下载辰思小说免费APP
thereneitherisnoreverwillbeahigher，orbetter，ormorescientificprinciplethanthisfortheattainmentofsalvationandvictoryinwar。Andweoughtintimeofpeacefromyouthupwardstopractisethishabitofcommandingothers，andofbeingcommandedbyothers；anarchyshouldhavenoplaceinthelifeofmanorofthebeastswhoaresubjecttoman。Imayaddthatalldancesoughttobeperformedwithviewtomilitaryexcellence；andagilityandeaseshouldbecultivatedforthesameobject，andalsoenduranceofthewantofmeatsanddrinks，andofwintercoldandsummerheat，andofhardcouches；and，aboveall，careshouldbetakennottodestroythepeculiarqualitiesoftheheadandthefeetbysurroundingthemwithextraneouscoverings，andsohinderingtheirnaturalgrowthofhairandsoles。Forthesearetheextremities，andofallthepartsofthebody，whethertheyarepreservedornotisofthegreatestconsequence；theoneistheservantofthewholebody，andtheotherthemaster，inwhomalltherulingsensesarebynatureset。Lettheyoungmanimaginethathehearsinwhathasprecededthepraisesofthemilitarylife；thelawshallbeasfollows：-Heshallserveinwarwhoisontherollorappointedtosomespecialservice，andifanyoneisabsentfromcowardice，andwithouttheleaveofthegenerals；heshallbeindictedbeforethemilitarycommandersforfailureofservicewhenthearmycomeshome；andthesoldiersshallbehisjudges；theheavyarmed，andthecavalry，andtheotherarmsoftheserviceshallformseparatecourts；andtheyshallbringtheheavy-armedbeforetheheavy-armed，andthehorsemenbeforethehorsemen，andtheothersinlikemannerbeforetheirpeers；andhewhoisfoundguiltyshallneverbeallowedtocompeteforanyprizeofvalour，orindictanotherfornotservingonanexpedition，orbeanaccuseratallinanymilitarymatters。Moreover，thecourtshallfurtherdeterminewhatpunishmentheshallsuffer，orwhatpenaltyheshallpay。Whenthesuitsforfailureofservicearecompleted，theleadersoftheseveralkindsoftroopsshallagainholdanassembly，andtheyshalladjudgetheprizesofvalour；andhewholikesshallgivejudgmentinhisownbranchoftheservice，sayingnothingaboutanyformerexpedition，norproducinganyprooforwitnessestoconfirmhisstatement，butspeakingonlyofthepresentoccasion。Thecrownofvictoryshallbeanolivewreathwhichthevictorshallofferupthetempleofanywar-godwhomhelikes，addinganinscriptionforatestimonytolastduringlife，thatsuchanonehasreceivedthefirst，thesecond，orprize。Ifanyonegoesonanexpedition，andreturnshomebeforetheappointedtime，whenthegenerals。havenotwithdrawnthearmy，beshallbeindictedfordesertionbeforethesamepersonswhotookcognisanceoffailureofservice，andifhebefoundguilty，thesamepunishmentshallbeinflictedonhim。
Noweverymanwhoisengagedinanysuitoughttobeverycarefulofbringingfalsewitnessagainstanyone，eitherintentionallyorunintentionally，ifhecanhelp；forjusticeistrulysaidtobeanhonourablemaiden，andfalsehoodisnaturallyrepugnanttohonourandjustice。Awitnessoughttobeverycarefulnottosiftagainstjustice，asforexampleinwhatrelatestothethrowingawayofarms-hemustdistinguishthethrowingthemawaywhennecessary，andnotmakethatareproach，orbringinactionagainstsomeinnocentpersononthataccount。Tomakethedistinctionmaybedifficult；butstillthelawmustattempttodefinethedifferentkindsinsomeway。Letmeendeavourtoexplainmymeaningbyanancienttale：-IfPatroclushadbeenbroughttothetentstillalivebutwithouthisarms(andthishashappenedtoinnumerablepersons)，theoriginalarms，whichthepoetsayswerepresentedtoPeleusbytheGodsasanuptialgiftwhenhemarried。Thetis，remaininginthehandsofHector，thenthebasespiritsofthatdaymighthavereproachedthesonofMenoetiuswithhavingcastawayhisarms。Again，thereisthecaseofthosewhohavebeenthrowndownprecipicesandlosttheirarms；andofthosewhoatsea，andinstormyplaces，havebeensuddenlyoverwhelmedbyfloodsofwater；andtherearenumberlessthingsofthiskindwhichonemightadducebywayofextenuation，andwiththeviewofjustifyingamisfortunewhichiseasilymisrepresented。Wemust，therefore，endeavourtodividetothebestofourpowerthegreaterandmoreseriousevilfromthelesser。Andadistinctionmaybedrawnintheuseoftermsofreproach。Amandoesnotalwaysdeservetobecalledthethrowerawayofhisshield；hemaybeonlytheloserofhisarms。Forthereisagreatorratherabsolutedifferencebetweenhimwhoisdeprivedofhisarmsbyasufficientforce，andhimwhovoluntarilyletshisshieldgo。Letthelawthenbeasfollows：-Ifapersonhavingarmsisovertakenbytheenemyanddoesnotturnroundanddefendhimself，butletsthemgovoluntarilyorthrowsthemaway，choosingabaselifeandaswiftescaperatherthanacourageousandnobleandblesseddeath-insuchacaseofthethrowingawayofarmsletjusticebedone，butthejudgeneedtakenonoteofthecasejustnowmentioned；forthebadmanoughtalwaystobepunished，inthehopethathemaybeimproved，butnottheunfortunate，forthereisnoadvantageinthat。Andwhatshallbethepunishmentsuitedtohimwhohasthrownawayhisweaponsofdefence？TraditionsaysthatCaeneus，theThessalian，waschangedbyaGodfromawomanintoaman；buttheconversemiraclecannotnowbewrought，ornopunishmentwouldbemoreproperthanthatthemanwhothrowsawayhisshieldshouldbechangedintoawoman。Thishoweverisimpossible，a
