第21章

Therearefewthingsthatareincapableofbeingrepresentedbyfiction。Inanimatethings，asachurch，ahospital，abridge，maybepersonatedbyarector，master，oroverseer。Butthingsinanimatecannotbeauthors，northereforegiveauthoritytotheiractors：yettheactorsmayhaveauthoritytoprocuretheirmaintenance，giventhembythosethatareownersorgovernorsofthosethings。Andthereforesuchthingscannotbepersonatedbeforetherebesomestateofcivilgovernment。

Likewisechildren，fools，andmadmenthathavenouseofreasonmaybepersonatedbyguardians，orcurators，butcanbenoauthorsduringthattimeofanyactiondonebythem，longerthan(whentheyshallrecovertheuseofreason)theyshalljudgethesamereasonable。

Yetduringthefollyhethathathrightofgoverningthemmaygiveauthoritytotheguardian。Butthisagainhasnoplacebutinastatecivil，becausebeforesuchestatethereisnodominionofpersons。

Anidol，ormerefigmentofthebrain，maybepersonated，aswerethegodsoftheheathen，which，bysuchofficersasthestateappointed，werepersonated，andheldpossessions，andothergoods，andrights，whichmenfromtimetotimededicatedandconsecrateduntothem。Butidolscannotbeauthors：foranidolisnothing。Theauthorityproceededfromthestate，andthereforebeforeintroductionofcivilgovernmentthegodsoftheheathencouldnotbepersonated。

ThetrueGodmaybepersonated。AsHewas：first，Moses，whogovernedtheIsraelites，thatwerethatwerenothis，butGod’speople；notinhisownname，withhocdicitMoses，butinGod’sname，withhocdicitDominus。Secondly，bytheSonofMan，HisownSon，ourblessedSaviourJesusChrist，thatcametoreducetheJewsandinduceallnationsintothekingdomofhisFather；notasofhimself，butassentfromhisFather。Andthirdly，bytheHolyGhost，orComforter，speakingandworkingintheApostles；whichHolyGhostwasaComforterthatcamenotofhimself，butwassentandproceededfromthemboth。

Amultitudeofmenaremadeonepersonwhentheyarebyoneman，oroneperson，represented；sothatitbedonewiththeconsentofeveryoneofthatmultitudeinparticular。Foritistheunityoftherepresenter，nottheunityoftherepresented，thatmakeththepersonone。Anditistherepresenterthatbeareththeperson，andbutoneperson：andunitycannototherwisebeunderstoodinmultitude。

Andbecausethemultitudenaturallyisnotone，butmany，theycannotbeunderstoodforone，butinanyauthors，ofeverythingtheirrepresentativesaithordothintheirname；everymangivingtheircommonrepresenterauthorityfromhimselfinparticular，andowningalltheactionstherepresenterdoth，incasetheygivehimauthoritywithoutstint：otherwise，whentheylimithiminwhatandhowfarheshallrepresentthem，noneofthemownethmorethantheygavehimcommissiontoact。

Andiftherepresentativeconsistofmanymen，thevoiceofthegreaternumbermustbeconsideredasthevoiceofthemall。Forifthelessernumberpronounce，forexample，intheaffirmative，andthegreaterinthenegative，therewillbenegativesmorethanenoughtodestroytheaffirmatives，andtherebytheexcessofnegatives，standinguncontradicted，aretheonlyvoicetherepresentativehath。

Andarepresentativeofevennumber，especiallywhenthenumberisnotgreat，wherebythecontradictoryvoicesareoftentimesequal，isthereforeoftentimesmuteandincapableofaction。Yetinsomecasescontradictoryvoicesequalinnumbermaydetermineaquestion；asincondemning，orabsolving，equalityofvotes，eveninthattheycondemnnot，doabsolve；butnotonthecontrarycondemn，inthattheyabsolvenot。Forwhenacauseisheard，nottocondemnistoabsolve；b