下载辰思小说免费APP
Ath。Thenastounjusthurts(andgainsalso，supposingtheinjusticetobringgain)，ofthesewemayhealasmanyasarecapableofbeinghealed，regardingthemasdiseasesofthesoul；andthecureofinjusticewilltakethefollowingdirection。
Cle。Whatdirection？
Ath。Whenanyonecommitsanyinjustice，smallorgreat，thelawwilladmonishandcompelhimeitherneveratalltodothelikeagain，ornevervoluntarily，oratanyrateinafarlessdegree；andhemustinadditionpayforthehurt。Whethertheendistobeattainedbywordoraction，withpleasureorpain，bygivingortakingawayprivileges，bymeansoffinesorgifts，orinwhatsoeverwaythelawshallproceedtomakeamanhateinjustice，andloveornothatethenatureofthejust-thisisquitethenoblestworkoflaw。Butifthelegislatorseesanyonewhoisincurable，forhimhewillappointalawandapenalty。Heknowsquitewellthattosuchmenthemselvesthereisnoprofitinthecontinuanceoftheirlives，andthattheywoulddoadoublegoodtotherestofmankindiftheywouldtaketheirdeparture，inasmuchastheywouldbeanexampletoothermennottooffend，andtheywouldrelievethecityofbadcitizens。Insuchcases，andinsuchcasesonly，thelegislatoroughttoinflictdeathasthepunishmentofoffences。
Cle。Whatyouhavesaidappearstometobeveryreasonable，butwillyoufavourmebystatingalittlemoreclearlythedifferencebetweenhurtandinjustice，andthevariouscomplicationsofthevoluntaryandinvoluntarywhichenterintothem？
Ath。Iwillendeavourtodoasyouwish：-Concerningthesoul，thusmuchwouldbegenerallysaidandallowed，thatoneelementinhernatureispassion，whichmaybedescribedeitherasastateorapartofher，andishardtobestrivenagainstandcontendedwith，andbyirrationalforceoverturnsmanythings。
Cle。Verytrue。
Ath。Andpleasureisnotthesamewithpassion，buthasanoppositepower，workingherwillbypersuasionandbytheforceofdeceitinallthings。
Cle。Quitetrue。
Ath。Amanmaytrulysaythatignoranceisathirdcauseofcrimes。Ignorance，however，maybeconvenientlydividedbythelegislatorintotwosorts：thereissimpleignorance，whichisthesourceoflighteroffences，anddoubleignorance，whichisaccompaniedbyaconceitofwisdom；andhewhoisundertheinfluenceofthelatterfanciesthatheknowsallaboutmattersofwhichheknowsnothing。Thissecondkindofignorance，whenpossessedofpowerandstrength，willbeheldbythelegislatortobethesourceofgreatandmonstroustimes，butwhenattendedwithweakness，willonlyresultintheerrorsofchildrenandoldmen；andthesehewilltreataserrors，andwillmakelawsaccordinglyforthosewhocommitthem，whichwillbethemildestandmostmercifulofalllaws。
Cle。Youareperfectlyright。
Ath。Weallofusremarkofonemanthatheissuperiortopleasureandpassion，andofanotherthatheisinferiortothem；
andthisistrue。
Cle。Certainly。
Ath。Butnoonewaseveryetheardtosaythatoneofusissuperiorandanotherinferiortoignorance。
Cle。Verytrue。
Ath。Wearespeakingofmotiveswhichincitementothefulfilmentoftheirwill；althoughanindividualmaybeoftendrawnbytheminoppositedirectionsatthesametime。
Cle。Yes，often。
Ath。AndnowIcandefinetoyouclearly，andwithoutambiguity，whatImeanbythejustandunjust，accordingtomynotionofthem：-Whenangerandfear，andpleasureandpain，andjealousiesanddesires，tyrannizeoverthesoul，whethertheydoanyharmornot-I
callallthisinjustice。Butwhentheopinionofthebest，inwhateverpartofhumannaturestatesorindividualsmaysupposethattodwell，hasdominioninthesoulandordersthelifeofeveryman，evenifitbesometimesmistaken，yetwhatisdoneinaccordancetherewith，theprincipleinindividualswhichobeysthisrule，andisbestforthewholelifeofman，istobecalledjust；althoughthehurtdonebymistakeisthoughtbymanytobeinvoluntaryinjustice。Leavingthequestionofnames，aboutwhichwearenotgoingtoquarrel，andhavingalreadydelineatedthreesourcesoferror，wemaybeginbyrecallingthemsomewhatmorevividlytoourmemory：-Oneofthemwasofthepainfulsort，whichwedenominateangerandfear。
Cle。Quiteright。
Ath。Therewasasecondconsistingofpleasuresanddesires，andathirdofhopes，whichaimedattrueopinionaboutthebest。Thelatterbeingsubdividedintothree，wenowgetfives
