第91章

FROMthecontrarietyofsomeofthenaturalfacultiesofthemind，onetoanother，asalsoofonepassiontoanother，andfromtheirreferencetoconversation，therehasbeenanargumenttakentoinferanimpossibilitythatanyonemanshouldbesufficientlydisposedtoallsortsofcivilduty。Theseverityofjudgement，theysay，makesmencensoriousandunapttopardontheerrorsandinfirmitiesofothermen：andontheotherside，celerityoffancymakesthethoughtslesssteadythanisnecessarytodiscernexactlybetweenrightandwrong。Again，inalldeliberations，andinallpleadings，thefacultyofsolidreasoningisnecessary：forwithoutit，theresolutionsofmenarerash，andtheirsentencesunjust：andyetiftherebenotpowerfuleloquence，whichprocurethattentionandconsent，theeffectofreasonwillbelittle。Butthesearecontraryfaculties；theformerbeinggroundeduponprinciplesoftruth；theotheruponopinionsalreadyreceived，trueorfalse；anduponthepassionsandinterestsofmen，whicharedifferentandmutable。

Andamongstthepassions，courage(bywhichImeanthecontemptofwoundsandviolentdeath)inclinethmentoprivaterevenges，andsometimestoendeavourtheunsettlingofthepublicpeace：andtimorousnessmanytimesdisposethtothedesertionofthepublicdefence。Boththese，theysay，cannotstandtogetherinthesameperson。

Andtoconsiderthecontrarietyofmen’sopinionsandmannersingeneral，itis，theysay，impossibletoentertainaconstantcivilamitywithallthosewithwhomthebusinessoftheworldconstrainsustoconverse：whichbusinessconsistethalmostinnothingelsebutaperpetualcontentionforhonour，riches，andauthority。

TowhichIanswerthattheseareindeedgreatdifficulties，butnotimpossibilities：forbyeducationanddiscipline，theymaybe，andaresometimes，reconciled。Judgementandfancymayhaveplaceinthesameman；butbyturns；astheendwhichheaimethatrequireth。AstheIsraelitesinEgyptweresometimesfastenedtotheirlabourofmakingbricks，andothertimeswererangingabroadtogatherstraw：soalsomaythejudgementsometimesbefixedupononecertainconsideration，andthefancyatanothertimewanderingabouttheworld。Soalsoreasonandeloquence(thoughnotperhapsinthenaturalsciences，yetinthemoral)maystandverywelltogether。Forwheresoeverthereisplaceforadorningandpreferringoferror，thereismuchmoreplaceforadorningandpreferringoftruth，iftheyhaveittoadorn。Noristhereanyrepugnancybetweenfearingthelaws，andnotfearingapublicenemy；norbetweenabstainingfrominjury，andpardoningitinothers。Thereisthereforenosuchinconsistenceofhumannaturewithcivilduties，assomethink。Ihaveknownclearnessofjudgement，andlargenessoffancy；strengthofreason，andgracefulelocution；acourageforthewar，andafearforthelaws，andalleminentlyinoneman；andthatwasmymostnobleandhonouredfriend，Mr。SidneyGodolphin；who，hatingnoman，norhatedofany，wasunfortunatelyslaininthebeginningofthelatecivilwar，inthepublicquarrel，byanundiscernedandanundiscerninghand。

TotheLawsofNaturedeclaredinthefifteenthChapter，Iwouldhavethisadded：thateverymanisboundbynature，asmuchasinhimlieth，toprotectinwartheauthoritybywhichheishimselfprotectedintimeofpeace。Forhethatpretendetharightofnaturetopreservehisownbody，cannotpretendarightofnaturetodestroyhimbywhosestrengthheispreserved：itisamanifestcontradictionofhimself。Andthoughthislawmaybedrawnbyconsequencefromsomeofthosethataretherealreadymentioned，yetthetimesrequiretohaveitinculcatedandremembered。

AndbecauseIfindbydiverseEnglishbookslatelyprintedthatthecivilwarshavenotyetsufficientlytaughtmeninwhatpointoftimeitisthatasubjectbecomesobligedtotheconqueror；norwhatisconquest；norhowitcomesaboutthatitobligesmentoobeyhislaws：thereforeforfurthersatisfactionofmentherein，Isay，thepointoftimewhereinamanbecomessubjecttoaconqueroristhatpointwherein，havinglibertytosubmittohim，heconsenteth，eitherbye