Jeremy Bentham

第24章

27。Ibid。,ii,45-67。

28。Ibid。,iii,159。

29。Ibid。,v,21。

30。Stewart’sWorks,ii,165-93;iii,81-97。Schopenhauer(TheWorldasWillandIdea,ii,240)admiresReid’steachinguponthispoint,andrecommendsusnot’towasteanhouroverthescribblingsofthisshallowwriter’(Stewart)。

31。Rosmini’sOriginofIdeas(Englishtranslation)i,96-176。

32。Ibid。,i,147n。

33。Stewart’sWorks,iv,29,35,35,38,andv,149-88。

34。Ibid。,ii,97,etc。andiii。235,289,417。

35。Works,vii,13-34。

36。Ibid。,vii,26,etc。

37。Works,iv,265。

38。Ibid。,ii,52。

39。Ibid。,v,10。

40。Works,ii,155。

41。Ibid。,ii,337。

42。Works,vi,46;vii,11。

43。Ibid。,vii,46。

44。Ibid。,i,357。

45。Works,vi,320。

46。Ibid。,vi,279。

47。Ibid。,vi,297。

48。Works,vi,295。Cf。v,83。

49。Ibid。,vi,298-99。

50。Ibid。,v,84。

51。InWorks,vi,205-6,hequotesDumont’sBentham;buthisgeneralsilenceisthemoresignificant,asinthelecturesonPoliticalEconomyhemakesfrequentandapprovingreferencestoBentham’stractuponusury。

52。Works,vii,236-38。

53。Ibid。,vi,221。

54。Works,vi,213。

55。Ibid。,vi,199。

56。Works,vi,111。

57。Works,vi,117-18。IhavegivensomedetailsastoStewarts’ssuffereingunderanEnglishproselyteofKantinmyStudiesofaBiographer。

CHAPTERV

BENTHAM’SLIFE

I。EarlyLifeJeremyBentham,(1*)thepatriarchoftheEnglishUtilitarians,sprangfromtheclassimbuedmostthoroughlywiththetypicalEnglishprejudices。

Hisfirstrecordedancestor,BrianBentham,wasapawnbroker,wholostmoneybythestopoftheExchequerin1672,butwasneitherruined,nor,itwouldseem,alienatedbytheking’sdishonesty。Heleftsomethousandstohisson,Jeremiah,anattorneyandastrongJacobite。AsecondJeremiah,born2ndDecember1712,carriedonhisfather’sbusiness,andthoughhisclientswerenotnumerous,increasedhisfortunebyjudiciousinvestmentsinhousesandlands。AlthoughbroughtupinJacobiteprinciples,hetransferredhisattachmenttotheHanoveriandynastywhenarelationofhiswifemarriedavaletofGeorgeII。Thewife,AliciaGrove,wasdaughterofatradesmanwhohadmadeasmallcompetenceatAndover。JeremiahBenthamhadfalleninlovewithheratfirstsight,andwiselygaveupforhersakeamatchwithafortuneof£;10,000。Thecouplewerefondlyattachedtoeachotherandtotheirchildren。Themarriagetookplacetowardstheendof1744,andtheeldestson,Jeremy,wasborninRedLionStreet,Houndsditch,4thFebruary1747-48

(o。s。)TheonlyotherchildwhogrewupwasSamuel,afterwardsSirSamuelBentham,born11thJanuary1757。Wheneightyyearsold,Jeremygaveanecdotesofhisinfancytohisbiographer,Bowring,whosaysthattheiraccuracywasconfirmedbycontemporarydocuments,andprovedhismemorytobeaswonderfulashisprecocity。Althoughthechildwasphysicallypuny,hisintellectualdevelopmentwasamazing。Beforehewastwoheburstintotearsatthesightofhismother’schagrinuponhis

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