第111章

"Yousaythatyouhavereadmyletterstoyourbrotherandthathesalutesme。Makehimmybestcomplimentsandthankhim。Youaskmetoadviseyouwhether，ifheshouldhappentoreturntoVenicewithyou，hecouldlodgewithyouinyourhouse。Tellhimyes，becausethechickensarealwaysintheloftandmakenodirt；and，asforthedogs，onewatchestoseethattheydonotmakedirt。Thefurnitureoftheapartmentisalreadyinplace；itlacksonlyawardrobeandthelittlebedwhichyouboughtforyournephewandthemirror；asfortherest，everythingisasyouleftit……"

Itispossiblethat，atthe"granddinner，"CasanovawaspresentedtoCountWaldstein，withoutwhosekindnesstoCasanovatheMemoirsprobablywouldneverhavebeenwritten。TheLordofDux，JosephCharlesEmmanuelWaldstein—Wartenberg，ChamberlaintoHerImperialMajesty，descendantofthegreatWallenstein，wastheelderoftheelevenchildrenofEmmanuelPhilibert，CountWaldstein，andMariaTheresa，PrincessLiechtenstein。

Veryegotisticandwillfulinhisyouth，carelessofhisaffairs，andanimprudentgambler，atthirtyyearsofagehehadnotyetsettleddown。

Hismotherwasdisconsolatedthathersoncouldnotseparatehimselffromoccupations"solittlesuitedtohisspiritandhisbirth:"

Onthe13thMarch1784，CountLambergwroteCasanova:"IknowM。leC。

deWaldsteinthroughhavingheardhimpraisedbyjudgesworthyofappreciatingthetranscendentqualitiesofmorethanonekindpeculiartotheCount。IcongratulateyouonhavingsuchaMaecenas，andI

congratulatehiminhisturnonhavingchosensuchamanasyourself。"

WhichlastremarkcertainlyforeshadowsthelibraryatDux。

Later，onthelathMarch，1785，Zaguriwrote:"Intwomonthsatthelatest，allwillbesettled。Iamveryhappy。"Referringfurther，itisconjectured，toCasanova’shopesofplacinghimselfwiththeCount。

IV

LETTERSFROMFRANCESCA

20thMarch1784。"Iseethatyouwillprintoneofyourbooks；yousaythatyouwillsendmetwohundredcopieswhichIcansellatthirtysouseach；thatyouwilltellZaguriandthathewilladvisethosewhowishcopiestoapplytome……"

ThisbookwastheLettrehistorico—critiquesurunfaitconnudependantd’unecausepeuconnue，adresseeauducde***，1784。

3rdApril1784。"IseewithpleasurethatyouhavegonetoamuseyourselfincompanywithtwoladiesandthatyouhavetraveledfivepoststoseetheEmperor[JosephII]……Yousaythatyourfortuneconsistsofonesequin……Ihopethatyouobtainedpermissiontoprintyourbook，thatyouwillsendmethetwohundredcopies，andthatI

maybeabletosellthem……"

14thApril1784。"Yousaythatamanwithoutmoneyistheimageofdeath，thatheisaverywretchedanimal。IlearnwithregretthatIamunlikelytoseeyouattheapproachingFestivaloftheAscension……

thatyouhopetoseemeoncemorebeforedying……Youmakemelaugh，tellingmethatatViennaaballoonwasmadewhicharoseintheairwithsixpersonsandthatitmightbethatyouwouldgoupalso。"

28thApril1784。"Isee，tomylivelyregret，thatyouhavebeeninbedwithyourusualailment[hemorrhoids]。ButIampleasedtoknowthatyouarebetter。Youcertainlyshouldgotothebaths……IhavebeendiscouragedinseeingthatyouhavenotcometoVenicebecauseyouhavenomoney……P。S。JustatthismomentIhavereceivedagoodletter，enclosingabillofexchange，whichIwillgoandhavepaid……"

5thMay1784。"IwenttothehouseofM。FrancescoManenti，atS。PolodiCampo，withmybillofexchange，andhegavemeatonceeighteenpiecesoftenlireseach……Ifigurethatyoumadefunofmesayingseriouslythatyouwillgoupinaballoonandthat，ifthewindisfavorable，youwillgointheairtoTriesteandthenfromTriestetoVenice。"

19thMay1784。"Isee，tomygreatregret，thatyouareinpoorhealthandstillshortofmoney……Yousaythatyouneedtwentysequinsandthatyouhaveonlytwentytrari……Ihopethatyourbookisprinted……"

29thMay1784。"Inotewithpleasurethatyouaregoingtotakethebaths；butIregretthatthistreatmentenfeeblesanddepressesyou。Itreassuresmethatyoudonotfailinyourappetitenoryoursleep……

IhopeIwillnothearyousayagainthatyouaredisgustedwitheverything，andnolongerinlovewithlife……Iseethatforyou，atthismoment，fortunesleeps……Iamnotsurprisedthateverythingissodearinthecitywhereyouare，foratVenicealsoonepaysdearlyandeverythingispricedbeyondreach。"

ZaguriwroteCasanovathe12thMay，thathehadmetFrancescaintheMongolfiericasino。Andonthe2ndJuneCasanova，doubtlessfeelinghishelplessnessinthematterofmoney，andtheinsufficiencyofhisoccasionalremittances，andsuspiciousofFrancesca’sloyalty，wroteheraletterofrenunciation。Thencamehernewsofthesaleofhisbooks；

andeighteenmonthspassedbeforehewrotetoheragain。

Onthe12thJune1784，Francescareplied:"Icouldnotexpecttoconveytoyou，norcouldyoufigure，thesorrowthattriesmeinseeingthatyouwillnotoccupyyourselfanymorewithme……IhidfromyouthatIhadbeenwiththatwomanwholivedwithus，withhercompanion，thecashieroftheAcademiedesMongolfceristes。AlthoughIwenttothisAcademywithprudenceanddignity，Ididnotwanttowriteyouforfearyouwouldscoldme。Thatistheonlyreason，andhereafteryoumaybecertainofmysincerityandfrankness……Ibegyoutoforgivemethistime，ifIwriteyousomethingIhaveneverwrittenforfearthatyouwouldbeangrywithmebecauseIhadnottoldyou。Knowthenthatfourmonthsago，yourbookswhichwereonthemezzanineweresoldtoalibraryforthesumoffiftylires，whenwewereinurgentneed。Itwasmymotherwhodidit……"

26thJune1784。"……Mme。Zenobia[deMonti]hasaskedmeifI

wouldenjoyhercompany。CertainthatyouwouldconsentIhaveallowedhertocomeandlivewithme。Shehassympathyformeandhasalwayslovedme。"

7thJuly1784。"Yoursilencegreatlydisturbsme！Toreceivenomoreofyourletters！BygoodpostIhavesentyouthreeletters，withthisone，andyouhavenotrepliedtoanyofthem。Certainly，youhavereasonforbeingoffendedatme，becauseIhidfromyousomethingwhichyoulearnedfromanother……Butyoumighthaveseen，frommylastletter，thatIhavewrittenyouallthetruthaboutmyfaultandthatIhaveaskedyourpardonfornotwritingitbefore……Withoutyouandyourhelp，Godknowswhatwillbecomeofus……FortherentofyourchamberMme。Zenobiawillgiveuseightliresamonthandfiveliresforpreparinghermeals。Butwhatcanonedowiththirteenlires！……

Iamafflictedandmortified……Donotabandonme。"

V

LASTDAYSATVIENNA

In1785，atVienna，CasanovaranacrossCosta，hisformersecretarywho，in1761，hadfledfromhimtaking"diamonds，watches，snuffbox，linen，richsuitsandahundredlouis。""In1785，IfoundthisrunagateatVienna。HewasthenCountErdich’sman，andwhenwecometothatperiod，thereadershallhearwhatIdid。"

Casanovadidnotreachthisperiod，inwritinghisMemoirs，butanaccountofthismeetingisgivenbyDaPonte，whowaspresentatit，inhisMemoirs。Costahadmetwithmanymisfortunes，ashetoldCasanova，andhadhimselfbeendefrauded。Casanovathreatenedtohavehimhanged，butaccordingtoDaPonte，wasdissuadedfromthisbycounteraccusationsmadebyCosta。

DaPonte’snarrationoftheincidentisbrilliantandamusing，inspiteofourfeelingthatitismaliciouslyexaggerated:"StrollingonemorningintheGrabenwithCasanova，Isuddenlysawhimknithisbrows，squawk，grindhisteeth，twisthimself，raisehishandsskyward，and，snatchinghimselfawayfromme，throwhimselfonamanwhomIseemedtoknow，shoutingwithaveryloudvoice:’Murderer，Ihavecaughtthee。’

Acrowdhavinggatheredasaresultofthisstrangeactandyell，I

approachedthemwithsomedisgust；nevertheless，IcaughtCasanova’shandandalmostbyforceIseparatedhimfromthefray。Hethentoldmethestory，withdesperatemotionsandgestures，andsaidthathisantagonistwasGioachinoCosta，bywhomhehadbeenbetrayed。ThisGioachinoCosta，althoughhehadbeenforcedtobecomeaservantbyhisvicesandbadpractices，andwasatthatverytimeservanttoaViennesegentleman，wasmoreorlessofapoet。Hewas，infact，oneofthosewhohadhonoredmewiththeirsatire，whentheEmperorJosephselectedmeaspoetofhistheater。Costaenteredacafe，andwhileIcontinuedtowalkwithCasanova，wroteandsendhimbyamessenger，thefollowingverses:

’Casanova，makenooutcry；

Youstole，indeed，aswellasI；

Youweretheonewhofirsttaughtme；

YourartImasteredthoroughly。

Silenceyourwisestcoursewillbe。’

"Theseverseshadthedesiredeffect。Afterabriefsilence，Casanovalaughedandthensaidsoftlyinmyear:’Therogueisright。’HewentintothecafeandmotionedtoCostatocomeout；theybegantowalktogethercalmly，asifnothinghadhappened，andtheypartedshakinghandsrepeatedlyandseeminglycalmandfriendly。Casanovareturnedtomewithacameoonhislittlefinger，whichbyastrangecoincidence，representedMercury，thegod—protectorofthieves。Thiswashisgreatestvaluable，anditwasallthatwasleftoftheimmensebooty，butrepresentedthecharacterofthetworestoredfriends，perfectly。"

DaPonteprecedesthisaccountwithalibellousnarrativeofCasanova’srelationswiththeMarquised’Urfe，evenstatingthatCasanovastolefromherthejewelsstoleninturnbyCosta，but，asM。Maynialremarks，wemayattributethispervertedaccount"solelytotherancourandantipathyofthenarrator。"ItismorelikelythatCasanovafrightenedCostaalmostoutofhiswits，wasgrimlyamusedathismisfortunes，andlethimgo，sincetherewasnoremedytoCasanova’sbenefit，forhisformerrascality。Casanova’sownbrief，anticipatoryaccountisgiveninhisMemoirs。

In1797，correctingandrevisinghisMemoirs，Casanovawrote:"Twelveyearsago，ifithadnotbeenformyguardianangel，Iwouldhavefoolishlymarried，atVienna，ayoung，thoughtlessgirl，withwhomIhadfalleninlove。"Inwhichconnection，hisremarkisinteresting:"Ihavelovedwomeneventomadness，butIhavealwayslovedlibertybetter；andwheneverIhavebeenindangeroflosingit，fatehascometomyrescue。"

Whileanidentificationofthe"young，thoughtlessgirl"hasbeenimpossible，M。Ravabelieveshertobe"C。M。，"thesubjectofapoemfoundatDux，writteninduplicate，inItalianandFrench，andheaded"GiacomoCasanova，inlove，toC。M。"

"When，Catton，toyoursightisshowntheloveWhichallmytenderestcaressesprove，Feelingallpleasure’ssharpestjoysandfears，Burningonemoment，shiveringthenext，Caressingyouwhileshoweringyouwithtears，Givingeachcharmathousandeagerkisses，WishingtotouchatonceathousandblissesAnd，attheonesbeyondmypower，vexed，Abandonedinafuriousdesire，Leavingthesecharmsforothercharmsthatfire，PossessingallandyetdesiringUntil，destroyedbyexcessesofpleasure，FindingnowordsoflovenoranythingToexpressmyfiresoverflowingmeasureThandeepeningsighsandobscuremurmuring:

Ah！ThenyouthinktoreadmyinmostheartTofindthelovethatcanthesesignsimpart……Benotdeceived。Thesetransports，amorouscries，Thesekisses，tears，desiresandheavysighs，OfallthefirewhichdevoursmeCouldlessthaneventhelightesttokensbe。"

Evidentlythissamegirlistheauthoressofthetwofollowingletterswrittenby"CatonM……"toCasanovain1786。

12thApril1786。"Youwillinfinitelyobligemeifyouwilltellmetowhomyouwrotesuchprettythingsaboutme；apparentlyitistheAbbeDaPonte；butIwouldgotohishouseand，eitherhewouldprovethatyouhadwrittenitorIwouldhavethehonoroftellinghimthatheisthemostinfamoustraducerintheworld。Ithinkthatthelovelypicturewhichyoumakeofmyfuturehasnotasmuchexcuseasyoumaythink，and，inspiteofyourscience，youdeceiveyourself……ButjustnowIwillinformyouofallmywooersandyoucanjudgeforyourselfbythiswhetherIdeserveallthereproachesyoumademeinyourlastletter。ItistwoyearssinceIcametoknowtheCountdeK……；IcouldhavelovedhimbutIwastoohonesttobewillingtosatisfyhisdesires……Somemonthsafterward，IcametoknowtheCountdeM……；hewasnotsohandsomeasK……buthepossessedeverypossibleartforseducingagirl；Idideverythingforhim，butIneverlovedhimasmuchashisfriend。Infine，totellyouallmygiddinessesinafewwords，I

seteverythingrightagainwithK……andgotmyselfintoaquarrelwithM……，thenIleftK……andreturnedtoM……，butatthehouseofthelattertherewasalwaysanofficerwhopleasedmemorethanboththetwoothersandwhosometimesconductedmetothehouse；thenwefoundourselvesatthehouseofafriend，anditisofthissameofficerthatIamill。So，mydearfriend，thatisall。I

donotseektojustifymypastconduct；onthecontrary，IknowwellthatIhaveactedbadly……IammuchafflictedatbeingthecauseofyourremainingawayfromVeniceduringtheCarnival……Ihopetoseeyousoonagainandam，withmuchlove，Monsieur，yoursincereCatonM……"

16thJuly1786。"IhavespokenwiththeAbbeDaPonte。Heinvitedmetocometohishousebecause，hesaid，hehadsomethingtotellmeforyou。

Iwentthere，butwasreceivedsocoldlythatIamresolvednottogothereagain。Also，Mlle。Nanetteaffectedanairofreserveandtookatonherselftoreadmelessonsonwhatshewaspleasedtocallmylibertinism……Ibegthatyouwillwritenothingmoreaboutmetothesetwoverydangerouspersonages……JustnowIwilltellyouofalittletrickwhichIplayedonyou，whichwithoutdoubtdeservessomepunishment。Theyoung，littleKasper，whomyouformerlyloved，cametoaskmefortheaddressofherdearMonsieurdeCasanova，sothatshecouldwriteaverytenderletterfullofrecollections。Ihadtoomuchpolitenesstowishtorefuseaprettygirl，whowasoncethefavoriteofmylover，sojustarequest，soIgavehertheaddressshewished；butI

addressedthelettertoacityfarfromyou。Isitnot，mydearfriend，thatyouwouldlikewelltoknowthenameofthecity，sothatyoucouldsecuretheletterbyposts。Butyoucandependonmywordthatyouwillnotknowituntilyouhavewrittenmeaverylongletterbeggingmeveryhumblytoindicatetheplacewherethedivineletteroftheadorableobjectofyourvowshasgone。YoumightwellmakethissacrificeforagirlinwhomtheEmperor[JosephII]interestshimself，foritisknownthat，sinceyourdeparturefromVienna，itishewhoisteachingherFrenchandmusic；andapparentlyhetakesthetroubleofinstructingherhimself，forsheoftengoestohishousetothankhimforhiskindnessestoher，butIknownotinwhatwaysheexpressesherself。

"Farewell，mydearfriend。ThinksometimesofmeandbelievethatIamyoursincerefriend。

Onthe23rdApril1785，theambassadorFoscarinidied，deprivingCasanovaofaprotector，probablyleavinghimwithoutmuchmoney，andnotinthebestofhealth。HeappliedforthepositionofsecretarytoCountFabris，hisformerfriend，whosenamehadbeenchangedfromTognolo，butwithoutsuccess。CasanovathendeterminedtogotoBerlininthehopeofaplaceintheAcademy。Onthe30thJulyhearrivedatBrueninMoravia，wherehisfriendMaximilian—Joseph，CountLamberggavehim，amongotherlettersofrecommendation，aletteraddressedtoJean—FerdinandOpiz，InspectorofFinancesandBanksatCzaslau，inwhichhewrote:

"Acelebratedman，M。Casanova，willdelivertoyou，mydearfriend，thevisitingcardwithwhichheischargedforMme。Opizandyourself。

Knowingthisamiableandremarkableman，willmarkanepochinyourlife，bepoliteandfriendlytohim，’quodipsifaciesinmeimemoriamfaciatis’。Keepyourselfwell，writetome，andifyoucandirecthimtosomehonestmanatCarlsbad，failnottodoso……’

Onthe15thAugust1785，M。OpizwroteCountLambergaboutCasanova’svisit:

"Yourletterofthe30th，includingyourcardsformywifeandmyself，wasdeliveredthefirstofthismonthbyM。Casanova。HewasveryanxioustomeetthePrincessLubomirskiagainatCarlsbad。Butassomethingabouthiscarriagewasbroken，hewasobligedtostopinCzaslaufortwohourswhichhepassedinmycompany。HehasleftCzaslauwiththepromiseofgivingmeadayonhisreturn。Iamalreadydelighted。EvenintheshortspaceoftimeinwhichIenjoyedhiscompany，Ifoundinhimamanworthyofourhighestconsiderationandofourlove，abenevolentphilosopherwhosehomelandisthegreatexpanseofourplanet（andnotVenicealone）andwhovaluesonlythemeninthekings……IknowabsolutelynooneatCarlsbad，soIsincerelyregretbeingunabletorecommendhimtoanyonethere，accordingtoyourdesire。Hedidnotwish，onaccountofhishaste，topauseevenatPragueand，consequently，todeliver，atthistime，yourlettertoPrinceFurstemberg。"

PARTTHETHIRD

DUX

1786—1798

I

THECASTLEATDUX

ItisuncertainhowlongCasanovaremainedatCarlsbad。Whilethere，however，hemetagainthePolishnoblemanZawoiski，withwhomhehadgambledinVenicein1746。"AstoZawoiski，IdidnottellhimthestoryuntilImethiminCarlsbadoldanddeaf，fortyyearslater。"HedidnotreturntoCzaslau，butinSeptember1785hewasatTeplitzwherehefoundCountWaldsteinwhomheaccompaniedtohiscastleatDux。

>FromthistimeonwardheremainedalmostconstantlyatthecastlewherehewasplacedinchargeoftheCount’slibraryandgivenapensionofonethousandflorinsannually。

Describinghisvisittothecastlein1899，ArthurSymonswrites:"Ihadthesensationofanenormousbuilding:allBohemiancastlesarebig，butthisonewaslikearoyalpalace。Setthereinthemidstofthetown，aftertheBohemianfashion，itopensatthebackupongreatgardens，asifitwereinthemidstofthecountry。Iwalkedthroughroomafterroom，corridoraftercorridor；everywheretherewerepictures，everywhereportraitsofWallenstein，andbattlescenesinwhichheledonhistroops。Thelibrary，whichwasformed，oratleastarranged，byCasanova，andwhichremainsasheleftit，containssometwenty—fivethousandvolumes，someofthemofconsiderablevalue……ThelibraryformspartoftheMuseum，whichoccupiesaground—floorwingofthecastle。Thefirstroomisanarmoury，inwhichallkindsofarmsarearranged，inadecorativeway，coveringtheceilingandthewallswithstrangepatterns。Thesecondroomcontainspottery，collectedbyCasanova’sWaldsteinonhisEasterntravels。Thethirdroomisfullofcuriousmechanicaltoys，andcabinets，andcarvingsinivory。Finally，wecometothelibrary，containedinthetwoinnermostrooms。Thebookshelvesarepaintedwhiteandreachtothelowvaultedceilings，whicharewhitewashed。Attheendofabookcase，inthecornerofoneofthewindows，hangsafineengravedportraitofCasanova。"

Inthiselaboratesetting，Casanovafoundtherefugehesosadlyneededforhislastyears。TheevildaysofVeniceandVienna，andtheproblemsandmakeshiftsofmereexistence，wereleftbehind。AndforthisrefugehepaidtheworldwithhisMemoirs。

II

LETTERSFROMFRANCESCA

In1786，CasanovarenewedhiscorrespondencewithFrancesca，whowrote:

1stJuly1786。"Afterasilenceofayearandahalf，Ireceivedfromyouyesterdayagoodletterwhichhasconsoledmeininformingmethatyouareinperfecthealth。But，ontheotherhand，IwasmuchpainedtoseethatinyourletteryoudidnotcallmeFriend，butMadame……

Youhavereasontochidemeandtoreproachmeforhavingrentedahousewithoutsuretyormeansofpayingtherent。Astotheadviceyougivemethatifsomehonestpersonwouldpaymemyrent，oratleastapartofit，Ishouldhavenoscruplesabouttakingitbecausealittlemore，oralittleless，wouldbeoflittleimportance……IdeclaretoyouthatIhavebeendisconsolatedatreceivingfromyousuchareproachwhichisabsolutelyunjustified……Youtellmethatyouhavenearyouayounggirlwhomeritsallyoursolicitationsandyourlove，sheandherfamilyofsixpersonswhoadoreyouandgiveyoueveryattention；thatshecostsyouallyouhave，sothatyoucannotsendmeevenasou……IampainedtohearyousaythatyouwillneverreturntoVenice，andyetIhopetoseeyouagain……"

The"younggirl"referredtoinFrancesca’sletterwasAnna—DorotheaKleer，daughteroftheporterofthecastle。Thisyounggirlbecamepregnantin1786andCasanovawasaccusedofseducingher。Theguiltyone，however，wasapainternamedSchottnerwhomarriedtheunfortunategirlinJanuary1787。

9thAugust1786。

"Myonlytruefriend，"ItistwodayssinceIreceivedyourdearletter；Iwasveryhappytoseeyourwriting……YouhavereasontomortifymeandreproachmeinrecallingallthetroublesIcausedyou，andespeciallythatwhichyoucalltreachery，thesaleofyourbooks，ofwhichinpartIwasnotguilty……Forgiveme，mydearfriend，meandmyfoolishmotherwho，despiteallmyobjections，absolutelyinsistedonsellingthem。

Regardingthatwhichyouwritemethatyouknowthatmymother，lastyear，toldaboutthatyouhadbeenmyruin，thismayunhappilybetrue，sinceyoualreadyknowtheevilthoughtsofmymother，whoevensaysthatyouarestillatVenice……WhenhaveInotbeenalwayssincerewithyou，andwhenhaveInotatleastlistenedtoyourgoodadvicesandoffers？Iaminadesperatesituation，abandonedbyall，almostinthestreets，almostabouttobehomeless……Whereareallthepleasureswhichformerlyyouprocuredme？Wherearethetheatres，thecomedieswhichweoncesawtogether？……"

5thJanuary1787。

"ThefirstoftheyearIreceivedyourdearletterwiththebillofexchangeforonehundredandtwenty—fivelireswhichyousentmesogenerously……YousayyouhaveforgivenmeforallthetroublesIhavecausedyou。Forgetall，then，anddonotaccusemeanymoreofthingswhicharebuttootrueandofwhichtheremembrancealonecutsmetotheheart……Youwritemethatyouhavebeenforgottenbyapersonofwhomyouwereveryfond，thatsheismarriedandthatyouhavenotseenherformorethanamonth。"

The"person"referredtowasAnnaKleer。

5thOctober1787……"Untiltheotherday，Ihadbeenwaitingforyourarrival，hopingthatyouwouldcometoassistattheentryoftheProcuratorMemmo……

Iseebyyourgoodletterthatyouwerenotabletogetaway，sinceyourpresenceisnearlyalwaysnecessaryinthegreatcastle……

IlearnofthevisityouhavereceivedfromtheEmperorwhowishedtoseeyourlibraryofforty—thousandvolumes！……Yousaythatyoudetestthechaseandthatyouareunhappywhenpolitenessobligesyoutogo……Iampleasedtoknowthatyouareingoodhealth，thatyouarestoutandthatyouhaveagoodappetiteandsleepwell……Ihopethattheprintingofyourbook[Histoiredemafuite]isgoingaccordingtoyourwishes。IfyougotoDresdenforthemarriageofyourniece，enjoyyourselfforme……Forgetnottowritetome；thisgivesmesuchpleasure！Rememberme。Fullofconfidenceinyourfriendship，I

am，andalwayswillbe，yourtrueandsincerefriend，FrancescaBuschina。"

III

CORRESPONDENCEANDACTIVITIES

In1787，abookwaspublishedunderthetitleof’DreissigBriefuberGalizienbyTraunpaur’，whichincludedthispassage:"Themostfamousadventurersoftwosorts（therearetwo，infact:honestadventurersandadventurersofdoubtfulreputation）haveappearedonthesceneofthekingdomofPoland。ThebestknownontheshoresoftheVistulaare:themiraculousCagliostro:BoissondeQuency，grandcharlatan，soldieroffortune，decoratedwithmanyorders，memberofnumerousAcademies:theVenetianCasanovaofSaint—Gall，atruesavant，whofoughtaduelwithCountBranicki:theBarondePoellnitz……theluckyCountTomatis，whoknewsowellhowt