瞧!这个人

为何我是致命之人

1Iknowmydestiny.Therewillcomeadaywhenmynamewillrecallthememoryofsomethingformidable—acrisisthelikeofwhichhasneverbeenknownonearth,thememoryofthemostprofoundclashofconsciences,andthepassingofasentenceuponallthatwhichtheretoforehadbeenbelieved,exacted,andhallowed.Iamnotaman,Iamdynamite.Andwithitallthereisnoughtofthefounderofareligioninme.Religionsaremattersforthemob;aftercomingincontactwithareligiousman,IalwaysfeelthatImustwashmyhands....Irequireno"believers,"itismyopinionthatIamtoofullofmalicetobelieveeveninmyself;Ineveraddressmyselftomasses.IamhorriblyfrightenedthatonedayIshallbepronounced"holy."YouwillunderstandwhyIpublishthisbookbeforehand—itistopreventpeoplefromwrongingme.Irefusetobeasaint;Iwouldratherbeaclown.MaybeIamaclown.AndIamnotwithstanding,orrathernotnotwithstanding,themouthpieceoftruth;fornothingmoreblown-outwithfalsehoodhaseverexisted,thanasaint.Butmytruthisterrible:forhithertolieshavebeencalledtruth.TheTransvaluationofallValues,thisismyformulaformankind'sgreateststeptowardscomingtoitssenses—astepwhichinmebecamefleshandgenius.MydestinyordainedthatIshouldbethefirstdecenthumanbeing,andthatIshouldfeelmyselfopposedtothefalsehoodofmillenniums.Iwasthefirsttodiscovertruth,andforthesimplereasonthatIwasthefirstwhobecameconsciousoffalsehoodasfalsehood—thatistosay,Ismeltitassuch.Mygeniusresidesinmynostrils.Icontradictasnoonehascontradictedhitherto,andamneverthelessthereverseofanegativespirit.Iamtheharbingerofjoy,thelikeofwhichhasneverexistedbefore;Ihavediscoveredtasksofsuchloftygreatnessthat,untilmytime,noonehadanyideaofsuchthings.Mankindcanbegintohavefreshhopes,onlynowthatIhavelived.Thus,IamnecessarilyamanofFate.ForwhenTruthentersthelistsagainstthefalsehoodofages,shocksareboundtoensue,andaspellofearthquakes,followedbythetranspositionofhillsandvalleys,suchastheworldhasneveryetimaginedeveninitsdreams.Theconcept"politics"thenbecomeselevatedentirelytothesphereofspiritualwarfare.Allthemightyrealmsoftheancientorderofsocietyareblownintospace—fortheyareallbasedonfalsehood:therewillbewars,thelikeofwhichhaveneverbeenseenonearthbefore.Onlyfrommytimeandaftermewillpoliticsonalargescaleexistonearth.我知道我的命运。总有一天,我的名字会让人回忆起一些可怕的东西——一场地球上前所未有的危机,一场最深刻的良知冲突的记忆,以及对所有之前被相信、被要求和被神圣化的事物的判决。我不是一个人,我是炸药。即便如此,在我身上也没有宗教创始人的丝毫痕迹。宗教是大众的事情;每次接触一个宗教人士后,我总是觉得我必须洗手……我不需要“信徒”,我认为自己太恶毒了,甚至无法相信自己;我从不向群众说话。我非常害怕有一天我会被宣布为“圣人”。你会明白为什么我要事先出版这本书——是为了防止人们冤枉我。我拒绝成为圣人;我宁愿做一个小丑。也许我是一个小丑。尽管如此,或者更确切地说,正因为如此,我是真理的代言人;因为从来没有比圣人更吹嘘谎言的存在。但我的真理是可怕的:因为迄今为止,谎言被称为真理。一切价值的重估,这是我给全人类迈向清醒的最大一步的公式——这一步在我身上成了肉体和天才。我的命运注定我将成为第一个正派的人,并且我感到自己与千年的虚假对立。我是第一个发现真理的人,仅仅是因为我是第一个意识到虚假就是虚假的人——也就是说,我闻到了它。我的天才在于我的鼻子。我反驳得没有人曾经反驳过,但我绝不是消极的精神。我是喜悦的先驱,这种喜悦从未存在过;我发现了任务,其崇高伟大到在以前,没有人能想象这样的事情。只有在我活着之后,人类才能开始有新的希望。因此,我必然是一个命运之人。因为当真理与千年的虚假对抗时,必然会有冲击,会有地震般的震撼,然后山川移位,这样的世界从未在梦中想象过。政治的概念则完全提升到精神战争的领域。古代社会的所有巨大领域都将被抛入太空——因为它们都建立在虚假之上:将会有战争,这是地球从未见过的。只有从我的时代和我之后,地球上才会存在大规模的政治。22Ifyoushouldrequireaformulaforadestinyofthiskindthathastakenhumanform,youwillfinditinmyZarathustra.如果你需要一种已经化为人形的此类命运的公式,你可以在我的《查拉图斯特拉如是说》中找到它。"Andhewhowouldbeacreatoringoodandevil—verily,hemustfirstbeadestroyer,andbreakvaluesintopieces."而那想要在善与恶方面成为创造者的人——他首先必须成为一个毁灭者,并打碎价值观。"Thusthegreatestevilbelongethuntothegreatestgood:butthisisthecreativegood.""因此,最大的恶归属于最大的善:但这创造性的善。"Iambyfarthemostterriblemanthathaseverexisted;butthisdoesnotalterthefactthatIshallbecomethemostbeneficent.Iknowthejoyofannihilationtoadegreewhichiscommensuratewithmypowertoannihilate.InbothcasesIobeymyDionysiannature,whichknowsnothowtoseparatethenegativedeedfromthesayingofyea.Iamthefirstimmoralist,andinthissenseIamessentiallytheannihilator.我是迄今为止最可怕的人;但这并不改变这样一个事实,即我将成为最有益的人。我在一定程度上知道毁灭的喜悦,这与我的毁灭力量成正比。在这两种情况下,我都服从我的狄俄尼索斯本性,这种本性不知道如何将否定的行为与肯定的话语分开。我是第一个不道德主义者,在这个意义上,我本质上是毁灭者。33Peoplehaveneveraskedmeastheyshouldhavedone,whatthenameofZarathustrapreciselymeantinmymouth,inthemouthofthefirstimmoralist;forthatwhichdistinguishesthisPersianfromallothersinthepastistheveryfactthathewastheexactreverseofanimmoralist.Zarathustrawasthefirsttoseeinthestrugglebetweengoodandeviltheessentialwheelintheworkingofthings.Thetranslationofmoralityintotherealmofmetaphysics,asforce,cause,end-in-itself,ishiswork.Buttheveryquestionsuggestsitsownanswer.Zarathustracreatedthismostportentousofallerrors,—morality;thereforehemustbethefirsttoexposeit.Notonlybecausehehashadlongerandgreaterexperienceofthesubjectthananyotherthinker,—allhistoryisindeedtheexperimentalrefutationofthetheoryoftheso-calledmoralorderofthings,—butbecauseofthemoreimportantfactthatZarathustrawasthemosttruthfulofthinkers.Inhisteachingaloneistruthfulnessupheldasthehighestvirtue—thatistosay,asthereverseofthecowardiceofthe"idealist"whotakestohisheelsatthesightofreality.Zarathustrahasmorepluckinhisbodythanallotherthinkersputtogether.Totellthetruthandtoaimstraight:thatisthefirstPersianvirtue.HaveImademyselfclear?...Theovercomingofmoralitybyitself,throughtruthfulness,themoralist'sovercomingofhimselfinhisopposite—inme—thatiswhatthenameZarathustrameansinmymouth.人们从未像他们本应做的那样问我,“查拉图斯特拉”这个名字在我的嘴里——这个第一个不道德主义者的嘴里究竟意味着什么。因为恰恰是这一点区别了这位波斯人与过去所有其他人的地方,那就是他完全不是个不道德主义者。查拉图斯特拉是第一个在善恶斗争中看到万物运行之本质轮轴的人。将道德转化为形而上学领域,作为力量、原因、自身目的,这是他的工作。但这个问题本身就暗示了答案。“最重大的错误之一——道德”是由查拉图斯特拉创造的,因此他必须是第一个揭露它的人。不仅因为他在这方面的经验比任何其他思想家都更长、更丰富——实际上,所有历史都是所谓事物“道德秩序”理论的实验性反驳——而且更重要的是,查拉图斯特拉是最真实的思考者。在他的学说中,诚实被推崇为最高的美德,也就是说,与“理想主义者”的怯懦相反,后者一见到现实就逃之夭夭。查拉图斯特拉体内的勇气比所有其他思想家加起来还要多。说实话,走直线:这是第一项波斯美德。我说清楚了吗?……通过诚实战胜道德,道德主义者在对立面中的自我超越——这就是我的口中“查拉图斯特拉”这个名字的意义。44InrealitytwonegationsareinvolvedinmytitleImmoralist.Ifirstofalldenythetypeofmanthathashithertobeenregardedasthehighest—thegood,thekind,andthecharitable;andIalsodenythatkindofmoralitywhichhasbecomerecognisedandparamountasmorality-in-itself—Ispeakofthemoralityofdecadence,or,touseastillcruderterm,Christianmorality.Iwouldagreetothesecondofthetwonegationsbeingregardedasthemoredecisive,for,reckonedasawhole,theoverestimationofgoodnessandkindnessseemstomealreadyaconsequenceofdecadence,asymptomofweakness,andincompatiblewithanyascendingandyea-sayinglife.Negationandannihilationareinseparablefromayea-sayingattitudetowardslife.Letmehaltforamomentatthequestionofthepsychologyofthegoodman.Inordertoappraisethevalueofacertaintypeofman,thecostofhismaintenancemustbecalculated,—andtheconditionsofhisexistencemustbeknown.Theconditionoftheexistenceofthegoodisfalsehood:or,otherwiseexpressed,therefusalatanypricetoseehowrealityisactuallyconstituted.Therefusaltoseethatthisrealityisnotsoconstitutedasalwaystobestimulatingbeneficentinstincts,andstillless,soastosufferatallmomentstheintrusionofignorantandgood-naturedhands.Toconsiderdistressofallkindsasanobjection,assomethingwhichmustbedoneawaywith,isthegreatestnonsenseonearth;generallyspeaking,itisnonsenseofthemostdisastroussort,fatalinitsstupidity—almostasmadasthewilltoabolishbadweather,outofpityforthepoor,sotospeak.Inthegreateconomyofthewholeuniverse,theterrorsofreality(inthepassions,inthedesires,inthewilltopower)areincalculablymorenecessarythanthatformofpettyhappinesswhichiscalled"goodness";itisevenneedfultopractiseleniencyinordersomuchastoallowthelatteraplaceatall,seeingthatitisbaseduponafalsificationoftheinstincts.Ishallhaveanexcellentopportunityofshowingtheincalculablycalamitousconsequencestothewholeofhistory,ofthecredoofoptimism,thismonstrousoffspringofthehominesoptimi.Zarathustra,[1]thefirstwhorecognisedthattheoptimistisjustasdegenerateasthepessimist,thoughperhapsmoredetrimental,says:"Goodmenneverspeakthetruth.Falseshoresandfalseharbourswereyetaughtbythegood.Intheliesofthegoodwereyebornandbred.Throughthegoodeverythinghathbecomefalseandcrookedfromtheroots."Fortunatelytheworldisnotbuiltmerelyuponthoseinstinctswhichwouldsecuretothegood-naturedherdanimalhispaltryhappiness.Todesireeverybodytobecomea"goodman,""agregariousanimal,""ablue-eyed,benevolent,beautifulsoul,"or—asHerbertSpencerwished—acreatureofaltruism,wouldmeanrobbingexistenceofitsgreatestcharacter,castratingman,andreducinghumanitytoasortofwretchedChinadom.Andthissomehavetriedtodo!Itispreciselythisthatmencalledmorality.InthissenseZarathustracalls"thegood,"now"thelastmen,"andanon"thebeginningoftheend";andaboveall,heconsidersthemasthemostdetrimentalkindofmen,becausetheysecuretheirexistenceatthecostofTruthandatthecostoftheFuture.实际上,在我的书名《反道德者》中涉及了两次否定。首先,我否定了迄今为止被视为最高类型的人——善良、仁慈、慈善的人;其次,我也否定了那种被认可并成为主导的道德观——即所谓的道德本身。我说的是衰落者的道德,或者更粗俗地说,是基督教的道德。我会同意把第二次否定视为更重要的一个,因为总的来说,过度推崇善良和仁慈在我看来已经是衰落的结果,是一种软弱的表现,并且与任何上升的生命和肯定生命的态度不相容。否定和毁灭与肯定生命的立场密不可分。让我暂时停下来谈谈善良之人的心理学。为了评估某种类型的人的价值,必须计算维持这种人所需的代价,并了解其存在的条件。善良存在的条件是谎言:换句话说,不惜一切代价拒绝看到现实是如何构成的。拒绝看到这个现实并非总是能激发有益的本能,甚至更少,能让无知而好心的手随时介入。认为各种苦难是反对的理由,是必须消除的东西,这是地球上最大的愚蠢;一般来说,这是一种最危险的愚蠢,愚蠢到致命的地步——几乎像出于对穷人的同情而想消灭坏天气一样疯狂。在宇宙的整体经济中,现实的恐怖(在激情、欲望、权力意志中)比被称为“善良”的那种小幸福必要得多;为了让后者有立足之地,甚至需要宽容,因为它建立在本能的歪曲之上。我将有机会展示乐观主义信仰对整个历史造成的不可估量的灾难性后果,这是一些最优秀的人类后代的怪物般的产物。查拉图斯特拉[1],第一个认识到乐观主义者和悲观主义者同样堕落的人,虽然乐观主义者可能更有害,他说:“好人从不说真话。你们被善良的人教导了虚假的海岸和港口。你们在善良的谎言中出生和成长。通过善良,一切从根部开始变得虚假和扭曲。”幸运的是,世界不仅仅建立在那些能使善良的群居动物获得微不足道幸福的本能之上。希望所有人都成为“好人”,“群居动物”,“蓝眼睛、仁慈、美丽的灵魂”,或者像赫伯特·斯宾塞所愿的那样,成为利他主义的生物,这意味着剥夺存在最大的特性,阉割人类,并将人类贬低为一种可怜的中国化状态。有些人确实尝试过这样做!正是在这个意义上,查拉图斯特拉称“善良的人”现在为“最后的人”,一会儿又为“终结的开端”;最重要的是,他认为他们是人类中最有害的一种,因为他们以真理和未来的代价来保障自己的生存。"Thegood—theycannotcreate;theyareeverthebeginningoftheend."所谓好人——他们无法创造;他们永远是结束的开端。"Theycrucifyhimwhowritethnewvaluesonnewtables;theysacrificeuntothemselvesthefuture;theycrucifythewholefutureofhumanity!「他们把写在新牌上的新价值的创作者钉死在十字架上;他们为自己牺牲了未来;他们钉死了整个人类的未来!」"Thegood—theyareeverthebeginningoftheend."凡是好的东西——它们永远是结束的开始。"Andwhateverharmtheslanderersoftheworldmaydo,theharmofthegoodisthemostcalamitousofallharm."“并且世界上的毁谤者所能做的任何伤害,善人的伤害是最具毁灭性的伤害。”55Zarathustra,asthefirstpsychologistofthegoodman,isperforcethefriendoftheevilman.Whenadegeneratekindofmanhassucceededtothehighestrankamongthehumanspecies,hispositionmusthavebeengainedatthecostofthereversetype—atthecostofthestrongmanwhoiscertainoflife.Whenthegregariousanimalstandsinthegloriousraysofthepurestvirtue,theexceptionalmanmustbedegradedtotherankoftheevil.Iffalsehoodinsistsatallcostsonclaimingtheword"truth"foritsownparticularstandpoint,thereallytruthfulmanmustbesoughtoutamongthedespised.Zarathustraallowsofnodoubthere;hesaysthatitwaspreciselytheknowledgeofthegood,ofthe"best,"whichinspiredhisabsolutehorrorofmen.Anditwasoutofthisfeelingofrepulsionthathegrewthewingswhichallowedhimtosoarintoremotefutures.Hedoesnotconcealthefactthathistypeofmanisonewhichisrelativelysuperhuman—especiallyasopposedtothe"good"man,andthatthegoodandthejustwouldregardhissupermanasthedevil.查拉图斯特拉,作为善人中的第一位心理学家,不得不成为恶人的朋友。当一种堕落类型的人在人类物种中占据了最高地位时,他的位置一定是以牺牲相反类型的代价获得的——即以牺牲那个对生命充满信心的强者为代价。当群居动物站在纯粹美德的光辉光芒中时,杰出的人必须被贬低到恶的地位。如果谎言无论如何都坚持要为其特定立场声称“真理”这个词语,那么真正的真理之士必须从被鄙视者中寻找。查拉图斯特拉对此毫无怀疑;他说,正是对善、对“最好”的知识激发了他对人类的绝对厌恶。正是出于这种反感,他获得了能够翱翔于遥远未来的翅膀。他并不隐瞒这样一个事实,即他的这种人是一种相对超人的类型——尤其是在与“善人”相对时,而善人和正义之人会把他的超人视为魔鬼。"Yehighermen,onwhommygazenowfalls,thisisthedoubtthatyewakeinmybreast,andthisismysecretlaughter:methinksyewouldcallmySuperman—thedevil!Sostrangeareyeinyoursoulstoallthatisgreat,thattheSupermanwouldbeterribleinyoureyesforhisgoodness.""你们这些更高的人啊,我现在正注视着你们,这就是让我心中产生疑虑的事情,也是我的秘密笑声:我想你们会把我的超人——称为魔鬼!在你们的灵魂中,所有伟大的事物都如此陌生,以至于超人的善良在你们眼中将是可怕的。"Itisfromthispassage,andfromnoother,thatyoumustsetouttounderstandthegoaltowhichZarathustraaspires—thekindofmanthatheconceivesseesrealityasitis;heisstrongenoughforthis—heisnotestrangedorfarremovedfromit,heisthatrealityhimself,inhisownnaturecanbefoundalltheterribleandquestionablecharacterofreality:onlythuscanmanhavegreatness.正是从这段文字,而不是其他地方,你必须出发去理解查拉图斯特拉所追求的目标——他构想的那种人能够直面现实;他足够强大去做到这一点——他不疏离或远离现实,他自己就是那个现实,他的本性中包含了现实中所有的可怕和令人质疑的特性:唯有如此,人才能拥有伟大。66ButIhavechosenthetitleofImmoralistasasurnameandasabadgeofhonourinyetanothersense;Iamveryproudtopossessthisnamewhichdistinguishesmefromalltherestofmankind.NoonehithertohasfeltChristianmoralitybeneathhim;tothatendtherewereneededheight,aremotenessofvision,andanabysmalpsychologicaldepth,notbelievedtobepossiblehitherto.UptothepresentChristianmoralityhasbeentheCirceofallthinkers—theystoodatherservice.Whatman,beforemytime,haddescendedintotheundergroundcavernsfromoutofwhichthepoisonousfumesofthisideal—ofthisslanderingoftheworld—burstforth?Whatmanhadevendaredtosupposethattheywereundergroundcaverns?Wasasingleoneofthephilosopherswhoprecededmeapsychologistatall,andnottheveryreverseofapsychologist—thatistosay,a"superiorswindler,"an"Idealist"?Beforemytimetherewasnopsychology.Tobethefirstinthisnewrealmmayamounttoacurse;atallevents,itisafatality:foroneisalsothefirsttodespise.Mydangeristheloathingofmankind.但是,我选择“不道德的人”作为姓氏,并且作为一种荣誉标志,在另一个意义上也是如此;我非常自豪地拥有这个使我区别于全人类的名字。迄今为止,没有任何人感觉到基督教道德在他之下;要做到这一点,需要高度、远见和深渊般的心理深度,这是以前被认为不可能的。直到现在,基督教道德一直是所有思想家的西西娜——他们为她服务。在我之前,有谁深入过从这理想——这个世界诽谤者的毒雾喷涌而出的地底洞穴?有谁甚至敢假设那是地底洞穴?在我之前的那些哲学家中有谁能算是心理学家呢?不是正好相反吗?也就是说,不是一个“高级骗子”,一个“唯心主义者”吗?在我之前没有心理学。在这个新领域成为第一人可能是一种诅咒;无论如何,这是一种命运:因为也是第一个学会鄙视的人。我的危险是人类的厌恶。77Haveyouunderstoodme?Thatwhichdefinesme,thatwhichmakesmestandapartfromthewholeoftherestofhumanity,isthefactthatIunmaskedChristianmorality.ForthisreasonIwasinneedofawordwhichconveyedtheideaofachallengetoeverybody.Nottohaveawakenedtothesediscoveriesbefore,struckmeasbeingthesignofthegreatestuncleanlinessthatmankindhasonitsconscience,asself-deceptionbecomeinstinctive,asthefundamentalwilltobeblindtoeveryphenomenon,allcausalityandallreality;infact,asanalmostcriminalfraudinpsychologicis.BlindnessinregardtoChristianityistheessenceofcriminality—foritisthecrimeagainstlife.Agesandpeoples,thefirstaswellasthelast,philosophersandoldwomen,withtheexceptionoffiveorsixmomentsinhistory(andofmyself,theseventh),areallalikeinthis.HithertotheChristianhasbeenthe"moralbeing,"apeerlessoddity,and,as"amoralbeing,"hewasmoreabsurd,morevain,morethoughtless,andagreaterdisadvantagetohimself,thanthegreatestdespiserofhumanitycouldhavedeemedpossible.ChristianmoralityisthemostmalignantformofallfalsetootheactualCirceofhumanity:thatwhichhascorruptedmankind.Itisnoterroraserrorwhichinfuriatesmeatthesightofthisspectacle;itisnotthemillenniumsofabsenceof"goodwill,"ofdiscipline,ofdecency,andofbraveryinspiritualthings,whichbetraysitselfinthetriumphofChristianity;itisrathertheabsenceofnature,itistheperfectlyghastlyfactthatanti-natureitselfreceivedthehighesthonoursasmoralityandaslaw,andremainedsuspendedovermanastheCategoricalImperative.Fancyblunderinginthisway,notasanindividual,notasapeople,butasawholespecies!ashumanity!Toteachthecontemptofalltheprincipalinstinctsoflife;topositfalselytheexistenceofa"soul,"ofa"spirit,"inordertobeabletodefythebody;tospreadthefeelingthatthereissomethingimpureintheveryfirstprerequisiteoflife—insex;toseektheprincipleofevilintheprofoundneedofgrowthandexpansion—thatistosay,insevereself-love(thetermitselfisslanderous);andconverselytoseeahighermoralvalue—butwhatamItalkingabout?—Imeanthemoralvalueperse,inthetypicalsignsofdecline,intheantagonismoftheinstincts,in"selflessness,"inthelossofballast,in"thesuppressionofthepersonalelement,"andin"loveofone'sneighbour"(neighbouritis!).What!ishumanityitselfinastateofdegeneration?Hasitalwaysbeeninthisstate?Onethingiscertain,thatyearetaughtonlythevaluesofdecadenceasthehighestvalues.Themoralityofself-renunciationisessentiallythemoralityofdegeneration;thefact,"Iamgoingtothedogs,"istranslatedintotheimperative,"Yeshallallgotothedogs"—andnotonlyintotheimperative.Thismoralityofself-renunciation,whichistheonlykindofmoralitythathasbeentaughthitherto,betraysthewilltononentity—itdenieslifetotheveryroots.Therestillremainsthepossibilitythatitisnotmankindthatisinastateofdegeneration,butonlythatparasiticalkindofman—thepriest,who,bymeansofmoralityandlies,hasclimbeduptohispositionofdeterminatorofvalues,whodivinedinChristianmoralityhisroadtopower.And,totellthetruth,thisismyopinion.TheteachersandIleadersofmankind—includingthetheologians—havebeen,everyoneofthem,decadents:hencetheir)transvaluationofallvaluesintoahostilitytowards;life;hencemorality.Thedefinitionofmorality;Moralityistheidiosyncrasyofdecadents,actuatedbyadesiretoavengethemselveswithsuccessuponlife.Iattachgreatvaluetothisdefinition.你明白我的意思了吗?那使我区别于整个人类、定义我的东西,就是我对基督教道德的揭露。正因为如此,我需要一个词来表达向所有人发起挑战的想法。没有比以前更早地觉醒到这些发现,这在我看来是人类良心上最严重的不洁,是自我欺骗变得本能化,是对每一种现象、所有因果关系和现实的盲目,实际上,是一种几乎犯罪的心理欺诈。对基督教的盲目是罪恶的本质——因为它就是对生命的犯罪。各个时代和民族,无论第一个还是最后一个,哲学家和老妇人,除了历史上五个或六个关键时刻(以及我自己,第七个时刻)之外,都是如此。迄今为止,基督徒一直是“道德的存在”,是一个无与伦比的怪异存在,并且,作为一个“道德的存在”,他比任何一个蔑视人类的最大者所能想象的还要荒谬、虚荣、轻率,对自己造成了更大的损害。基督教道德是所有虚假道德中最恶劣的形式:它是人类的真正祸害,它腐蚀了人类。不是作为错误的错误让我看到这一景象而愤怒;不是千百年来的“善意”、“纪律”、“体面”和精神上的勇敢的缺席,这在基督教的胜利中暴露无遗;而是自然的缺席,这是一个完全令人毛骨悚然的事实,即反自然本身被尊为道德和法律,并悬挂在人类之上,成为绝对命令。竟然以这种方式犯错,不是作为一个个体,也不是作为一个民族,而是作为一个物种!作为一个整体的人类!教导对生命的所有主要本能的蔑视;虚构“灵魂”、“精神”的存在,以便能够蔑视身体;传播一种感觉,认为在生命的第一个前提条件——性——中存在着某种不纯洁的东西;在严重自爱(这个词本身就是诽谤)的深刻需求和扩展中寻求邪恶的原则——也就是说,在生长和扩张的需求中——并相反地在“无私”、“失去平衡”、“个人元素的压制”和“邻人之爱”(邻人狂热)中看到更高的道德价值——我在说什么?我是指道德价值本身,在衰退的典型标志中,在本能的对抗中,在“无私”中,在“失去平衡”中,在“个人元素的压制”中,以及在“邻人之爱”中。什么!人类本身正在退化吗?它一直都在这种状态吗?有一件事是可以肯定的,那就是你们只被教导衰退的价值作为最高的价值。自我牺牲的道德本质上是衰退的道德;事实“我要堕落了”被翻译成命令“你们所有人都要堕落了”——不仅仅是命令。这种自我牺牲的道德,迄今为止唯一被教导的道德,揭示了对非实体性的意志——它否定了生命的根源。仍然有可能的是,不是人类处于衰退状态,而是那种寄生虫般的类型——牧师,他通过道德和谎言爬上了价值判定者的地位,从基督教的道德中预感到了他的权力之路。而且,说实话,这是我的观点。人类的导师和领导者——包括神学家们——每一个都是衰落者:因此他们的所有价值的重估变成了对生命的敌意;因此有了道德。道德的定义;道德是衰落者的怪癖,由成功报复生命的欲望驱使。我非常重视这个定义。88Haveyouunderstoodme?IhavenotutteredasinglewordwhichIhadnotalreadysaidfiveyearsagothroughmymouthpieceZarathustra.TheunmaskingofChristianmoralityisaneventwhichunequalledinhistory,itisarealcatastrophe.Themanwhothrowslightuponitisaforcemajeure,afatality;hebreaksthehistoryofmanintotwo.Timeisreckonedupbeforehimandafterhim.Thelightningflashoftruthstruckpreciselythatwhichtheretoforehadstoodhighest:hewhounderstandswhatwasdestroyedbythatflashshouldlooktoseewhetherhestillholdsanythinginhishands.Everythingwhichuntilthenwascalledtruth,hasbeenrevealedasthemostdetrimental,mostspiteful,andmostsubterraneanformoflife;theholypretext,whichwasthe"improvement"ofman,hasbeenrecognisedasarusefordraininglifeofitsenergyandofitsblood.MoralityconceivedasVampirism....Themanwhounmasksmoralityhasalsounmaskedtheworthlessnessofthevaluesinwhichmeneitherbelieveorhavebelieved;henolongerseesanythingtobereveredinthemostvenerableman—eveninthetypesofmenthathavebeenpronouncedholy;allhecanseeinthemisthemostfatalkindofabortions,fatal,becausetheyfascinate.Theconcept"God"wasinventedastheoppositeoftheconceptlife—everythingdetrimental,poisonous,andslanderous,andalldeadlyhostilitytolife,wadboundtogetherinonehorribleunitinHim.Theconcepts"beyond"and"trueworld"wereinventedinordertodepreciatetheonlyworldthatexists—inorderthatnogoaloraim,nosenseortask,mightbelefttoearthlyreality.Theconcepts"soul,""spirit,"andlastofalltheconcept"immortalsoul,"wereinventedinordertothrowcontemptonthebody,inordertomakeitsickand"holy,"inordertocultivateanattitudeofappallinglevitytowardsallthingsinlifewhichdeservetobetreatedseriously,i.e.thequestionsofnutritionandhabitation,ofintellectualdiet,thetreatmentofthesick,cleanliness,andweather.Insteadofhealth,wefindthe"salvationofthesoul"—thatistosay,afoliecirculatefluctuatingbetweenconvulsionsandpenitenceandthehysteriaofredemption.Theconcept"sin,"togetherwiththetortureinstrumentappertainingtoit,whichistheconcept"freewill,"wasinventedinordertoconfuseandmuddleourinstincts,andtorenderthemistrustofthemman'ssecondnature!Intheconcepts"disinterestedness"and"self-denial,"theactualsignsofdecadencearetobefound.Theallurementofthatwhichisdetrimental,theinabilitytodiscoverone'sownadvantageandself-destruction,aremadeintoabsolutequalities,intothe"duty,"the"holiness,"andthe"divinity"ofman.Finally—tokeeptheworsttothelast—bythenotionofthegoodman,allthatisfavouredwhichisweak,ill,botched,andsick-in-itself,whichoughttobewipedout.Thelawofselectionisthwarted,anidealismadeoutofoppositiontotheproud,well-constitutedman,tohimwhosaysyeatolife,tohimwhoiscertainofthefuture,andwhoguaranteesthefuture—thismanishenceforthcalledtheevilone.Andallthiswasbelievedinasmorality!—Ecrasezl'infâme!你们明白我的意思了吗?我所说过的每一个字,在五年前已经通过我的代言人查拉图斯特拉说过。揭开基督教道德的面纱是一件历史上无与伦比的事件,它是一个真正的灾难。那个揭示这一点的人是一种不可抗力,一个命运;他把人类的历史分为两个部分。时间在他之前和之后被计算。真理的闪电恰好击中了之前被认为是最高的东西:那些理解被那道闪电摧毁了什么的人应该看看自己是否还握有其他东西。直到那时被称为真理的一切,都被揭露为最有害、最恶毒、最阴险的生命形式;那个被称为“改善”人类的神圣借口,已经被认为是榨取生命能量和血液的诡计。道德被视为吸血鬼……揭开道德面纱的人也揭开了人们相信或曾经相信的价值观的无用性;他不再在最尊贵的人——甚至是在被宣布为圣人的类型中看到任何值得尊敬的东西;在他看来,他们不过是致命的堕落产物,这种堕落之所以致命,是因为它们具有吸引力。概念“上帝”被发明为与“生命”概念相反——所有有害、有毒、诽谤性的,以及所有对生命的敌意,都被捆绑成一个可怕的单位。概念“彼岸”和“真实世界”被发明出来是为了贬低唯一存在的世界——为了不让任何目标或目的、意义或任务留给世俗现实。概念“灵魂”、“精神”,最后还有“不朽的灵魂”,被发明出来是为了蔑视身体,为了使身体生病并“神圣化”,为了培养一种令人毛骨悚然的轻蔑态度,对待生活中应该认真对待的事情,即营养和居住、智力饮食、治疗病人、清洁和天气。健康被替换为“灵魂的救赎”——也就是说,一种在痉挛和悔恨、赎罪的歇斯底里之间波动的疯狂。概念“罪恶”,连同属于它的刑具,即“自由意志”的概念,被发明出来是为了混淆和扰乱我们的本能,并使人对本能的不信任成为第二本性!在“无私”和“自我否定”的概念中,可以找到衰败的实际标志。危险的诱惑力、无法发现自己的优势和自我毁灭,被当作绝对品质,当作“人的职责”、“神圣”和“神性”。最后,为了保留最糟糕的部分——通过“善良的人”的概念,所有虚弱、患病、畸形和内在病态的东西都被青睐,这些东西应该被清除。选择的法则被阻碍,骄傲、健康、构造良好的人被对立视为理想,那些肯定生活、对未来充满信心并保证未来的人被称为邪恶。所有这些都是作为道德而相信的!——消灭这可耻的东西吧!99Haveyouunderstoodme?DionysusversusChrist.你明白我的意思了吗?酒神与基督。[1]NeedlesstosaythisisNietzsche,andnolongerthePersian.—TR.[1]不用说,这是尼采,而不是波斯人了。—译者注

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