LAWS

第51章

Cle。Certainlynot:norissuchanotiontobeendured,andhewhoholdsthisopinionmaybefairlysingledoutandcharacterizedasofallimpiousmenthewickedestandmostimpious。

Ath。Thenarethethreeassertions-thattheGodsexist,andthattheytakecareofmen,andthattheycanneverbepersuadedtodoinjustice,nowsufficientlydemonstrated?Maywesaythattheyare?

Cle。Youhaveourentireassenttoyourwords。

Ath。IhavespokenwithvehemencebecauseIamzealousagainstevilmen;andIwilltelldearCleinias,whyIamso。Iwouldnothavethewickedthinkthat,havingthesuperiorityinargument,theymaydoastheypleaseandactaccordingtotheirvariousimaginationsabouttheGods;andthiszealhasledmetospeaktoovehemently;butifwehaveatallsucceededinpersuadingthementohatethemselvesandlovetheiropposites,thepreludeofourlawsaboutimpietywillnothavebeenspokeninvain。

Cle。Soletushope;andevenifwehavefailed,thestyleofourargumentwillnotdiscreditthelawgiver。

Ath。Afterthepreludeshallfollowadiscourse,whichwillbetheinterpreterofthelaw;thisshallproclaimtoallimpiouspersons:-thattheymustdepartfromtheirwaysandgoovertothepious。Andtothosewhodisobey,letthelawaboutimpietybeasfollows:-Ifamanisguiltyofanyimpietyinwordordeed,anyonewhohappenstopresentshallgiveinformationtothemagistrates,inaidofthelaw;andletthemagistrateswho。firstreceivetheinformationbringhimbeforetheappointedcourtaccordingtothelaw;

andifamagistrate,afterreceivinginformation,refusestoact,heshallbetriedforimpietyattheinstanceofanyonewhoiswillingtovindicatethelaws;andifanyonebecast,thecourtshallestimatethepunishmentofeachactofimpiety;andletallsuchcriminalsbeimprisoned。Thereshallbethreeprisonsinthestate:

thefirstofthemistobethecommonprisonintheneighbourhoodoftheagoraforthesafe-keepingofthegeneralityofoffenders;anotheristobeintheneighbourhoodofthenocturnalcouncil,andistobecalledthe“HouseofReformation“;another,tobesituatedinsomewildanddesolateregioninthecentreofthecountry,shallbecalledbysomenameexpressiveofretribution。Now,menfallintoimpietyfromthreecauses,whichhavebeenalreadymentioned,andfromeachofthesecausesarisetwosortsofimpiety,inallsix,whichareworthdistinguishing,andshouldnotallhavethesamepunishment。ForhewhodoesnotbelieveinGods,andyethasarighteousnature,hatesthewickedanddislikesandrefusestodoinjustice,andavoidsunrighteousmen,andlovestherighteous。ButtheywhobesidesbelievingthattheworldisdevoidofGodsareintemperate,andhaveatthesametimegoodmemoriesandquickwits,areworse;althoughbothofthemareunbelievers,muchlessinjuryisdonebytheonethanbytheother。TheonemaytalklooselyabouttheGodsandaboutsacrificesandoaths,andperhapsbylaughingatothermenhemaymakethemlikehimself,ifhebenotpunished。Buttheotherwhoholdsthesameopinionsandiscalledacleverman,isfullofstratagemanddeceit-menofthisclassdealinprophecyandjuggleryofallkinds,andoutoftheirrankssometimescometyrantsanddemagoguesandgeneralsandhierophantsofprivatemysteriesandtheSophists,astheyaretermed,withtheiringeniousdevices。Therearemanykindsofunbelievers,buttwoonlyforwhomlegislationisrequired;onethehypocriticalsort,whosecrimeisdeservingofdeathmanytimesover,whiletheotherneedsonlybondsandadmonition。InlikemanneralsothenotionthattheGodstakenothoughtofmenproducestwoothersortsofcrimes,andthenotionthattheymaybepropitiatedproducestwomore。Assumingthesedivisions,letthosewhohavebeenmadewhattheyareonlyfromwantofunderstanding,andnotfrommaliceoranevilnature,beplacedbythejudgeintheHouseofReformation,andorderedtosufferimprisonmentduringaperiodofnotlessthanfiveyears。Andinthemeantimeletthemhavenointercoursewiththeothercitizens,exceptwithmembersofthenocturnalcouncil,andwiththemletthemconversewithaviewtotheimprovementoftheirsoul’shealth。Andwhenthetimeoftheirimprisonmenthasexpired,ifanyofthembeofsoundmindlethimberestoredtosanecompany,butifnot,andifhebecondemnedasecondtime,lethimbepunishedwithdeath。AstothatclassofmonstrousnatureswhonotonlybelievethattherearenoGods,orthattheyarenegligent,ortobepropitiated,butincontemptofmankindconjurethesoulsofthelivingandsaythattheycanconjurethedeadandpromisetocharmtheGodswithsacrificesandprayers,andwillutterlyoverthrowindividualsandwholehousesandstatesforthesakeofmoney-lethimwhoisguiltyofanyofthesethingsbecondemnedbythecourttobeboundaccordingtolawintheprisonwhichisinthecentreoftheland,andletnofreemaneverapproachhim,butlethimreceivetherationsoffoodappointedbytheguardiansofthelawfromthehandsofthepublicslaves;andwhenheisdeadlethimbecastbeyondthebordersunburied,andifanyfreemanassistinburyinghim,lethimpaythepenaltyofimpietytoanyonewhoiswillingtobringasuitagainsthim。Butifheleavesbehindhimchildrenwhoarefittobecitizens,lettheguardiansoforphanstakecareofthem,justastheywouldofanyotherorphans,fromthedayonwhichtheirfatherisconvicted。

Inallthesecasesthereshouldbeonelaw,whichwillmakemeningenerallessliabletotransgressinwordordeed,andlessfoolish,becausetheywillnotbeallowedtopractisereligiousritescontrarytolaw。Andletthisbethesimpleformofthelaw:-Nomanshallhavesacredritesinaprivatehouse。Whenhewouldsacrifice,lethimgotothetemplesandhandoverhisofferingstothepriests

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