下载辰思小说免费APP
andthehomicidesshallabidebytheirjudgment。Butifaftertheyhavereturnedhome,anyoneoftheminamomentofangerrepeatsthedeed,lethimbeanexile,andreturnnomore;orifhereturns,lethimsufferasthestrangerwastosufferinasimilarcase。Hewhokillshisownslaveshallundergoapurification,butifhekillstheslaveofanotherinanger,heshallpaytwicetheamountofthelosstohisowner。Andifanyhomicideisdisobedienttothelaw,andwithoutpurificationpollutestheagora,orthegames,orthetemples,hewhopleasesmaybringtotrialthenextofkintothedeadmanforpermittinghim,andthemurdererwithhim,andmaycompeltheonetoexactandtheothertosufferadoubleamountoffinesandpurifications;andtheaccusershallhimselfreceivethefineinaccordancewiththelaw。Ifaslaveinafitofpassionkillshismaster,thekindredofthedeceasedmanmaydowiththemurderer(providedonlytheydonotsparehislife)whatevertheyplease,andtheywillbepure;orifhekillsafreeman,whoisnothismaster,theownershallgiveuptheslavetotherelativesofthedeceased,andtheyshallbeunderanobligationtoputhimtodeath,butthismaybedoneinanymannerwhichtheyplease。
Andif(whichisarareoccurrence,butdoessometimeshappen)afatheroramotherinamomentofpassionslaysasonordaughterbyblows,orsomeotherviolence,theslayershallundergothesamepurificationasinothercases,andbeexiledduringthreeyears;
butwhentheexilereturnsthewifeshallseparatefromthehusband,andthehusbandfromthewife,andtheyshallneverafterwardsbegetchildrentogether,orliveunderthesameroof,orpartakeofthesamesacredriteswiththosewhomtheyhavedeprivedofachildorofabrother。Andhewhoisimpiousanddisobedientinsuchacaseshallbebroughttotrialforimpietybyanyonewhopleases。Ifinafitofangerahusbandkillshisweddedwife,orthewifeherhusband,theslayershallundergothesamepurification,andthetermofexileshallbethreeyears。Andwhenhewhohascommittedanysuchcrimereturns,lethimhavenocommunicationinsacredriteswithhischildren,neitherlethimsitatthesametablewiththem,andthefatherorsonwhodisobeysshallbeliabletobebroughttotrialforimpietybyanyonewhopleases。Ifabrotherorasisterinafitofpassionkillsabrotherorasister,theyshallundergopurificationandexile,aswasthecasewithparentswhokilledtheiroffspring:theyshallnotcomeunderthesameroof,orshareinthesacredritesofthosewhomtheyhavedeprivedoftheirbrethren,oroftheirchildren。
Andhewhoisdisobedientshallbejustlyliabletothelawconcerningimpiety,whichrelatestothesematters。Ifanyoneissoviolentinhispassionagainsthisparents,thatinthemadnessofhisangerhedarestokilloneofthem,ifthemurderedpersonbeforedyingfreelyforgivesthemurderer,lethimundergothepurificationwhichisassignedtothosewhohavebeenguiltyofinvoluntaryhomicide,anddoastheydo,andheshallbepure。Butifhebenotacquitted,theperpetratorofsuchadeedshallbeamenabletomanylaws;-heshallbeamenabletotheextremepunishmentsforassault,andimpiety,androbbingoftemples,forhehasrobbedhisparentoflife;
andifamancouldbeslainmorethanonce,mostjustlywouldhewhoinafitofpassionhasslainfatherormother,undergomanydeaths。
Howcanhe,whom,aloneofallmen,evenindefenceofhislife,andwhenabouttosufferdeathatthehandsofhisparents,nolawwillallowtokillhisfatherorhismotherwhoaretheauthorsofhisbeing,andwhomthelegislatorwillcommandtoendureanyextremityratherthandothis-howcanhe,Isay,lawfullyreceiveanyotherpunishment?Letdeaththenbetheappointedpunishmentofhimwhoinafitofpassionslayshisfatherorhismother。Butifbrotherkillsbrotherinacivilbroil,orunderotherlikecircumstances,iftheotherhasbegun,andheonlydefendshimself,lethimbefreefromguilt,ashewouldbeifhehadslainanenemy;andthesamerulewillapplyifacitizenkillacitizen,orastrangerastranger。Orifastrangerkillacitizenoracitizenastrangerinself-defence,lethimbefreefromguiltinlikemanner;andsointhecaseofaslavewhohaskilledaslave;butifaslavehavekilledafreemaninself-defence,lethimbesubjecttothesamelawashewhohaskilledafather;andletthelawabouttheremissionofpenaltiesinthecaseofparricideapplyequallytoeveryotherremission。Wheneveranysuffererofhisownaccordremitstheguiltofhomicidetoanother,undertheideathathisactwasinvoluntary,lettheperpetratorofthedeedundergoapurificationandremaininexileforayear,accordingtolaw。
Enoughhasbeensaidofmurdersviolentandinvoluntaryandcommittedinpassion:wehavenowtospeakofvoluntarycrimesdonewithinjusticeofeverykindandwithpremeditation,throughtheinfluenceofpleasures,anddesires,andjealousies。
Cle。Verygood。
Ath。Letusfirstspeak,asfarasweareable,oftheirvariouskinds。Thegreatestcauseofthemislust,whichgetsthemasteryofthesoulmaddenedbydesire;andthisismostcommonlyfoundtoexistwherethepassionreignswhichisstrongestandmostprevalentamongmassofmankind:Imeanwherethepowerofwealthbreedsendlessdesiresofnever-to-be-satisfiedacquisition,originatin