第81章

Amongthatsectionofourcitizenscalledfederalists，therearethreeshadesofopinion。Distinguishingbetweenthe_leaders_

and_people_whocomposeit，the_leaders_considertheEnglishconstitutionasamodelofperfection，some，withacorrectionofitsvices，others，withallitscorruptionsandabuses。ThislastwasAlexanderHamilton’sopinion，whichothers，aswellasmyself，haveoftenheardhimdeclare，andthatacorrectionofwhatarecalleditsvices，wouldrendertheEnglishanimpracticablegovernment。Thisgovernmenttheywishedtohaveestablishedhere，andonlyacceptedandheldfast，_atfirst_，tothepresentconstitution，asastepping-stonetothefinalestablishmentoftheirfavoritemodel。

ThispartythereforealwaysclungtoEnglandastheirprototype，andgreatauxiliaryinpromotingandeffectingthischange。AweightyMINORITY，however，ofthese_leaders_，consideringthevoluntaryconversionofourgovernmentintoamonarchyastoodistant，ifnotdesperate，wishtobreakofffromourUnionitseasternfragment，asbeing，intruth，thehot-bedofAmericanmonarchism，withaviewtoacommencementoftheirfavoritegovernment，fromwhencetheotherStatesmaygangrenebydegrees，andthewholebethusbroughtfinallytothedesiredpoint。ForMassachusetts，theprimemoverinthisenterprise，isthelastStateintheUniontomeana_final_

separation，asbeingofallthemostdependentontheothers。Notraisingbreadforthesustenanceofherowninhabitants，nothavingastickoftimberfortheconstructionofvessels，herprincipaloccupation，noranarticletoexportinthem，wherewouldshebe，excludedfromtheportsoftheotherStates，andthrownintodependenceonEngland，herdirectandnatural，butnowinsidiousrival?AttheheadofthisMINORITYiswhatiscalledtheEssexJuntoofMassachusetts。ButtheMAJORITYofthese_leaders_donotaimatseparation。Inthis，theyadheretotheknownprincipleofGeneralHamilton，never，underanyviews，tobreaktheUnion。

Anglomany，monarchy，andseparation，then，aretheprinciplesoftheEssexfederalists。Anglomanyandmonarchy，thoseoftheHamiltonians，andAnglomanyalone，thatoftheportionamongthe_people_whocallthemselvesfederalists。Theselastareasgoodrepublicansasthebrethrenwhomtheyoppose，anddifferfromthemonlyintheirdevotiontoEnglandandhatredofFrancewhichtheyhaveimbibedfromtheirleaders。ThemomentthattheseleadersshouldavowedlyproposeaseparationoftheUnion，ortheestablishmentofregalgovernment，theirpopularadherentswouldquitthemtoaman，andjointherepublicanstandard；andthepartisansofthischange，eveninMassachusetts，wouldthusfindthemselvesanarmyofofficerswithoutasoldier。

Thepartycalledrepublicanissteadilyforthesupportofthepresentconstitution。Theyobtainedatitscommencement，alltheamendmentstoittheydesired。Thesereconciledthemtoitperfectly，andiftheyhaveanyulteriorview，itisonly，perhaps，topopularizeitfurther，byshorteningtheSenatorialterm，anddevisingaprocessfortheresponsibilityofjudges，morepracticalthanthatofimpeachment。TheyesteemthepeopleofEnglandandFranceequally，andequallydetestthegoverningpowersofboth。

ThisIverilybelieve，afteranintimacyoffortyyearswiththepubliccouncilsandcharacters，isatruestatementofthegroundsonwhichtheyareatpresentdivided，andthatitisnotmerelyanambitionforpower。Anhonestmancanfeelnopleasureintheexerciseofpoweroverhisfellowcitizens。Andconsideringastheonlyofficesofpowerthoseconferredbythepeopledirectly，thatistosay，theexecutiveandlegislativefunctionsoftheGeneralandStategovernments，thecommonrefusaloftheseandmultipliedresignations，areproofssufficientthatpowerisnotalluringtopureminds，andisnot，withthem，theprimaryprincipleofcontest。Thisismybeliefofit；itisthatonwhichIhaveacted；andhaditbeenamerecontestwhoshouldbepermittedtoadministerthegovernmentaccordingtoitsgenuinerepublicanprinciples，therehasneverbeenamomentofmylifeinwhichI

shouldhaverelinquishedforittheenjoymentsofmyfamily，myfarm，myfriendsandbooks。

YouexpectedtodiscoverthedifferenceofourpartyprinciplesinGeneralWashington’svaledictory，andmyinauguraladdress。Notatall。GeneralWashingtondidnotharboroneprincipleoffederalism。HewasneitheranAngloman，amonarchist，noraseparatist。Hesincerelywishedthepeopletohaveasmuchself-governmentastheywerecompetenttoexercisethemselves。TheonlypointonwhichheandIeverdifferedinopinion，was，thatI

hadmoreconfidencethanhehadinthenaturalintegrityanddiscretionofthepeople，andinthesafetyandextenttowhichtheymighttrustthemselveswithacontrolovertheirgovernment。Hehasasseveratedtomeathousandtimeshisdeterminationthattheexistinggovernmentshouldhaveafairtrial，andthatinsupportofithewouldspendthelastdropofhisblood。Hedidthisthemorerepeatedly，becauseheknewGeneralHamilton’spoliticalbias，andmyapprehensionsfromit。Itisamerecalumny，therefore，inthemonarchists，toassociateGeneralWashingtonwiththeirprinciples。

Butthatmayhavehappenedinthiscasewhichhasbeenoftenseeninor