LAWS

第39章

Ath。ShallItryandfindsomesortofpersuasiveargumentwhichwillprovetoyouthatsuchenactmentsarepossible,andnotbeyondhumannature?

Cle。Byallmeans。

Ath。Isamanmorelikelytoabstainfromthepleasuresofloveandtodowhatheisbiddenaboutthem,whenhisbodyisinagoodcondition,orwhenheisinanillcondition,andoutoftraining?

Cle。Hewillbefarmoretemperatewhenheisintraining。

Ath。AndhavewenotheardofIccusofTarentum,who,withaviewtotheOlympicandothercontests,inhiszealforhisart,indalsobecausehewasofamanlyandtemperatedisposition,neverhadanyconnectionwithawomanorayouthduringthewholetimeofhistraining?AndthesameissaidofCrisonandAstylusandDiopompusandmanyothers;andyet,Cleinias,theywerefarworseeducatedintheirmindsthanyourandmycitizens,andintheirbodiesfarmorelusty。

Cle。Nodoubtthisfacthasbeenoftenaffirmedpositivelybytheancientsoftheseathletes。

Ath。Andhadthey;couragetoabstainfromwhatisordinarillydeemedapleasureforthesakeofavictoryinwrestling,running,andthelike;andshallouryoungmenbeincapableofasimilarenduranceforthesakeofamuchnoblervictory,whichisthenoblestofall,asfromtheiryouthupwardswewilltellthem,charmingthem,aswehope,intothebeliefofthisbytalesandsayingsandsongs?

Cle。Ofwhatvictoryareyouspeaking?

Ath。Ofthevictoryoverpleasure,whichiftheywin,theywilllivehappily;oriftheyareconquered,thereverseofhappily。And,further,maywenotsupposethatthefearofimpietywillenablethemtomasterthatwhichotherinferiorpeoplehavemastered?

Cle。Idaresay。

Ath。Andsincewehavereachedthispointinourlegislation,andhavefallenintoadifficultybyreasonofthevicesofmankind,I

affirmthatourordinanceshouldsimplyruninthefollowingterms:

Ourcitizensoughtnottofallbelowthenatureofbirdsandbeastsingeneral,whoareborningreatmultitudes,andyetremainuntiltheageforprocreationvirginandunmarried,butwhentheyhavereachedthepropertimeoflifearecoupled,maleandfemale,andlovinglypairtogether,andlivetherestoftheirlivesinholinessandinnocence,abidingfirmlyintheiroriginalcompact:-surely,wewillsaytothem,youshouldbebetterthantheanimals。ButiftheyarecorruptedbytheotherHellenesandthecommonpracticeofbarbarians,andtheyseewiththeireyesandhearwiththeirearsoftheso-calledfreeloveeverywhereprevailingamongthem,andtheythemselvesarenotabletogetthebetterofthetemptation,theguardiansofthelaw,exercisingthefunctionsoflawgivers,shalldeviseasecondlawagainstthem。

Cle。Andwhatlawwouldyouadvisethemtopassifthisonefailed?

Ath。Clearly,Cleinias,theonewhichwouldnaturallyfollow。

Cle。Whatisthat?

Ath。Ourcitizensshouldnotallowpleasurestostrengthenwithindulgence,butshouldbytoildivertthealimentandexuberanceofthemintootherpartsofthebody;andthiswillhappenifnoimmodestybeallowedinthepracticeoflove。Thentheywillbeashamedoffrequentintercourse,andtheywillfindpleasure,ifseldomenjoyed,tobealessimperiousmistress。Theyshouldnotbefoundoutdoinganythingofthesort。Concealmentshallbehonourable,andsanctionedbycustomandmadelawbyunwrittenprescription;ontheotherhand,tobedetectedshallbeesteemeddishonourable,butnot,toabstainwholly。Inthiswaytherewillbeasecondlegalstandardofhonourableanddishonourable,involvingasecondnotionofright。Threeprincipleswillcomprehendallthosecorruptnatureswhomwecallinferiortothemselves,andwhoformbutonedass,andwillcompelthemnottotransgress。

Cle。Whatarethey?

Ath。Theprincipleofpiety,theloveofhonour,andthedesireofbeauty,notinthebodybutinthesoul。Theseare,perhaps,romanticaspirations;buttheyarethenoblestofaspirations,iftheycouldonlyberealizedinallstates,and,Godwilling,inthematteroflovewemaybeabletoenforceoneoftwothings-eitherthatnooneshallventuretotouchanypersonofthefreebornornobleclassexcepthisweddedwife,orso

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