下载辰思小说免费APP
Astheenjoymentofliberty，andevenitssupportandpreservation，consistsineveryman’sbeingallowedtospeakhisthoughts，andtolayopenhissentiments，acitizeninthisstatewillsayorwritewhateverthelawsdonotexpresslyforbidtobesaidorwritten。
Apeoplelikethis，beingalwaysinaferment，aremoreeasilyconductedbytheirpassionsthanbyreason，whichneverproducesanygreateffectinthemindofman；itisthereforeeasyforthosewhogoverntomakethemundertakeenterprisescontrarytotheirtrueinterest。
Thisnationispassionatelyfondofliberty，becausethislibertyisreal；anditispossibleforit，initsdefence，tosacrificeitswealth，itsease，itsinterest，andtosupporttheburdenoftheheaviesttaxes，evensuchasadespoticprincedurstnotlayuponhissubjects。
Butasthepeoplehaveacertainknowledgeofthenecessityofsubmittingtothosetaxes，theypaythemfromthewell—foundedhopeoftheirdiscontinuance；theirburdensareheavy，buttheydonotfeeltheirweight；whilstinotherstatestheuneasinessisinfinitelygreaterthantheevil。
Thisnationmustthereforehaveafixedandcertaincredit，becauseitborrowsofitselfandpaysitself。Itispossibleforittoundertakethingsaboveitsnaturalstrength，andemployagainstitsenemiesimmensesumsoffictitiousriches，whichthecreditandnatureofthegovernmentmayrenderreal。
Topreserveitsliberty，itborrowsofitssubjects：andthesubjects，seeingthatitscreditwouldbelostifeveritwereconquered，haveanewmotivetomakefresheffortsindefenceofitsliberty。
Thisnation，inhabitinganisland，isnotfondofconquering，becauseitwouldbeweakenedbydistantconquests——especiallyasthesoiloftheislandisgood，forithasthennoneedofenrichingitselfbywar；andasnocitizenissubjecttoanother，eachsetsagreatervalueonhisownlibertythanonthegloryofoneoranynumberofcitizens。
Militarymenarethereregardedasbelongingtoaprofessionwhichmaybeusefulbutisoftendangerous，andasmenwhoseveryservicesareburdensometothenation：civilqualificationsarethereforemoreesteemedthanthemilitary。
Thisnation，whichlibertyandthelawsrendereasy，onbeingfreedfromperniciousprejudices，hasbecomeatradingpeople；andasithassomeofthoseprimitivematerialsoftradeoutofwhicharemanufacturedsuchthingsasfromtheartist’shandreceiveaconsiderablevalue，ithasmadesettlementspropertoprocuretheenjoymentofthisgiftofheaveninitsfullestextent。
Asthisnationissituatedtowardsthenorth，andhasmanysuperfluouscommodities，itmustwantalsoagreatamountofmerchandisewhichitsclimatewillnotproduce：ithasthereforeenteredintoagreatandnecessaryintercoursewiththesouthernnations；andmakingchoiceofthosestateswhomitiswillingtofavourwithanadvantageouscommerce，itentersintosuchtreatieswiththenationithaschosenasarereciprocallyusefultoboth。
Inastatewhere，ontheonehand，theopulenceisextreme，andontheotherthetaxesareexcessive，theyarehardlyabletoliveonasmallfortunewithoutindustry。Many，therefore，underapretenceoftravelling，orofhealth，retirefromamongthem，andgoinsearchofplenty，eventothecountriesofslavery。
Atradingnationhasaprodigiousnumberoflittleparticularinterests；
itmaytheninjureorbeinjuredinaninfinitenumberofways。Thusitbecomesimmoderatelyjealous，andismoreafflictedattheprosperityofothersthanitrejoicesatitsown。
Anditslaws，otherwisemildandeasy，maybesorigidwithrespecttothetradeandnavigationcarriedonwithit，thatitmayseemtotradeonlywithenemies。
Ifthisnationsendscoloniesabroad，itmustratherbetoextenditscommercethanitsdominion。
Asmenarefondofintroducingintootherplaceswhattheyhaveestablishedamongthemselves，theyhavegiventhepeopleofthecoloniestheirownformofgovernment；andthisgovernmentcarryingprosperityalongwithit，theyhaveraisedgreatnationsintheforeststheyweresenttoinhabit。
Havingformerlysubduedaneighbouringnation，whichbyitssituation，thegoodnessofitsports，andthenatureofitsproducts，inspiresitwithjealousy，thoughithasgiventhisnationitsownlaws，yetitholdsitingreatdependence：thesubjectstherearefreeandthestateitselfinslavery。
Theconqueredstatehasanexcellentcivilgovernment，butisoppressedbythelawofnations。Lawsareimposedbyonecountryontheother，andthesearesuchasrenderitsprosperityprecariousanddependentonthewillofamaster。
Therulingnationinhabitingalargeisland，andbeinginpossessionofagreattrade，haswithextraordinaryeasegrownpowerfulatsea；andasthepreservationofitslibertiesrequiresthatitshouldhaveneitherstrongholdsnorfortressesnorlandforces，ithasoccasionforaformidablenavytodefenditagainstinvasions；anavywhichmustbesuperiortothatofallotherpowers，who，employingtheirtreasuresinwarsonland，havenotsufficientforthoseatsea。
Theempireoftheseahasalwaysgiventhosewhohaveenjoyeditanaturalpride；because，thinkingthemselvescapableofextendingtheirinsultswherevertheyplease，theyimaginethattheirpowerisasboundlessastheocean。
Thisnationhasagreatinfluenceintheaffairsofitsneighbours；forasitspowerisnotemployedinconquests，itsfriendshipismorecourted，anditsresentmentmoredreaded，thancouldnaturallybeexpectedfromtheinconstancyofitsgovernment，anditsdomesticdivisions。
Thusitisthefateoftheexecutivepowertobealmostalwaysdisturbedathomeandrespectedabroad。
ShouldthisnationonsomeoccasionsbecomethecentreofthenegotiationsofEurope，probityandgoodfaithwouldbecarriedtoagreaterheightthaninotherplaces；becausetheministersbeingfrequentlyobligedtojustifytheirconductbeforeapopularcouncil，theirnegotiationscouldnotbesecret；andtheywouldbeforcedtobe，inthisrespect，alittlemorehonest。
Besides，astheywouldinsomesortbeanswerablefortheeventswhichanirregularconductmightproduce，thesurest，thesafestwayforthemwouldbetotakethestraightestpath。
Ifthenobleswereformerlypossessedofanimmoderatepower，andthemonarchhadfoundthemeansofabasingthembyraisingthepeople，thepointofextremeservitudemusthavebeenthatbetweenhumblingthenobilityandthatinwhichthepeoplebegantofeeltheirpower。
Thusthisnation，havingbeenformerlysubjecttoanarbitrarypower，onmanyoccasionspreservesthestyleofit，insuchamannerastoletusfrequentlyseeuponthefoundationofafreegovernmenttheformofanabsolutemonarchy。
Withregardtoreligion，asinthisstateeverysubjecthasafreewill，andmustconsequentlybeeitherconductedbythelightofhisownmindorbythecapriceoffancy，itnecessarilyfollowsthateveryonemusteitherlookuponallreligionwithindifference，bywhichmeanstheyareledtoembracetheestablishedreligion，ortheymustbezealousforreligioningeneral，bywhichmeansthenumberofsectsisincreased。
Itisnotimpossiblebutthatinthisnationtheremaybemenofnoreligion，whowouldnot，however，beartobeobligedtochangethatwhichtheywouldchoose，iftheycaredtochooseany；fortheywouldimmediatelyperceivethattheirlivesandfortunesarenotmorepeculiarlytheirsthantheirmannerofthinking，andthatwhoeverwoulddeprivethemoftheonemightevenwithbetterreasontakeawaytheother。
If，amongthedifferentreligions，thereisonethathasbeenattemptedtobeestablishedbymethodsofslavery，itmusttherebeodious；
becauseaswejudgeofthingsbytheappendageswejoinwiththem，itcouldneverpresentitselftothemindinconjunctionwiththeid
