第92章

Theseartificersmustbegroupedtogether，accordingtotheparticularbranchofscienceinwhichtheyneedelementaryandpracticalinstruction；andaspeciallectureorlecturesshouldbepreparedforeachgroup。Andtheselecturesshouldbegivenintheevening，soasnottointerruptthelaborsoftheday。Theschool，particularly，shouldbemaintainedwhollyatthepublicexpense，onthesameprincipleswiththatofthewardschools。Throughthewholeofthecollegiatecourse，atthehoursofrecreationoncertaindays，allthestudentsshouldbetaughtthemanualexercise；militaryevolutionsandman；oeuversshouldbeunderastandingorganizationasamilitarycorps，andwithproperofficerstotrainandcommandthem，Atabularstatementofthisdistributionofthescienceswillplacethesystemofinstructionmoreparticularlyinview：

1storElementaryGradeintheWardSchools。

Reading，Writing，Arithmetic，Geography。

2d，orGeneralGrade。

1。LanguageandHistory，ancientandmodern。

2。Mathematics，viz：Mathematicspure，Physico-Mathematics，Physics，Chemistry，Anatomy，TheoryofMedicine，Zoology，BotanyandMineralogy。|P1352|p1

3。Philosophy，viz：Ideology，andEthics，LawofNatureandNations，Government，PoliticalEconomy。

3d，orProfessionalGrades。

TheologyandEcclesiasticalHistory；Law，MunicipalandForeign；PracticeofMedicine；MateriaMedicaandPharmacy；Surgery；

Architecture，MilitaryandNaval，andProjectiles；TechnicalPhilosophy；RuralEconomy；FineArts。

Onthissurveyofthefieldofscience，Irecurtothequestion，whatportionofitwemarkoutfortheoccupationofourinstitution?Withthefirstgradeofeducationweshallhavenothingtodo。Thesciencesofthesecondgradeareourfirstobject；and，toadaptthemtoourslenderbeginnings，wemustseparatethemintogroups，comprehendingmanyscienceseach，andgreatlymore，inthefirstinstance，thanoughttobeimposedon，orcanbecompetentlyconductedbyasingleprofessorpermanently。Theymustbesubdividedfromtimetotime，asourmeansincrease，untileachprofessorshallhavenomoreunderhiscarethanhecanattendtowithadvantagetohispupilsandeasetohimself。Forthepresent，wemaygroupthesciencesintoprofessorships，asfollows，subject，however，tobechanged，accordingtothequalificationsofthepersonswemaybeabletoengage。

I。Professorship。

LanguagesandHistory，ancientandmodern。

Belles-Lettres，RhetoricandOratory。

II。Professorship。

Mathematicspure，Physico-Mathematics。

Physics，Anatomy，Medicine，Theory。

III。Professorship。

Chemistry，Zoology，Botany，Mineralogy。

IV。Professorship。

Philosophy。

Theorganizationofthebranchoftheinstitutionwhichrespectsitsgovernment，policeandeconomy，dependingonprincipleswhichhavenoaffinitywiththoseofitsinstitution，maybethesubjectofseparateandsubsequentconsideration。

Withthistributeofdutytotheboardoftrustees，acceptassurancesofmygreatesteemandconsideration。

ALIBRARYFORCONGRESS

_ToSamuelH。Smith_

_Monticello，September21，1814_

DEARSIR，——IlearnfromthenewspapersthattheVandalismofourenemyhastriumphedatWashingtonoverscienceaswellasthearts，bythedestructionofthepubliclibrarywiththenobleedificeinwhichitwasdeposited。Ofthistransaction，asofthatofCopenhagen，theworldwillentertainbutonesentiment。Theywillseeanationsuddenlywithdrawnfromagreatwar，fullarmedandfullhanded，takingadvantageofanotherwhomtheyhadrecentlyforcedintoit，unarmed，andunprepared，toindulgethemselvesinactsofbarbarismwhichdonotbelongtoacivilizedage。WhenVanGhentdestroyedtheirshippingatChatham，andDeRuyterrodetriumphantlyuptheThames，hemightinlikemanner，bytheacknowledgmentoftheirownhistorians，haveforcedalltheirshipsuptoLondonbridge，andtherehaveburntthem，thetower，andcity，hadtheseexamplesbeenthenset。London，whenthusmenaced，wasnearathousandyearsold，Washingtonisbutinitsteens。

IpresumeitwillbeamongtheearlyobjectsofCongresstore-commencetheircollection。Thiswillbedifficultwhilethewarcontinues，andintercoursewithEuropeisattendedwithsomuchrisk。

Youknowmycollection，itsconditionandextent。Ihavebeenfiftyyearsmakingit，andhavesparednopains，opportunityorexpense，tomakeitwhatitis。WhileresidinginParis，IdevotedeveryafternoonIwasdisengaged，forasummerortwo，inexaminingalltheprincipalbook-stores，turningovereverybookwithmyownhand，andputtingbyeverythingwhichrelatedtoAmerica，andindeedwhateverwasrareandvaluableineveryscience。Besidesthis，IhadstandingordersduringthewholetimeIwasinEurope，onitsprincipalbook-marts，particularlyAmsterdam，Frankfort，Madridan