LAWS

第38章

Nowwedonotneedmanyhorses,fortheycannotbeofmuchuseinacountrylikeCrete,andhencewenaturallydonottakegreatpainsabouttherearingofthemorabouthorseraces。Thereisnoonewhokeepsachariotamongus,andanyrivalryinsuchmatterswouldbealtogetheroutofplace;therewouldbenosensenoranyshadowofsenseininstitutingcontestswhicharenotafterthemannerofourcountry。Andthereforewegiveourprizesforsinglehorses-forcoltswhohavenotyetcasttheirteeth,andforthosewhoareintermediate,andforthefull-grownhorsesthemselves;andthusourequestriangameswillaccordwiththenatureofthecountry。Letthemhaveconflictandrivalryinthesemattersinaccordancewiththelaw,andletthecolonelsandgeneralsofhorsedecidetogetheraboutallcoursesandaboutthearmedcompetitorsinthem。Butwehavenothingtosaytotheunarmedeitheringymnasticexercisesorinthesecontests。Ontheotherhand,theCretanbowmanorjavelin-manwhofightsinarmouronhorsebackisuseful,andthereforewemayaswellplaceacompetitionofthissortamongamusements。Womenarenottobeforcedtocompetebylawsandordinances;butiffromprevioustrainingtheyhaveacquiredthehabitandarestrongenoughandliketotakepart,letthemdoso,girlsaswellasboys,andnoblametothem。

Thusthecompetitioningymnasticandthemodeoflearningithavebeendescribed;andwehavespokenalsoofthetoilsofthecontest,andofdailyexercisesunderthesuperintendenceofmasters。Likewise,whatrelatestomusichasbeen,forthemostpart,completed。Butastorhapsodesandthelike,andthecontestsofchoruseswhicharetoperformatfeasts,allthisshallbearrangedwhenthemonthsanddaysandyearshavebeenappointedforGodsanddemi-gods,whethereverythirdyear,oragaineveryfifthyear,orinwhateverwayormannertheGodsmayputintomen’smindsthedistributionandorderofthem。Atthesametime,wemayexpectthatthemusicalcontestswillbecelebratedintheirturnbythecommandofthejudgesandthedirectorofeducationandtheguardiansofthelawmeetingtogetherforthispurpose,andthemselvesbecominglegislatorsofthetimesandnatureandconditionsofthechoralcontestsandofdancingingeneral。Whattheyoughtseverallytobeinlanguageandsong,andintheadmixtureofharmonywithrhythmandthedance,hasbeenoftendeclaredbytheoriginallegislator;andhissuccessorsoughttofollowhim,makingthegamesandsacrificesdulytocorrespondatfittingtimes,andappointingpublicfestivals。Itisnotdifficulttodeterminehowtheseandthelikemattersmayhavearegularorder;

nor,again,willthealterationofthemdoanygreatgoodorharmtothestate。Thereis,however,anothermatterofgreatimportanceanddifficulty,concerningwhichGodshouldlegislate,iftherewereanypossibilityofobtainingfromhimanordinanceaboutit。Butseeingthatdivineaidisnottobehad,thereappearstobeaneedofsomeboldmanwhospeciallyhonoursplainnessofspeech,andwillsayoutrightwhathethinksbestforthecityandcitizens-ordainingwhatisgoodandconvenientforthewholestateamidthecorruptionsofhumansouls,opposingthemightiestlusts,andhavingnomanhishelperbuthimselfstandingaloneandfollowingreasononly。

Cle。Whatisthis,Stranger,thatyouaresaying?Forwedonotasyetunderstandyourmeaning。

Ath。Verylikely;Iwillendeavourtoexplainmyselfmoreclearly。

WhenIcametothesubjectofeducation,Ibeheldyoungmenandmaidensholdingfriendlyintercoursewithoneanother。Andtherenaturallyaroseinmymindasortofapprehension-Icouldnothelpthinkinghowoneistodealwithacityinwhichyouthsandmaidensarewellnurtured,andhavenothingtodo,andarenotundergoingtheexcessiveandserviletoilswhichextinguishwantonness,andwhoseonlycaresduringtheirwholelifearesacrificesandfestivalsanddances。How,insuchastateasthis,willtheyabstainfromdesireswhichthrustmanyamanandwomanintoperdition;andfromwhichreason,assumingthefunctionsoflaw,commandsthemt

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