下载辰思小说免费APP
Stewartconsidershimselftobeaninductivephilosopherappealingfranklytoexperienceandreason；andwasinpracticeamanofthoroughlyliberalandgenerousfeelings。Hewasheartilyinfavourofprogressasheunderstoodit。Onlyhewillnotsacrificecommonsense；thatistosay，thebeliefswhichareinfactprevalentandcongenialtoexistinginstitutions。Commonsense，ofcourse，condemnsextremes：andiflogicseemstobepushingamantowardsscepticisminphilosophyorrevolutioninpractice，hecanalwaysprotestbytheconvenientdeviceofintuitions。
IhavegonesofarinordertoillustratethenatureofthesystemwhichtheUtilitarianstooktobetheantithesisoftheirown。ItmaybefinallyremarkedthatatpresentbothsideswereequallyignorantofcontemporarydevelopmentsofGermanthought。WhenStewartbecameawarethattherewassuchathingasKant’sphilosophy，hetriedtoreaditinaLatinversion。
Parr，Imayobserve，apparentlydidnotknowofthisversion，andgaveupthetaskofreadingGerman。Stewart’sexamplewasnotencouraging。Hehadabandonedthe’undertakingindespair’partlyfromthescholasticbarbarismofthestyle，partly’myutterinabilitytocomprehendtheauthor’smeaning。’
HerecognisessimilaritybetweenKantandReid，butthinksReid’ssimplestatementofthefactthatspacecannotbederivedfromthesensesmorephilosophicalthanKant’s’superstructureoftechnicalmystery。’(57*)
IhavedweltuponthesideinwhichStewart’sphilosophyapproximatestotheempiricalschool，becausetheUtilitarianswereapttomisconceivetheposition。TheytookStewarttobetheadequaterepresentativeofallwhoacceptedonebranchofaninevitabledilemma。Theacceptanceof’intuitions，’
thatis，wastheonlyalternativetothorough-goingacceptanceof’experience。’
Theysupposed，too，thatpersonsvaguelydescribedas’KantandtheGermans’
taughtsimplyamodificationofthe’intuitionist’view。IhavenoticedhowemphaticallyStewartclaimedtorelyuponexperienceandtobasehisphilosophyuponinductivepsychology，andwassofaradmittingthefirstprinciplesandthegeneralmethodsofhisopponents。TheScottishphilosophy，however，naturallypresenteditselfasanantagonisticforcetotheUtilitarians。
The’intuitions’representedtheultimategroundtaken，especiallyinreligiousandethicalquestions，bymenwhowishedtobeatonceliberalphilosophersandyettoavoidrevolutionaryextremes。’Intuitions’hadinanycaseanegativevalue，asprotestsagainstthesufficiencyoftheempiricalanalysis。Itmightbequitetrue，forexample，thatHume’sanalysisofcertainprimarymentalphenomena——ofourbeliefintheexternalworldoroftherelationofcauseandeffect——wasradicallyinsufficient。Hehadnotgivenanadequateexplanationofthefacts。Therecognitionoftheinsufficiencyofhisreasoningwashighlyimportantifonlyasastimulustoinquiry。ItwasawarningtohisandtoHartley’sfollowersthattheyhadnotthoroughlyunravelledtheperplexitybutonlycuttheknot。Butwhentheinsufficiencyoftheexplanat
