第41章

Thebenefitswhichasovereignbestowethonasubject，forfearofsomepowerandabilityhehathtodohurttotheCommonwealth，arenotproperlyrewards：fortheyarenotsalaries，becausethereisinthiscasenocontractsupposed，everymanbeingobligedalreadynottodotheCommonwealthdisservice：noraretheygraces，becausetheybeextortedbyfear，whichoughtnottobeincidenttothesovereignpower：butarerathersacrifices，whichthesovereign，consideredinhisnaturalperson，andnotinthepersonoftheCommonwealth，makesfortheappeasingthediscontentofhimhethinksmorepotentthanhimself；andencouragenottoobedience，but，onthecontrary，tothecontinuanceandincreasingoffurtherextortion。

Andwhereassomesalariesarecertain，andproceedfromthepublictreasury；andothersuncertainandcasual，proceedingfromtheexecutionoftheofficeforwhichthesalaryisordained；thelatterisinsomecaseshurtfultotheCommonwealth，asinthecaseofjudicature。Forwherethebenefitofthejudges，andministersofacourtofjustice，arisethforthemultitudeofcausesthatarebroughttotheircognizance，theremustneedsfollowtwoinconveniences：oneisthenourishingofsuits；forthemoresuits，thegreaterbenefit：

andanotherthatdependsonthat，whichiscontentionwhichisaboutjurisdiction；eachcourtdrawingtoitselfasmanycausesasitcan。

Butinofficesofexecutiontherearenotthoseinconveniences，becausetheiremploymentcannotbeincreasedbyanyendeavouroftheirown。Andthusmuchshallsufficeforthenatureofpunishmentandreward；whichare，asitwere，thenervesandtendonsthatmovethelimbsandjointsofaCommonwealth。

HithertoIhavesetforththenatureofman，whoseprideandotherpassionshavecompelledhimtosubmithimselftogovernment；

togetherwiththegreatpowerofhisgovernor，whomIcomparedtoLEVIATHAN，takingthatcomparisonoutofthetwolastversesoftheone-and-fortiethofJob；whereGod，havingsetforththegreatpowerofLeviathan，callethhimkingoftheproud。“Thereisnothing，“saithhe，“onearthtobecomparedwithhim。Heismadesoasnottobeafraid。Heseetheveryhighthingbelowhim；andiskingofallthechildrenofpride。“Butbecauseheismortal，andsubjecttodecay，asallotherearthlycreaturesare；andbecausethereisthatinheaven，thoughnotonearth，thatheshouldstandinfearof，andwhoselawsheoughttoobey；Ishallinthenextfollowingchaptersspeakofhisdiseasesandthecausesofhismortality，andofwhatlawsofnatureheisboundtoobey。

THOUGHnothingcanbeimmortalwhichmortalsmake；yet，ifmenhadtheuseofreasontheypretendto，theirCommonwealthsmightbesecured，atleast，fromperishingbyinternaldiseases。Forbythenatureoftheirinstitution，theyaredesignedtoliveaslongasmankind，orasthelawsofnature，orasjusticeitself，whichgivesthemlife。Thereforewhentheycometobedissolved，notbyexternalviolence，butintestinedisorder，thefaultisnotinmenastheyarethematter，butastheyarethemakersandorderersofthem。Formen，astheybecomeatlastwearyofirregularjostlingandhewingoneanother，anddesirewithalltheirheartstoconformthemselvesintoonefirmandlastingedifice；soforwantbothoftheartofmakingfitlawstosquaretheiractionsby，andalsoofhumilityandpatiencetosuffertherudeandcumbersomepointsoftheirpresentgreatnesstobetakenoff，theycannotwithoutthehelpofaveryablearchitectbecompiledintoanyotherthanacrazybuilding，suchas，hardlylastingouttheirowntime，mustassuredlyfallupontheheadsoftheirposterity。

AmongsttheinfirmitiesthereforeofaCommonwealth，Iwillreckoninthefirstplacethosethatarisefromanimperfectinstitution，andresemblethediseasesofanaturalbody，whichproceedfromadefectuousprocreation。

Ofwhichthisisone：thatamantoobtainakingdomissometimescontentwithlesspowerthantothepeaceanddefenceoftheCommonwealthisnecessarilyrequired。Fromwhen