LEVIATHAN

第86章

ThecarryingaboutofimagesinprocessionisanotherrelicofthereligionoftheGreeksandRomans,fortheyalsocarriedtheiridolsfromplacetoplace,inakindofchariot,whichwaspeculiarlydedicatedtothatuse,whichtheLatinscalledthensa,andvehiculumDeorum;andtheimagewasplacedinaframe,orshrine,whichtheycalledferculum。Andthatwhichtheycalledpompaisthesamethatnowisnamedprocession;accordingwhereunto,amongstthedivinehonourswhichweregiventoJuliusCaesarbytheSenate,thiswasone,thatinthepomp,orprocession,attheCircaeangames,heshouldhavethensametferculum,asacredchariotandashrine;whichwasasmuchastobecarriedupanddownasagod,justasatthisdaythepopesarecarriedbySwitzersunderacanopy。

Totheseprocessionsalsobelongedthebearingofburningtorchesandcandlesbeforetheimagesofthegods,bothamongsttheGreeksandRomans。ForafterwardstheemperorsofRomereceivedthesamehonor;

aswereadofCaligula,thatathisreceptiontotheEmpirehewascarriedfromMisenumtoRomeinthemidstofathrongofpeople,thewaysbesetwithaltars,andbeastsforsacrifice,andburningtorches;

andofCaracalla,thatwasreceivedintoAlexandriawithincense,andwithcastingofflowers,anddadouchiais,thatis,withtorches;

fordadochoiweretheythatamongsttheGreekscarriedtorcheslightedintheprocessionsoftheirgods。Andinprocessoftimethedevoutbutignorantpeopledidmanytimeshonourtheirbishopswiththelikepompofwaxcandles,andtheimagesofourSaviourandthesaints,constantly,inthechurchitself。Andthuscameintheuseofwaxcandlesandwasalsoestablishedbysomeoftheancientcouncils。

Theheathenshadalsotheiraqualustralis,thatistosay,holywater。TheChurchofRomeimitatesthemalsointheirholydays。

Theyhadtheirbacchanalia,andwehaveourwakes,answeringtothem;theytheirsaturnalia,andweourcarnivalsandShroveTuesday’slibertyofservants;theytheirprocessionofPriapus,weourfetchingin,erection,anddancingaboutMaypoles;anddancingisonekindofworship。TheyhadtheirprocessioncalledAmbarvalia,andweourprocessionaboutthefieldsintheRogationweek。NordoIthinkthatthesearealltheceremoniesthathavebeenleftintheChurch,fromthefirstconversionoftheGentiles,buttheyareallthatIcanforthepresentcalltomind。Andifamanwouldwellobservethatwhichisdeliveredinthehistories,concerningthereligiousritesoftheGreeksandRomans,IdoubtnotbuthemightfindmanymoreoftheseoldemptybottlesofGentilismwhichthedoctorsoftheRomanChurch,eitherbynegligenceorambition,havefilledupagainwiththenewwineofChristianity,thatwillnotfailintimetobreakthem。

S

BYphilosophyisunderstoodtheknowledgeacquiredbyreasoning,fromthemannerofthegenerationofanything,totheproperties;orfromtheproperties,tosomepossiblewayofgenerationofthesame;

totheendtobeabletoproduce,asfarasmatterandhumanforcepermit,sucheffectsashumanliferequireth。Sothegeometrician,fromtheconstructionoffigures,findethoutmanypropertiesthereof;

andfromtheproperti

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