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27。Ibid。,ii,45-67。
28。Ibid。,iii,159。
29。Ibid。,v,21。
30。Stewart’sWorks,ii,165-93;iii,81-97。Schopenhauer(TheWorldasWillandIdea,ii,240)admiresReid’steachinguponthispoint,andrecommendsusnot’towasteanhouroverthescribblingsofthisshallowwriter’(Stewart)。
31。Rosmini’sOriginofIdeas(Englishtranslation)i,96-176。
32。Ibid。,i,147n。
33。Stewart’sWorks,iv,29,35,35,38,andv,149-88。
34。Ibid。,ii,97,etc。andiii。235,289,417。
35。Works,vii,13-34。
36。Ibid。,vii,26,etc。
37。Works,iv,265。
38。Ibid。,ii,52。
39。Ibid。,v,10。
40。Works,ii,155。
41。Ibid。,ii,337。
42。Works,vi,46;vii,11。
43。Ibid。,vii,46。
44。Ibid。,i,357。
45。Works,vi,320。
46。Ibid。,vi,279。
47。Ibid。,vi,297。
48。Works,vi,295。Cf。v,83。
49。Ibid。,vi,298-99。
50。Ibid。,v,84。
51。InWorks,vi,205-6,hequotesDumont’sBentham;buthisgeneralsilenceisthemoresignificant,asinthelecturesonPoliticalEconomyhemakesfrequentandapprovingreferencestoBentham’stractuponusury。
52。Works,vii,236-38。
53。Ibid。,vi,221。
54。Works,vi,213。
55。Ibid。,vi,199。
56。Works,vi,111。
57。Works,vi,117-18。IhavegivensomedetailsastoStewarts’ssuffereingunderanEnglishproselyteofKantinmyStudiesofaBiographer。
CHAPTERV
BENTHAM’SLIFE
I。EarlyLifeJeremyBentham,(1*)thepatriarchoftheEnglishUtilitarians,sprangfromtheclassimbuedmostthoroughlywiththetypicalEnglishprejudices。
Hisfirstrecordedancestor,BrianBentham,wasapawnbroker,wholostmoneybythestopoftheExchequerin1672,butwasneitherruined,nor,itwouldseem,alienatedbytheking’sdishonesty。Heleftsomethousandstohisson,Jeremiah,anattorneyandastrongJacobite。AsecondJeremiah,born2ndDecember1712,carriedonhisfather’sbusiness,andthoughhisclientswerenotnumerous,increasedhisfortunebyjudiciousinvestmentsinhousesandlands。AlthoughbroughtupinJacobiteprinciples,hetransferredhisattachmenttotheHanoveriandynastywhenarelationofhiswifemarriedavaletofGeorgeII。Thewife,AliciaGrove,wasdaughterofatradesmanwhohadmadeasmallcompetenceatAndover。JeremiahBenthamhadfalleninlovewithheratfirstsight,andwiselygaveupforhersakeamatchwithafortuneof£;10,000。Thecouplewerefondlyattachedtoeachotherandtotheirchildren。Themarriagetookplacetowardstheendof1744,andtheeldestson,Jeremy,wasborninRedLionStreet,Houndsditch,4thFebruary1747-48
(o。s。)TheonlyotherchildwhogrewupwasSamuel,afterwardsSirSamuelBentham,born11thJanuary1757。Wheneightyyearsold,Jeremygaveanecdotesofhisinfancytohisbiographer,Bowring,whosaysthattheiraccuracywasconfirmedbycontemporarydocuments,andprovedhismemorytobeaswonderfulashisprecocity。Althoughthechildwasphysicallypuny,hisintellectualdevelopmentwasamazing。Beforehewastwoheburstintotearsatthesightofhismother’schagrinuponhis