John Stuart Mill

第22章

22。ItwouldbeinterestingtocomparethispartofMillwiththecorrespondingpartofHume’sTreatise。Hume,likeMill,beginsbyacceptingcausationasoneoftherelationsinvolved,andthenexplainsitasmerelyderivative。Histreatmentofrelationsgenerally,especiallythedivisionofrelationsintothetwoclasses,whichdoordonotdependuponthe’ideas’themselves,hasabearinguponMill’sdoctrinetoointricatetobeconsideredhere。[TreatiseofHumanNature,pt。vi。sec。1。]IdonotthinkthatMillwasveryfamiliarwithHume’swritings。AnotetotheconcludingchapteroftheExaminationofHamiltonseemstoimplythathewasnotacquaintedwiththeTreatise;nordoesheappearfromhisposthumousEssaystohavestudiedHume’swritingsupontheology。WhetherT。H。GreenwasrightinholdingthatHumehadamoredistinctviewthanhissuccessorofsomemetaphysicaldifficulties,Ineednotinquire。

23。Logic,p。70(bk。i,ch。v,section7)。

24。Ibid。p。434(bk。iv,ch。iii,section2n。)。

25。Logic,p。132(bk。ii。ch。v,section4)。

26。EspeciallytheearlyreviewofWhately。

27。ThissuggestsaparalleltotheoldEnglishsystemofpleading——asapreparatoryprocessforbringingouttheissuesreallyinvolvedinadispute——whichissaidtohavebeenthoroughlylogical,thoughitbecameexcessivelycumbrousandtechnical。

28。Logic,p。327(bk。v,ch。vi,section3)。SoinExaminationofHamilton,ch。xxii。,’Thesyllogismisnottheforminwhichwenecessarilyreason,butatestofreasoning。’

29。JamesMill’sAnalysis,ii。427。

30。Logic,p。131。(bk。ii,ch。iii,section5)。

31。Logic,p。72(bk。i,ch。vi,section2)。

32。Ibid。p。113(bk。ii,ch。ii,section5)。

33。Autobiography,p。181。ThepassagetowhichMillrefersisapparentlythatinStewart’sWorks,iii,24-36and113-52。

StewartquotesapassagefromDrBeddoes’ObservationsontheNatureofDemonstrativeEvidence(1793),whichanticipatesMill’sviewthatthe’mathematicalsciencesaresciencesofexperimentandobservation,foundedsolelyontheinductionofparticularfacts。’StewartprofessestofollowLocke(seeLocke’sEssay,bk。

iv,ch。xii,section15),andgivessomereferencestootherdiscussionsonthequestions。

34。Logic,p。94(bk。i,ch。viii,section5)。

35。Logic,p。125(bk。ii,ch。iii,section3)。

36。Logic,p。126(bk。ii,ch。iii,section4)。

37。Ibid。p。107(bk。ii,ch。i,section3)。

38。Whiston(Mem

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