下载辰思小说免费APP
1Asitismyintentionwithinaveryshorttimetoconfrontmyfellow-menwiththeverygreatestdemandthathaseveryetbeenmadeuponthem,itseemstomeaboveallnecessarytodeclareherewhoandwhatIam.Asamatteroffact,thisoughttobeprettywellknownalready,forIhavenot"heldmytongue"aboutmyself.Butthedisparitywhichobtainsbetweenthegreatnessofmytaskandthesmallnessofmycontemporaries,isrevealedbythefactthatpeoplehaveneitherheardmenoryetseenme.Iliveonmyownself-madecredit,anditisprobablyonlyaprejudicetosupposethatIamaliveatall.IdobutrequiretospeaktoanyoneofthescholarswhocometotheOber-EngadineinthesummerinordertoconvincemyselfthatIamnotalive....Underthesecircumstances,itisaduty—andoneagainstwhichmycustomaryreserve,andtoastillgreaterdegreetheprideofmyinstincts,rebel—tosay:Listen!forIamsuchandsuchaperson.ForHeaven'ssakedonotconfoundmewithanyoneelse!既然我打算在很短的时间内向我的同胞提出有史以来对人类提出的最伟大的要求,那么在我看来,最重要的是在这里声明我是谁,以及我是什么样的人。事实上,这应该早已广为人知,因为我对自己的事情并没有“保持沉默”。然而,当代人伟大任务的艰巨性和渺小之间的差距,却通过这样一个事实暴露出来:人们既没有听到我说话,也没有看到我的身影。我靠自己的自信心生活,认为我根本不存在可能仅仅是一种偏见。只要我对任何一个夏季来到上恩加丁谷地的学者说几句话,就足以让我确信自己是不存在的……在这种情况下,有责任打破我一贯的矜持,甚至更甚于我本能的骄傲,说出来:听好了!因为我是这样的人。看在上帝的份上,千万不要把我与别人混淆!22Iam,forinstance,innowiseabogeyman,ormoralmonster.Onthecontrary,Iamtheveryoppositeinnaturetothekindofmanthathasbeenhonouredhithertoasvirtuous.Betweenourselves,itseemstomethatthisispreciselyamatteronwhichImayfeelproud.IamadiscipleofthephilosopherDionysus,andIwouldprefertobeevenasatyrthanasaint.Butjustreadthisbook!MaybeIhaveheresucceededinexpressingthiscontrastinacheerfulandatthesametimesympatheticmanner—maybethisistheonlypurposeofthepresentwork.我绝不是什么妖怪,也不是道德上的怪物。相反,我的本性与迄今为止被尊为道德高尚的人恰恰相反。说真的,在这件事上我觉得自己可以感到自豪。我是哲学家狄俄尼索斯的信徒,我宁愿做森林之神(萨提尔),也不愿做圣徒。但请读一读这本书吧!也许我在这里以一种欢快且富有同情心的方式表达了这种对比——也许这就是本书的唯一目的。TheverylastthingIshouldpromisetoaccomplishwouldbeto"improve"mankind.Idonotsetupanynewidols;mayoldidolsonlylearnwhatitcoststohavelegsofclay.Tooverthrowidols(idolsisthenameIgivetoallideals)ismuchmorelikemybusiness.Inproportionasanidealworldhasbeenfalselyassumed,realityhasbeenrobbedofitsvalue,itsmeaning,anditstruthfulness....The"trueworld"andthe"apparentworld"—inplainEnglish,thefictitiousworldandreality....Hithertothelieoftheidealhasbeenthecurseofreality;bymeansofittheverysourceofmankind'sinstinctshasbecomemendaciousandfalse;somuchsothatthosevalueshavecometobeworshippedwhicharetheexactoppositeoftheoneswhichwouldensureman'sprosperity,hisfuture,andhisgreatrighttoafuture.我最不应该承诺去完成的事情就是“改善”人类。我不设立任何新的偶像;只希望旧的偶像能明白拥有泥腿子的代价。推翻偶像(我将所有理想称为偶像)才是更符合我的事业。理想世界的虚假假设越多,现实就越失去了它的价值、意义和真实性……“真实世界”和“表象世界”——用通俗的话来说,虚构的世界和现实……迄今为止,理想的谎言一直是现实的诅咒;通过它,人类本能的源泉变得虚伪和不真实;以至于那些被崇拜的价值观恰恰是确保人类繁荣、未来以及伟大未来的未来权利的对立面。33Hewhoknowshowtobreatheintheairofmywritingsisconsciousthatitistheairoftheheights,thatitisbracing.Amanmustbebuiltforit,otherwisethechancesarethatitwillchillhim.Theiceisnear,thelonelinessisterrible—buthowserenelyeverythingliesinthesunshine!howfreelyonecanbreathe!howmuch,onefeels,liesbeneathone!Philosophy,asIhaveunderstoodithitherto,isavoluntaryretirementintoregionsoficeandmountain-peaks—theseeking—outofeverythingstrangeandquestionableinexistence,everythinguponwhich,hitherto,moralityhassetitsban.Throughlongexperience,derivedfromsuchwanderingsinforbiddencountry,Iacquiredanopinionverydifferentfromthatwhichmayseemgenerallydesirable,ofthecauseswhichhithertohaveledtomen'smoralisingandidealising.Thesecrethistoryofphilosophers,thepsychologyoftheirgreatnames,wasrevealedtome.Howmuchtruthcanacertainmindendure;howmuchtruthcanitdare?—thesequestionsbecameformeevermoreandmoretheactualtestofvalues.Error(thebeliefintheideal)isnotblindness;erroriscowardice....Everyconquest,everystepforwardinknowledge,istheoutcomeofcourage,ofhardnesstowardsone'sself,ofcleanlinesstowardsone'sself.Idonotrefuteideals;allIdoistodrawonmyglovesintheirpresence....Nitimurinvetitum;withthisdevicemyphilosophywillonedaybevictorious;forthatwhichhashithertobeenmoststringentlyforbiddenis,withoutexception,Truth.懂得呼吸我文字气息的人会意识到,这是一种来自高处的气息,令人振奋。这需要一个人具备相应的体质,否则这种气息可能会让他感到寒冷。冰天雪地近在咫尺,孤独感十分强烈——然而一切事物又是多么宁静地沐浴在阳光下啊!多么自由地呼吸!多么多的事物似乎就在脚下!迄今为止,我所理解的哲学是一种自愿退隐到冰天雪地和高山之巅的行为——探寻存在中那些被道德禁令排斥的奇怪和可疑之处。通过长期在禁区游历的经验,我获得了与通常认为理想的结果截然不同的看法,即是什么原因促使人们进行道德化和理想化的思考。哲学家的秘密历史,他们伟大名字的心理学,向我揭示了出来。一种特定的心灵能够承受多少真理;一种特定的心灵敢于承受多少真理——这些问题对我来说越来越成为衡量价值的实际标准。错误(对理想的信仰)不是盲目;错误是懦弱……每一个征服,每一个知识的进步,都是勇气、对自己坚韧以及对自己纯洁的结果。我不是在反驳理想;我只是在我面前戴上手套而已……我们追求被禁止的东西;凭借这个信条,我的哲学终有一天会取得胜利;因为迄今为止被最严格禁止的一切,无一例外,都是真理。44Inmylifework,myZarathustraholdsaplaceapart.Withit,Igavemyfellow-menthegreatestgiftthathaseverbeenbestoweduponthem.Thisbook,thevoiceofwhichspeaksoutacrosstheages,isnotonlytheloftiestbookonearth,literallythebookofmountainair,—thewholephenomenon,mankind,liesatanincalculabledistancebeneathit,—butitisalsothedeepestbook,bornoftheinmostabundanceoftruth;aninexhaustiblewell,intowhichnopitchercanbeloweredwithoutcomingupagainladenwithgoldandwithgoodness.Hereitisnota"prophet"whospeaks,oneofthosegruesomehybridsofsicknessandWilltoPower,whommencallfoundersofreligions.Ifamanwouldnotdoasadwrongtohiswisdom,hemust,aboveallgiveproperheedtothetones—thehalcyonictones—thatfallfromthelipsofZarathustra:—在我的一生工作中,《查拉图斯特拉如是说》占据着独特的地位。通过这本书,我给予了人类有史以来最伟大的礼物。这本书,其声音穿越时代的长河,不仅是地球上最高尚的书——可以说是高山空气之书——整个人类现象学都难以企及它的高度,而且也是最深奥的书,源于真理的最深处;它像一口永不枯竭的井,任何汲水的桶都会满载而归,带回金子和善。这里并不是一个“先知”在说话,那些被人们称为宗教创始者的可怕混合体,是病态与权力意志的结合。如果一个人不想对自己的智慧做出可悲的不公,他必须特别注意从查拉图斯特拉唇间落下的音调——那宁静如海鸥般的音调:"Themostsilentwordsareharbingersofthestorm;thoughtsthatcomeondove'sfeetleadtheworld."最无声的话语是风暴的预兆;带着鸽子脚步而来的思想引领着世界。"Thefigsfallfromthetrees;theyaregoodandsweet,and,whentheyfall,theirredskinsarerent."无花果从树上掉下来;它们又好吃又甜,当它们掉落时,红色的外皮裂开了。"AnorthwindamIuntoripefigs."我是成熟无花果的北风。"Thus,likefigs,dothesepreceptsdropdowntoyou,myfriends;nowdrinktheirjuiceandtheirsweetpulp.“所以,就像无花果一样,这些教诲自然地落在你们身上,我的朋友们;现在品尝它们的汁液和甘甜的果肉吧。"Itisautumnallaround,andclearsky,andafternoon.""周围是秋天,晴朗的天空,和下午。"Nofanaticspeakstoyouhere;thisisnota"sermon";nofaithisdemandedinthesepages.Fromoutaninfinitetreasureoflightandwellofjoy,dropbydrop,mywordsfallout—aslowandgentlegaitisthecadenceofthesediscourses.Suchthingscanreachonlythemostelect;itisarareprivilegetobealistenerhere;noteveryonewholikescanhaveearstohearZarathustra.IsnotZarathustra,becauseofthesethings,aseducer?...Butwhat,indeed,doeshehimselfsay,whenforthefirsttimehegoesbacktohissolitude?Justthereverseofthatwhichany"Sage,""Saint,""Saviouroftheworld,"andotherdecadentwouldsay....Notonlyhiswords,buthehimselfisotherthanthey.这里并没有狂热者向你说话;这不是一篇“布道词”;这些页码中并未要求任何信仰。从无限光明的宝藏和喜悦之泉中,一滴一滴地,我的话语流出——这些论述的节奏缓慢而温和。这样的事物只能触及最杰出的人;能成为这里的听众是一种稀有的特权;并非每一个喜欢的人都能听到查拉图斯特拉的话语。难道查拉图斯特拉不是因为这些事情而成为一个诱惑者吗?……但是,事实上,当他第一次回到他的孤独时,他自己说了什么呢?恰恰是与任何“智者”、“圣人”、“世界救世主”以及其他衰落者所说的完全相反的话……不仅他的言语如此,他本人也是截然不同的。"AlonedoInowgo,mydisciples!Getyealsohence,andalone!ThuswouldIhaveit.“现在我独自前进了,我的门徒们!你们也回去,独自前行吧!我希望这样。"Verily,Ibeseechyou:takeyourleaveofmeandarmyourselvesagainstZarathustra!Andbetterstill,beashamedofhim!Maybehehathdeceivedyou.“我诚实地恳求你们:离开我吧,武装起自己来反抗查拉图斯特拉吧!甚至更好的是,为他感到羞耻吧!也许他已经欺骗了你们。"Theknightofknowledgemustbeablenotonlytolovehisenemies,butalsotohatehisfriends.“求知的骑士不但要学会爱他的敌人,还要学会恨他的朋友。"Themanwhoremainethapupilrequitethhisteacherbutill.Andwhywouldyenotpluckatmywreath?“那个仍需做学生的人无法很好地报答他的老师。那么,你们为什么不去摘下我的花冠呢?"Yehonourme;butwhatifyourreverenceshouldonedaybreakdown?Takeheed,lestastatuecrushyou.“你们如此尊敬我;但如果有一天你们所敬仰的雕像倒塌了呢?请注意,别让雕像压垮了你。"YesayyebelieveinZarathustra?Butof;whataccountisZarathustra?Yearemybelievers:butofwhataccountareallbelievers?“你们说你们相信琐罗亚斯德?但是琐罗亚斯德算什么?你们是我的信徒:但是信徒们又算什么呢?"Yehadnotyetsoughtyourselveswhenyefoundme.Thusdoallbelievers;thereforeisallbelievingworthsolittle."当你们找到我时,还没有寻求过自己。所有信徒都这样做;因此,所有的信仰都如此没有价值。"NowIbidyoulosemeandfindyourselves;andonlywhenyehavealldeniedmewillIcomebackuntoyou."“现在我要求你们忘却我,去发现自己;只有当你们全都否认了我之后,我才会回到你们身边。”FRIEDRICHNIETZSCHE.弗里德里希·尼采。Onthisperfectday,wheneverythingisripening,andnotonlythegrapesaregettingbrown,arayofsunshinehasfallenonmylife:Ilookedbehindme,Ilookedbeforeme,andneverhaveIseensomanygoodthingsallatonce.NotinvainhaveIburiedmyfour-and-fortiethyearto-day;Ihadtherighttoburyit—thatinitwhichstillhadlife,hasbeensavedandisimmortal.ThefirstbookoftheTransvaluationofallValues,TheSongsofZarathustra,TheTwilightoftheIdols,myattempt,tophilosophisewiththehammer—allthesethingsarethegiftofthisyear,andevenofitslastquarter.HowcouldIhelpbeingthankfultothewholeofmylife?在这完美的日子,当万物都在成熟,不仅葡萄变褐了,一束阳光也照进了我的生活:我回顾过去,展望未来,从未见过如此多的好事同时发生。今天埋葬我的四十四岁生日并非徒劳;我有理由埋葬它——那些在我生命中仍有生命力的事物已被拯救,并且是不朽的。《一切价值的重估》的第一本书,《查拉图斯特拉如是说》,《偶像的黄昏》,我用锤子哲学尝试之作——所有这些都是一年,甚至是其最后三个月的礼物。我又怎能不对我的整个生命心存感激呢?ThatiswhyIamnowgoingtotellmyselfthestoryofmylife.这就是为什么我现在要讲述自己的人生故事。