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Butasthecasestands，theconditionoforphanswithusnotdifferentfromthecaseofthosewhohavefather，thoughinregardtohonouranddishonour，andtheattentiongiventothem，thetwoarenotusuallyplaceduponalevel。Wherefore，touchingthelegislationaboutorphans，thelawspeaksinseriousaccents，bothofpersuasionandthreatening，andsuchathreatasthefollowingwillbebynomeansoutofplace：-Hewhoistheguardianofanorphanofeithersex，andheamongtheguardiansofthelawtowhomthesuperintendenceofthisguardianhasbeenassigned，shalllovetheunfortunateorphanasthoughhewerehisownchild，andheshallbeascarefulanddiligentinthemanagementofhispossessionsashewouldbeiftheywerehisown，orevenmorecarefulanddilligent。Leteveryonewhohasthecareofanorphanobservethislaw。Butanyonewhoactscontrarytothelawonthesematters，ifhebeaguardianofthechild，maybefinedbyamagistrate，or，ifhebehimselfamagistrate，theguardianmaybringhimbeforethecourtofselectjudges，andpunishhim，ifconvicted，byexactingafineofdoubletheamountofthatinflictedbythecourt。Andifaguardianappearstotherelationsoftheorphan，ortoanyothercitizen，toactnegligentlyordishonestly，letthembringhimbeforethesamecourt，andwhateverdamagesaregivenagainsthim，lethimpayfourfold，andlethalfbelongtotheorphanandhalftohimwhoprocuredtheconviction。Ifanyorphanarrivesatyearsofdiscretion，andthinksthathehasbeenill-usedbyhisguardians，lethimwithinfiveyearsoftheexpirationoftheguardianshipbeallowedtobringthemtotrial；andifanyofthembeconvicted，thecourtshalldeterminewhatheshallpayorsuffer。Andifmagistrateshallappeartohavewrongedtheorphanbyneglect，andhebeconvicted，letthecourtdeterminewhatheshallsufferorpaytotheorphan，andiftherebedishonestyinadditiontoneglect，besidespayingthefine，lethimbedeposedfromhisofficeofguardianofthelaw，andletthestateappointanotherguardianofthelawforthecityandforthecountryinhisroom。
Greaterdifferencesthanthereoughttobesometimesarisebetweenfathersandsons，ontheparteitheroffatherswhowillbeofopinionthatthelegislatorshouldenactthattheymay，iftheywish，lawfullyrenouncetheirsonbytheproclamationofaheraldinthefaceoftheworld，orofsonswhothinkthattheyshouldbeallowedtoindicttheirfathersonthechargeofimbecilitywhentheyaredisabledbydiseaseoroldage。Thesethingsonlyhappen，asamatteroffact，wherethenaturesofmenareutterlybad；forwhereonlyhalfisbad，as，forexample，ifthefatherbenotbad，butthesonbebad，orconversely，nogreatcalamityistheresultofsuchanamountofhatredasthis。Inanotherstate，asondisownedbyhisfatherwouldnotofnecessityceasetobeacitizen，butinourstate，ofwhichthesearetobethelaws，thedisinheritedmustnecessarilyemigrateintoanothercountry，fornoadditioncanbemadeevenofasinglefamilytothe5040households；and，therefore，hewhodeservestosufferthesethingsmustberenouncednotonlybyhisfather，whoisasingleperson，butbythewholefamily，andwhatisdoneinthesecasesmustberegulatedbysomesuchlawasthefollowing：-Hewhointhesaddisorderofhissoulhasamind，justlyorunjustly，toexpelfromhisfamilyasonwhomhehasbegottenandbroughtup，shallnotlightlyoratonceexecutehispurpose；butfirstofallheshallcollecttogetherhisownkinsmenextendingtocousins，andinlikemannerhisson’skinsmenbythemother’sside，andintheirpresenceheshallaccusehisson，settingforththathedeservesatthehandsofthemalltobedismissedfromthefamily；andthesonshallbeallowedtoaddresstheminasimilarmanner，andshowthathedoesnotdeservetosufferanyofthesethings。Andifthefatherpersuadesthem，andobtainsthesuffragesofmorethanhalfofhiskindred，exclusiveofthefatherandmotherandtheoffenderhimself-Isay，ifheobtainsmorethanhalfthesuffragesofalltheothergrown-upmembersofthefamily，ofbothsexes，thefathershallbepermittedtoputawayhisson，butnototherwise。Andifanyothercitizeniswillingtoadoptthesonwhoisputaway，nolawshallhinderhim；forthecharactersofyoungmenaresubjecttomanychangesinthecourseoftheirlives。Andifhehasbeenputaway，andinaperiodoftenyearsnooneiswillingtoadopthim，letthosewhohavethecareofthesuperabundantpopulationwhichissentoutintocolonies，seetohim，inorderthathemaybesuitablyprovidedforinthecolony。Andifdiseaseorageorharshnessoftemper，orallthesetogether，makesamantobemoreoutofhismindthantherestoftheworldare-butthisisnotobservable，excepttothosewholivewithhim-andhe，beingmasterofhisproperty，istheruinofthehouse，andhissondoubtsandhesitatesaboutindictinghisfatherforinsanity，letthelawinthatcaseor，thatheshallfirstofallgototheeldestguardiansofthelawandtellthemo
