第44章

Thereforethepeoplearetobetaughttoabstainfromviolencetooneanother’spersonbyprivaterevenges，fromviolationofconjugalhonour，andfromforciblerapineandfraudulentsurreptionofoneanother’sgoods。Forwhichpurposealsoitisnecessarytheybeshowntheevilconsequencesoffalsejudgment，bycorruptioneitherofjudgesorwitnesses，wherebythedistinctionofproprietyistakenaway，andjusticebecomesofnoeffect：allwhichthingsareintimatedinthesixth，seventh，eighth，andninthCommandments。

Lastly，theyaretobetaughtthatnotonlytheunjustfacts，butthedesignsandintentionstodothem，thoughbyaccidenthindered，areinjustice；whichconsistethinthepravityofthewill，aswellasintheirregularityoftheact。AndthisistheintentionofthetenthCommandment，andthesumofthesecondtable；whichisreducedalltothisonecommandmentofmutualcharity，“Thoushaltlovethyneighbourasthyself“；asthesumofthefirsttableisreducedto“theloveofGod“；whomtheyhadthennewlyreceivedastheirking。

Asforthemeansandconduitsbywhichthepeoplemayreceivethisinstruction，wearetosearchbywhatmeanssomanyopinionscontrarytothepeaceofmankind，uponweakandfalseprinciples，haveneverthelessbeensodeeplyrootedinthem。ImeanthosewhichI

haveintheprecedenttheprecedentchapterspecified：asthatmenshalljudgeofwhatislawfulandunlawful，notbythelawitself，butbytheirownconsciences；thatistosay，bytheirownprivatejudgements：thatsubjectssininobeyingthecommandsoftheCommonwealth，unlesstheythemselveshavefirstjudgedthemtobelawful：thattheirproprietyintheirrichesissuchastoexcludethedominionwhichtheCommonwealthhaththesame：thatitislawfulforsubjectstokillsuchastheycalltyrants：thatthesovereignpowermaybedivided，andthelike；whichcometobeinstilledintothepeoplebythismeans。Theywhomnecessityorcovetousnesskeepethattentontheirtradesandlabour；andthey，ontheotherside，whomsuperfluityorslothcarriethaftertheirsensualpleasures(whichtwosortsofmentakeupthegreatestpartofmankind)，beingdivertedfromthedeepmeditationwhichtheoftruth，notonlyinthematterofnaturaljustice，butalsoofallothersciencesnecessarilyrequireth，receivethenotionsoftheirdutychieflyfromdivinesinthepulpit，andpartlyfromsuchoftheirneighboursorfamiliaracquaintanceashavingthefacultyofdiscoursingreadilyandplausiblyseemwiserandbetterlearnedincasesoflawandconsciencethanthemselves。Andthedivines，andsuchothersasmakeshowoflearning，derivetheirknowledgefromtheuniversities，andfromtheschoolsoflaw，orfromthebookswhichbymeneminentinthoseschoolsanduniversitieshavebeenpublished。Itisthereforemanifestthattheinstructionofthepeopledependethwhollyontherightteachingofyouthintheuniversities。Butarenot，maysomemansay，theuniversitiesofEnglandlearnedenoughalreadytodothat？Orisit，youwillundertaketoteachtheuniversities？Hardquestions。

Yettothefirst，Idoubtnottoanswer：thattilltowardsthelatterendofHenrytheEighth，thepowerofthePopewasalwaysupheldagainstthepoweroftheCommonwealth，principallybytheuniversities；andthatthedoctrinesbysomanypreachersagainstthesovereignpoweroftheking，andbysomanylawyersandothersthathadtheireducationthere，isasufficientargumentthat，thoughtheuniversitieswerenotauthorsofthosefalsedoctrines，yettheyknewnothowtoplantthetrue。Forinsuchacontradictionofopinions，itismostcertainthattheyhavenotbeensufficientlyinstructed；anditisnowonder，iftheyyetretainarelishofthatsubtleliquorwherewiththeywerefirstseasonedagainstthecivilauthority。Buttothelatterquestion，itisnotfitnorneedfulformetosayeitherayeorno：foranymanthatseeswhatIamdoingmayeasilyperceivewhatIthink。

Thesafetyofthepeoplerequirethfurther，fromhimorthemthathavethesovereignpower，thatjusticebeequallyadministeredtoalldegreesofpeople；thatis，thataswelltherichandmighty，aspoorandobscurepersons，mayberightedoftheinjuriesdonethem；soasthegreatmayhavenogreaterhopeofimpuni