第59章

Alleyes，allhopes，arenowfixedonyou；andwereyoutodecline，thechagrinwouldbeuniversal，andwouldshakeunderyourfeetthehighgroundonwhichyoustandwiththepublic。IndeedIknownothingwhichwouldproducesuchashock，forontheeventofthismissiondependsthefuturedestiniesofthisrepublic。Ifwecannotbyapurchaseofthecountryinsuretoourselvesacourseofperpetualpeaceandfriendshipwithallnations，thenaswarcannotbedistant，itbehoovesusimmediatelytobepreparingforthatcourse，without，however，hasteningit，anditmaybenecessary(onyourfailureonthecontinent)tocrossthechannel。

WeshallgetentangledinEuropeanpolitics，andfiguringmore，bemuchlesshappyandprosperous。Thiscanonlybepreventedbyasuccessfulissuetoyourpresentmission。Iamsensibleafterthemeasuresyouhavetakenforgettingintoadifferentlineofbusiness，thatitwillbeagreatsacrificeonyourpart，andpresentsfromtheseasonandothercircumstancesseriousdifficulties。Butsomemenarebornforthepublic。Naturebyfittingthemfortheserviceofthehumanraceonabroadscale，hasstampedwiththeevidencesofherdestinationandtheirduty。

ButIamparticularlyconcernedthatinthepresentcaseyouhavemorethanonesacrificetomake。Toreformtheprodigalitiesofourpredecessorsisunderstoodtobepeculiarlyourduty，andtobringthegovernmenttoasimpleandeconomicalcourse。They，inordertoincreaseexpense，debt，taxation，andpatronagetriedalwayshowmuchtheycouldgive。Theoutfitgiventoministersresidenttoenablethemtofurnishtheirhouse，butgivenbynonationtoatemporaryminister，whoisneverexpectedtotakeahouseortoentertain，butconsideredonafootingofavoyageur，theygavetotheirextraordinarymissionariesbywholesale。Inthebeginningofouradministration，amongotherarticlesofreformationinexpense，itwasdeterminednottogiveanoutfittomissionariesextraordinary，andnottoincurtheexpensewithanyministerofsendingafrigatetocarryhimorbringhim。TheBostonhappenedtobegoingtotheMediterranean，andwaspermittedthereforetotakeupMr。LivingstoneandtouchinaportofFrance。AfrigatewasdeniedtoCharlesPinckneyandhasbeenrefusedtoMr。Kingforhisreturn。

Mr。Madison’sfriendshipandminetoyoubeingsowellknown，thepublicwillhaveeagleeyestowatchifwegrantyouanyindulgenciesofthegeneralrule；andontheotherhand，theexamplesetinyourcasewillbemorecogentonfutureones，andproducegreaterapprobationtoourconduct。Theallowancethereforewillbeinthisandallsimilarcases，alltheexpensesofyourjourneyandvoiage，takingaship’scabintoyourself，9，000D。ayearfromyourleavinghometilltheproceedingsofyourmissionareterminated，andthenthequarter’ssalaryfortheexpensesofthereturnasprescribedbylaw。Astothetimeofyourgoingyoucannottoomuchhastenit，asthemomentinFranceiscritical。St。DomingodelaystheirtakingpossessionofLouisiana，andtheyareinthelastdistressformoneyforcurrentpurposes。Youshouldarrangeyouraffairsforanabsenceofayearatleast，perhapsforalongone。ItwillbenecessaryforyoutostayheresomedaysonyourwaytoNewYork。Youwillreceiveherewhatadvanceyouchuse。Acceptassurancesofmyconstantandaffectionateattachment。

CIVILIZATIONOFTHEINDIANS

_ToBenjaminHawkins_

_Washington，Feb。18，1803_

DEARSIR，——Mr。Hill’sreturntoyouofferssosafeaconveyanceforaletter，thatIfeelirresistiblydisposedtowriteone，tho’thereisbutlittletowriteabout。Youhavebeensolongabsentfromthispartoftheworld，andthestateofsocietysochangedinthattime，thatdetailsrespectingthosewhocomposeitarenolongerinterestingorintelligibletoyou。Onesourceofgreatchangeinsocialintercoursearosewhileyouwerewithus，tho’

it’seffectswereasyetscarcelysensibleonsocietyorgovernment。

ImeantheBritishtreaty，whichproducedaschismthatwentonwideningandranklingtilltheyears’98，’99，whenafinaldissolutionofallbonds，civil&social，appearedimminent。Inthatawfulcrisis，thepeopleawakedfromthephrenzyintowhichtheyhadbeenthrown，begantoreturntotheirsoberandancientprinciples，&

havenowbecomefive-sixthsofonesentiment，towit，forpeace，economy，andagovernmentbottomedonpopularelectioninitslegislative&executivebranches。Inthepubliccounselsthefederalpartyholdstillone-third。This，however，willlessen，butnotexactlytothestandardofthepeople；becauseitwillbeforeverseenthatofbodiesofmenevenelectedbythepeople，therewillalwaysbeagreaterproportionaristocraticthanamongtheirconstituents。Thepresentadministrationhadataskimposedonitwhichwasunavoidable，andcouldnotfailtoexertthebitteresthostilityinthoseopposedtoit。Theprecedingadministrationleft99。outofeveryhundredinpublicofficesofthefederalsect。

RepublicanismhadbeenthemarkonCainwhichhadrenderedthosewhoboreitexilesfromallportioninthetrusts&authoritiesoftheircountry。Thisdescripti