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"未来哲学的序曲"11Myworkfortheyearsthatfollowedwasprescribedasdistinctlyaspossible.Nowthattheyea-sayingpartofmylife-taskwasaccomplished,therecametheturnofthenegativeportion,bothinwordanddeed:thetransvaluationofallvaluesthathadexistedhitherto,thegreatwar,—theconjuring-upofthedaywhenthefataloutcomeofthestrugglewouldbedecided.Meanwhile,Ihadslowlytolookaboutmeformypeers,forthosewho,outofstrength,wouldproffermeahelpinghandinmyworkofdestruction.Fromthattimeonward,allmywritingsaresomuchbait:maybeIunderstandasmuchaboutfishingasmostpeople?Ifnothingwascaught,itwasnotIwhowasatfaultTherewerenofishtocomeandbite.接下来几年的工作尽可能明确地进行了规划。既然肯定部分的生命任务已经完成,现在轮到否定的部分,无论是言辞还是行动:对迄今为止所有价值观的重估,那场伟大的斗争——召唤出那一天,决定这场斗争的致命结局。同时,我不得不慢慢寻找我的同道者,那些出于力量愿意在我破坏性工作中给予帮助的人。从那时起,我所有的著作都是诱饵:也许我对钓鱼的了解和大多数人一样多?如果什么也没钓到,那不是我的错。没有鱼会上钩。22Inallitsessentialpoints,thisbook(1886)isacriticismofmodernity,embracingthemodernsciences,arts,evenpolitics,togetherwithcertainindicationsastoatypewhichwouldbethereverseofmodernman,oraslittlelikehimaspossible,anobleandyea-sayingtype.Inthislastrespectthebookisaschoolforgentlemen—thetermgentlemanbeingunderstoodhereinamuchmorespiritualandradicalsensethanithasimpliedhitherto.Allthosethingsofwhichtheageisproud,—as,forinstance,far-famed"objectivity,""sympathywithallthatsuffers,""thehistoricalsense,"withitssubjectiontoforeigntastes,withitslying-in-the-dustbeforepetitsfaits,andtherageforscience,—areshowntobethecontradictionofthetyperecommended,andareregardedasalmostill-bred.IfyourememberthatthisbookfollowsuponZarathustra,youmaypossiblyguesstowhatsystemofdietitowesitslife.Theeyewhich,owingtotremendousconstraint,hasbecomeaccustomedtoseeatagreatdistance,—Zarathustraisevenmorefar-sightedthantheTsar,—ishereforcedtofocussharplythatwhichiscloseathand,thepresenttime,thethingsthatlieabouthim.Inalltheaphorismsandmoreparticularlyintheformofthisbook,thereaderwillfindthesamevoluntaryturningawayfromthoseinstinctswhichmadeaZarathustraapossiblefeat.Refinementinform,inaspiration,andintheartofkeepingsilent,areitsmoreorlessobviousqualities;psychologyishandledwithdeliberatehardnessandcruelty,—thewholebookdoesnotcontainonesinglegood-naturedword....Allthissortofthingrefreshesaman.WhocanguessthekindofrecreationthatisnecessaryaftersuchanexpenditureofgoodnessasistobefoundinZarathustra?Fromatheologicalstandpoint—nowpayyeheed;foritisbutonrareoccasionsthatIspeakasatheologian—itwasGodHimselfwho,attheendofHisgreatwork,coiledHimselfupintheformofaserpentatthefootofthetreeofknowledge.ItwasthusthatHerecoveredfrombeingaGod....Hehadmadeeverythingtoobeautiful....ThedevilissimplyGod'smomentofidleness,onthatseventhday.就其基本要点而言,这本书(1886年)是对现代性的批判,涵盖了现代科学、艺术,甚至政治,同时还指出了某种与现代人尽可能不同的类型,一种高贵且肯定一切的类型。在这一点上,这本书是绅士的学校——这里的“绅士”一词被理解为具有比以往更精神化和根本性的意义。所有这个时代引以为豪的事物——比如著名的“客观性”、“同情所有受苦者”、“历史感”,以及服从于外国品味、对小事实卑躬屈膝的态度和对科学的狂热追求——都被证明与推荐的类型相矛盾,并被视为几乎粗俗不堪。如果你还记得这本书是在《查拉图斯特拉如是说》之后问世的,你或许能猜到它依赖什么样的体系得以生存。那双由于巨大压力而习惯于远视的眼睛——查拉图斯特拉甚至比沙皇看得更远——在这里被迫聚焦于眼前的事物,聚焦于当下和周围的事物。在所有的警句和这本书的形式中,读者都会发现同样的自愿远离那些使一个查拉图斯特拉成为可能的本能。形式上的精致、抱负的提升以及沉默的艺术,是其或多或少明显的品质;心理学被刻意以强硬和残酷的方式处理——整本书中没有一个字是善意的……所有这类东西都能让人振作起来。谁能猜到在像《查拉图斯特拉如是说》这样充满善行的书之后,需要什么样的休憩?从神学的角度来看——现在请注意;因为我很少以神学家的身份说话——上帝在完成祂的伟大工作后,在知识树的脚下盘成了蛇形。这就是祂恢复为上帝的方式……祂把一切都做得太美了……魔鬼不过是上帝在第七天的闲暇时刻。