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1Inordertodojusticetothisessayamanoughttosufferfromthefateofmusicasfromanopenwound.—FromwhatdoIsufferwhenIsufferfromthefateofmusic?Fromthefactthatmusichaslostitsworld-transfiguring,yea-sayingcharacter—thatitisdecadentmusicandnolongerthefluteofDionysus.Supposing,however,thatthefateofmusicbeasdeartomanashisownlife,becausejoyandsufferingarealikeboundupwithit;thenhewillfindthispamphletcomparativelymildandfullofconsideration.Tobecheerfulinsuchcircumstances,andlaughgood-naturedlywithothersatone'sself,—ridendodicereseverum[1]whentheverumdicerewouldjustifyeverysortofhardness,—ishumanityitself.WhodoubtsthatI,oldartillery-manthatIam,wouldbeableifIlikedtopointmyheavygunsatWagner?—EverythingdecisiveinthisquestionIkepttomyself—IhavelovedWagner.—Afterall,anattackuponamorethanusuallysubtle"unknownperson"whomanotherwouldnothavedivinedsoeasily,liesinthemeaningandpathofmylife-task.Oh,Ihavestillquiteanumberofother"unknownpersons"tounmaskbesidesaCagliostroofMusic!Aboveall,IhavetodirectanattackagainsttheGermanpeople,who,inmattersofthespirit,groweverydaymoreindolent,poorerininstincts,andmorehonestwho,withanappetiteforwhichtheyaretobeenvied,continuetodietthemselvesoncontradictions,andgulpdown"Faith"incompanywithscience,Christianlovetogetherwithanti-Semitism,andthewilltopower(tothe"Empire"),dishedupwiththegospelofthehumble,withoutshowingtheslightestsignsofindigestion.Fancythisabsenceofparty-feelinginthepresenceofopposites!Fancythisgastricneutralityand"disinterestedness"!BeholdthissenseofjusticeintheGermanpalate,whichcangrantequalrightstoall,—whichfindseverythingtasteful!WithoutashadowofadoubttheGermansareidealists.WhenIwaslastinGermany,IfoundGermantastestrivingtograntWagnerandtheTrumpeterofSakkingen[2]equalrights;whileImyselfwitnessedtheattemptsofthepeopleofLeipzigtodohonourtooneofthemostgenuineandmostGermanofmusicians,—usingGermanhereintheoldsenseoftheword,—amanwhowasnomereGermanoftheEmpire,themasterHeinrichSchütz,byfoundingaLisztSociety,theobjectofwhichwastocultivateandspreadartful(listige[3])Churchmusic.WithoutashadowofdoubttheGermansareidealists.为了公正地对待这篇论文,一个人应该像忍受开放的伤口一样忍受音乐的命运。——当我遭受音乐命运的影响时,我究竟在遭受什么?从音乐失去了其世界美化、肯定一切的特性——它不再是颓废的音乐,也不是狄俄尼索斯的长笛。然而,如果音乐的命运对人类来说就像他们自己的生命一样宝贵,因为快乐和痛苦都与它紧密相连;那么他会发现这本小册子相对温和且充满考虑。在这种情况下依然保持愉快,在笑中善意地自嘲——当说实话可以证明任何强硬态度时却依然能够友善地笑对自己,这就是人性。谁会怀疑,作为一个老炮兵的我,如果愿意的话,是否能够把我的重型大炮对准瓦格纳呢?——这个问题中所有重要的部分我都保留给自己——我爱瓦格纳。无论如何,在我的人生任务的意义和路径中,攻击一个比通常更微妙的“未知人物”(其他人可能无法轻易理解)是存在的。哦,除了音乐界的卡廖斯特罗之外,我还得揭露许多其他的“未知人物”!首先,我必须对德国人民发动攻击,他们在精神事务方面日益懒散、本能贫乏且过于诚实,他们以一种令人羡慕的胃口继续饮食于矛盾之中,并在科学与信仰、“基督教之爱”与反犹太主义以及权力意志(“帝国”)与谦卑福音的混合物中吞咽下去,而没有任何消化不良的迹象。想象一下在对立面前这种毫无党派情感的表现!想象一下这种胃部的中立性和“无偏见”!看啊,德国人的味觉,那种所谓的正义感,竟然能够给予所有事物平等的权利——它认为所有东西都同样可口!毫无疑问,德国人是理想主义者。当我最后一次在德国时,我发现德国的品味努力赋予瓦格纳和萨克辛根的号手平等的权利;而我自己也见证了莱比锡人民试图通过成立李斯特协会来纪念一位最真实且最具德国特色的音乐家——这里用“德国”一词保留其古老含义——他不是帝国意义上的德国人,而是大师海因里希·许茨。毫无疑问,德国人是理想主义者。22Butherenothingshallstopmefrombeingrude,andfromtellingtheGermansoneortwounpleasanthometruths:whoelsewoulddoitifIdidnot?Irefertotheirlaxityinmattershistorical.NotonlyhavetheGermansentirelylostthebreadthofvisionwhichenablesonetograspthecourseofcultureandthevaluesofculture;notonlyaretheyoneandallpolitical(orChurch)puppets;buttheyhavealsoactuallyputabanuponthisverybreadthofvision.Amanmustfirstandforemostbe"German,"hemustbelongto"therace";thenonlycanhepassjudgmentuponallvaluesandlackofvaluesinhistory—thenonlycanheestablishthem....TobeGermanisinitselfanargument,"Germany,Germanyaboveall,"[4]isaprinciple;theGermansstandforthe"moralorderoftheuniverse"inhistory;comparedwiththeRomanEmpire,theyaretheup-holdersoffreedom;comparedwiththeeighteenthcentury,theyaretherestorersofmorality,ofthe"CategoricalImperative."ThereissuchathingasthewritingofhistoryaccordingtothelightsofImperialGermany;thereis,Ifear,anti-Semitichistory—thereisalsohistorywrittenwithaneyetotheCourt,andHerrvonTreitschkeisnotashamedofhimself.Quiterecentlyanidioticopinioninhistoricis,anobservationofVischertheSwabianæsthete,sincehappilydeceased,madetheroundoftheGermannewspapersasa"truth"towhicheveryGermanmustassentTheobservationwasthis:"TheRenaissanceandtheReformationonlytogetherconstituteawhole—theæstheticrebirth,andthemoralrebirth."WhenIlistentosuchthings,Iloseallpatience,andIfeelinclined,Ievenfeelitmyduty,totelltheGermans,foronceinaway,allthattheyhaveontheirconscience.Everygreatcrimeagainstcultureforthelastfourcenturiesliesontheirconscience....Andalwaysforthesamereason,alwaysowingtotheirbottomlesscowardiceinthefaceofreality,whichisalsocowardiceinthefaceoftruth;alwaysowingtotheloveoffalsehoodwhichhasbecomealmostinstinctiveinthem—inshort,"idealism."ItwastheGermanswhocausedEuropetolosethefruits,thewholemeaningofherlastperiodofgreatness—theperiodoftheRenaissance.Atamomentwhenahigherorderofvalues,valuesthatwerenoble,thatsaidyeatolife,andthatguaranteedafuture,hadsucceededintriumphingovertheoppositevalues,thevaluesofdegeneration,intheveryseatofChristianityitself,—andevenintheheartsofthosesittingthere,—Luther,thatcursedmonk,notonlyrestoredtheChurch,but,whatwasathousandtimesworse,restoredChristianity,andatatimetoowhenitlaydefeated.Christianity,theDenialoftheWilltoLive,exaltedtoareligion!Lutherwasanimpossiblemonkwho,thankstohisown"impossibility,"attackedtheChurch,andinsodoingrestoredit!CatholicswouldbeperfectlyjustifiedincelebratingfeastsinhonourofLuther,andinproducingfestivalplays[5]inhishonour.Lutherandthe"rebirthofmorality"!Mayallpsychologygotothedevil!WithoutashadowofadoubttheGermansareidealists.Ontwooccasionswhen,atthecostofenormouscourageandself-control,anupright,unequivocal,andperfectlyscientificattitudeofmindhadbeenattained,theGermanswereabletodiscoverbackstairsleadingdowntotheold"ideal"again,compromisesbetweentruthandthe"ideal,"and,inshort,formulæfortherighttorejectscienceandtoperpetratefalsehoods.LeibnizandKant—thesetwogreatbreaksupontheintellectualhonestyofEurope!Finally,atamomentwhenthereappearedonthebridgethatspannedtwocenturiesofdecadence,asuperiorforceofgeniusandwillwhichwasstrongenoughtoconsolidateEuropeandtoconvertitintoapoliticalandeconomicunit,withtheobjectofrulingtheworld,theGermans,withtheirWarsofIndependence,robbedEuropeofthesignificance—themarvelloussignificance,ofNapoleon'slife.Andinsodoingtheylaidontheirconscienceeverythingthatfollowed,everythingthatexiststo-day,—thissicklinessandwantofreasonwhichismostopposedtoculture,andwhichiscalledNationalism,—thisnévrosenationalefromwhichEuropeissufferingacutely;thiseternalsubdivisionofEuropeintopettystates,withpoliticsonamunicipalscale:theyhaverobbedEuropeitselfofitssignificance,ofitsreason,—andhavestuffeditintoacul-de-sac.Isthereanyoneexceptmewhoknowsthewayoutofthiscul-de-sac?DoesanyoneexceptmeknowofanaspirationwhichwouldbegreatenoughtobindthepeopleofEuropeoncemoretogether?但是在这里,没有任何事情能阻止我说出一些不礼貌的话,并告诉德国人一两个令人不悦的真相:如果我不说,还有谁会去做呢?我指的是他们在历史问题上的松懈态度。不仅德国人完全失去了那种能够把握文化进程及其价值的广阔视野;不仅他们个个都是政治(或教会)的傀儡;而且他们实际上还禁止了这种广阔的视野。一个人首先要成为一个“德国人”,他必须属于“这个种族”;只有这样,他才能对历史上的所有价值和非价值作出判断——只有这样,他才能确立这些价值……成为德国人本身就是一种论据,“德国,德国高于一切”,这是一个原则;德国人在历史上代表了“宇宙的道德秩序”;与罗马帝国相比,他们是自由的捍卫者;与十八世纪相比,他们是道德的复兴者,是“绝对命令”的复兴者。存在一种根据德意志帝国的观念来书写历史的方式;我担心也存在反犹太主义的历史——还存在迎合宫廷的历史,特赖奇克先生并不为此感到羞耻。最近,一个愚蠢的历史观点,一位施瓦本美学家维舍尔的观察,在德国报纸上作为每个人都必须认同的“真理”流传开来。这个观察是这样的:“文艺复兴和宗教改革共同构成了一个整体——美学的重生和道德的重生。”当我听到这些话时,我完全失去了耐心,我甚至觉得有责任告诉德国人一次,他们究竟在良心上背负着什么。近四个世纪以来,欧洲每一件文化罪行的后果都由他们承担……原因总是相同的,总是因为他们面对现实时无底的怯懦,这也是他们面对真理时的怯懦;总是因为他们对谎言的本能般的热爱——简而言之,“理想主义”。正是德国人导致欧洲失去了其最后一个伟大时期的成果,那个伟大的时期就是文艺复兴。当一种更高层次的价值观,一种高尚的价值观,在基督教的核心地带,甚至在其信徒的心中取得了胜利,战胜了堕落的价值观时——路德,那个被诅咒的僧侣,不仅恢复了教会,而且,更为糟糕的是,他还恢复了基督教,而且是在基督教遭受失败的时候。基督教,即否定生命意志的信仰,被奉为宗教!路德是一个不可能的僧侣,由于他的“不可能性”,他攻击了教会,却也因此恢复了它!天主教徒完全有理由庆祝路德的节日,并制作以他为主题的戏剧。路德和“道德的重生”!所有的心理学都可以见鬼去!毫无疑问,德国人是理想主义者。在两次通过巨大的勇气和自我控制达到正直、明确且完全科学的态度时,德国人找到了通往旧“理想”后门的途径,找到了真理与“理想”之间的妥协,简而言之,找到了拒绝科学并制造谎言的权利公式。莱布尼茨和康德——这两个欧洲思想诚实性的巨大障碍!最后,在一个横跨两个世纪衰落的桥梁上,出现了一股足以巩固欧洲并将其转化为政治和经济统一单位的卓越天才和意志力,目的是统治世界。然而,德国人通过独立战争剥夺了欧洲对拿破仑生活的意义——那个奇妙的意义。通过这种方式,他们为之后发生的一切负责,为今天存在的所有东西负责——这种与文化最对立的病态和缺乏理性,被称为民族主义——这是欧洲正在承受的慢性病;这是欧洲永远分裂成小国的状态,其政治如同市政规模一般:他们剥夺了欧洲自身的意义和理性,将它困在一个死胡同里。除了我之外,还有谁知道走出这个死胡同的道路?除了我之外,还有谁知道一种足够伟大的抱负,能够再次将欧洲人民团结在一起?33Andafterall,whyshouldInotexpressmysuspicions?Inmycase,too,theGermanswillattempttomakeagreatfategivebirthmerelytoamouse.Uptothepresenttheyhavecompromisedthemselveswithme;Idoubtwhetherthefuturewillimprovethem.Alas!howhappyIshouldbetoproveafalseprophetinthismatter!MynaturalreadersandlistenersarealreadyRussians,Scandinavians,andFrenchmen—willtheyalwaysbethesame?Inthehistoryofknowledge,Germansarerepresentedonlybydoubtfulnames,theyhavebeenabletoproduceonly"unconscious"swindlers(thiswordappliestoFichte,Schelling,Schopenhauer,Hegel,andSchleiermacher,justaswellastoKantorLeibniz;theywereallmereSchleiermachers).[6]TheGermansmustnothavethehonourofseeingthefirstuprightintellectintheirhistoryofintellects,thatintellectinwhichtruthultimatelygotthebetterofthefraudoffourthousandyears,reckonedasonewiththeGermanintellect."Germanintellect"ismyfoulair:Ibreathewithdifficultyintheneighbourhoodofthispsychologicaluncleanlinessthathasnowbecomeinstinctive—anuncleanlinesswhichineverywordandexpressionbetraysaGerman.Theyhaveneverundergoneaseventeenthcenturyofhardself-examination,astheFrenchhave,—aLaRochefoucauld,aDescartes,areathousandtimesmoreuprightthantheveryfirstamongGermans,—thelatterhavenotyethadanypsychologists.Butpsychologyisalmostthestandardofmeasurementforthecleanlinessoruncleanlinessofarace....Forifamanisnotevenclean,howcanhebedeep?TheGermansarelikewomen,youcanscarcelyeverIfathomtheirdepths—theyhaven'tany,andthat'stheendofit.Thustheycannotevenbecalledshallow.Thatwhichiscalled"deep"inGermany,ispreciselythisinstinctiveuncleanlinesstowardsone'sself,ofwhichIhavejustspoken:peoplerefusetobeclearinregardtotheirownnatures.MightIbeallowed,perhaps,tosuggesttheword"German"asaninternationalepithetdenotingthispsychologicaldepravity?—Atthemomentofwriting,forinstance,theGermanEmperorisdeclaringittobehisChristiandutytoliberatetheslavesinAfrica;amongusEuropeans,then,thiswouldbecalledsimply"German."...HavetheGermanseverproducedevenabookthathaddepth?Theyarelackinginthemereideaofwhatconstitutesabook.IhaveknownscholarswhothoughtthatKantwasdeep.AttheCourtofPrussiaIfearthatHerrvonTreitschkeisregardedasdeep.AndwhenIhappentopraiseStendhalasadeeppsychologist,Ihaveoftenbeencompelled,inthecompanyofGermanUniversityProfessors,tospellhisnamealoud.而且,为什么我不应该表达我的怀疑呢?在我的情况下,德国人也会试图让一个伟大的命运仅仅孕育出一只老鼠。到目前为止,他们已经在我面前暴露了自己的问题;我怀疑未来是否会改善他们。唉!如果我能证明自己是一个错误的先知,那该有多好啊!我的自然读者和听众已经是俄罗斯人、斯堪的纳维亚人和法国人——他们会永远是这些人吗?在知识的历史上,德国人只以可疑的名字为代表,他们只能产生“无意识”的骗子(这个词适用于费希特、谢林、叔本华、黑格尔和施莱尔马赫,就像适用于康德或莱布尼茨一样;他们都是纯粹的施莱尔马赫)。德国人不应该有荣幸看到他们在智力史上的第一个正直的头脑,那个最终让四千年来的欺诈败北的头脑,被视为与德国的头脑相等。“德国人的头脑”是我的恶臭空气:我在靠近这种心理不洁的地方呼吸困难,这种不洁已经成为一种本能——在每一个词和表达中都表现出德国人的特性。他们从未经历过法国那样的十七世纪的严格自我反省,拉罗什富科和笛卡尔比德国人中最优秀者——他们甚至还没有任何心理学家——要正直一千倍。但是心理学几乎是衡量一个种族的清洁或不洁的标准……因为如果一个人连干净都不够,他又怎么能深刻呢?德国人像女人一样,你几乎无法探究他们的深度——他们根本没有,事情就这样结束了。因此,他们甚至不能被称为浅薄。在德国所谓的“深刻”,正是我刚才提到的那种对自己本能的不洁——人们拒绝清楚地认识自己的本性。或许我可以被允许用“德国人”这个国际性的词来表示这种心理堕落吗?例如,在写作时,德国皇帝正在宣布解放非洲奴隶是他作为基督徒的责任;在我们欧洲人看来,这不过就是“德国”的表现而已……德国人是否曾经创造出一本有深度的书呢?他们甚至连一本真正的书的概念都没有。我知道一些学者认为康德是深刻的。在普鲁士宫廷里,我担心特赖奇克先生被认为是深刻的。当我称赞司汤达是深刻的心理学家时,我常常不得不在一群德国大学教授面前大声拼写出他的名字。44AndwhyshouldInotproceedtotheend?Iamfondofclearingtheair.ItisevenpartofmyambitiontobeconsideredasessentiallyadespiserofGermans.IexpressedmysuspicionsoftheGermancharacterevenattheageofsix-and-twenty(seeThoughtsoutofSeason,vol.ii.pp.164,165),—tomymindtheGermansareimpossible.WhenItrytothinkofthekindofmanwhoisopposedtomeinallmyinstincts,mymentalimagetakestheformofaGerman.ThefirstthingIaskmyselfwhenIbeginanalysingaman,is,whetherhehasafeelingfordistanceinhim;whetherheseesrank,gradation,andordereverywherebetweenmanandman;whetherhemakesdistinctions;forthisiswhatconstitutesagentleman.Otherwisehebelongshopelesslytothatopen-hearted,open-minded—alas!andalwaysverygood-naturedspecies,lacanaille!ButtheGermansarecanaille—alas!theyaresogood-natured!AmanlowershimselfbyfrequentingthesocietyofGermans:theGermanplaceseveryoneonanequalfooting.Withtheexceptionofmyintercoursewithoneortwoartists,andaboveallwithRichardWagner,IcannotsaythatIhavespentonepleasanthourwithGermans.Suppose,foronemoment,thattheprofoundestspiritofallagesweretoappearamongGermans,thenoneofthesavioursoftheCapitolwouldbesuretoariseanddeclarethathisownuglysoulwasjustasgreat.Icannolongerabidethisracewithwhichamanisalwaysinbadcompany,which;hasnoideaofnuances—woetome!Iamanuance—andwhichhasnotespritinitsfeet,andcannotevenwalkwithal!Inshort,theGermanshavenofeetatall,theysimplyhavelegs.TheGermanshavenotthefaintestideaofhowvulgartheyare—butthisinitselfistheacmeofvulgarity,—theyarenotevenashamedofbeingmerelyGermans.Theywillhavetheirsayineverything,theyregardthemselvesasfittodecideallquestions;Ievenfearthattheyhavedecidedaboutme.Mywholelifeisessentiallyaproofofthisremark.InvainhaveIsoughtamongthemforasignoftactanddelicacytowardsmyself.AmongJewsIdidindeedfindit,butnotamongGermans.Iamsoconstitutedastobegentleandkindlytoeveryone,—Ihavetherightnottodrawdistinctions,—butthisdoesnotpreventmyeyesfrombeingopen.Iexceptnoone,andleastofallmyfriends,—Ionlytrustthatthishasnotprejudicedmyreputationforhumanityamongthem?TherearefiveorsixthingswhichIhavealwaysmadepointsofhonour.Albeit,thetruthremainsthatformanyyearsIhaveconsideredalmosteveryletterthathasreachedmeasapieceofcynicism.Thereismorecynicisminanattitudeofgoodwilltowardsmethaninanysortofhatred.Itelleveryfriendtohisfacethathehasneverthoughtitworthhiswhiletostudyanyoneofmywritings:fromtheslightesthintsIgatherthattheydonotevenknowwhatlieshiddeninmybooks.AndwithregardeventomyZarathustra,whichofmyfriendswouldhaveseenmoreinitthanapieceofunwarrantable,thoughfortunatelyharmless,arrogance?Tenyearshaveelapsed,andnoonehasyetfeltitadutytohisconsciencetodefendmynameagainsttheabsurdsilencebeneathwhichithasbeenentombed.Itwasaforeigner,aDane,whofirstshowedsufficientkeennessofinstinctandofcouragetodothis,andwhoprotestedindignantlyagainstmyso-calledfriends.AtwhatGermanUniversityto-daywouldsuchlecturesonmyphilosophybepossible,asthosewhichDr.BrandesdeliveredlastspringinCopenhagen,thusprovingoncemorehisrighttothetitlepsychologist?Formypart,thesethingshavenevercausedmeanypain;thatwhichisnecessarydoesnotoffendme.Amorfatiisthecoreofmynature.This,however,doesnotalterthefactthatIloveironyandevenworld-historicirony.Andthus,abouttwoyearsbeforehurlingthedestructivethunderboltoftheTransvaluation,whichwillsendthewholeofcivilisationintoconvulsions,IsentmyCaseofWagneroutintotheworld.TheGermansweregiventhechanceofblunderingandimmortalisingtheirstupidityoncemoreonmyaccount,andtheystillhavejustenoughtimetodoitin.Andhavetheyfalleninwithmyplans?Admirably!mydearGermans.Allowmetocongratulateyou.为什么我不应该继续到最后呢?我喜欢澄清空气。甚至可以说,希望被视为蔑视德国人的本质也是我的野心之一。我在二十六岁的时候就表达过对德国人性格的怀疑(见《不合时宜的思想》第二卷,第164、165页),在我看来,德国人是不可能的。当我试图思考与我所有本能相悖的那种人时,我的脑海里会浮现出一个德国人的形象。当我开始分析一个人时,我首先问自己的是,他是否在他身上有一种距离感;他是否在人与人之间看到等级、层次和秩序;他是否做出区分;因为这才是绅士的本质。否则,他不可避免地属于那种心胸开阔、思想开放——唉!而且总是非常善良的那类人,lacanaille(平民)。但是德国人就是canaille——唉!他们确实很善良!一个人与德国人交往会降低自己的身份:德国人把每个人都放在平等的地位上。除了我和一两个艺术家的交往,尤其是理查德·瓦格纳,我不能说我曾和德国人度过愉快的时光。假设最深刻的灵魂出现在德国人中间,那么一定会有某个拯救卡庇托利尼山的人站出来,宣称他的丑陋灵魂同样伟大。我再也无法忍受这个种族,与之相处总让人感觉不自在,他们完全没有细微差别——可惜啊!我是有细微差别的!他们也没有智慧在脚上,甚至无法优雅地行走!简而言之,德国人根本没有脚,他们只是有腿。德国人完全没有意识到自己有多么庸俗——但这本身就是最高级的庸俗——他们甚至都不为自己仅仅是德国人而感到羞耻。他们总想在一切事情上发表意见,认为自己有权决定所有问题;我甚至担心他们已经对我做出了判断。我的整个生命本质上就是这一观点的证明。我曾在他们之中寻找对我表示礼貌和体贴的迹象,却徒劳无功。在犹太人那里,我确实找到了这种品质,但在德国人那里没有。我生性温柔善良,对每个人都是如此——我有权不分彼此——但这并不妨碍我睁大眼睛。我不会排除任何人,尤其是我的朋友——我希望这并没有损害我在他们心目中的仁慈形象?有五、六件事是我始终视为荣誉的事情。尽管如此,事实仍然是多年来我几乎把收到的每一封信都视为一种讽刺。在善意的态度中存在更多的讽刺,比任何形式的仇恨都要多。我当面告诉每一个朋友,他从未觉得值得去研究我的任何著作:从一些细微的暗示中我可以得知,他们甚至不知道我的书中隐藏着什么。至于我的《查拉图斯特拉》,又有哪个朋友会从中看出比一种不正当的、幸运的是无害的傲慢更多的东西呢?十年过去了,还没有一个人觉得有必要出于良知为我的名誉辩护,以反对那将我的名字埋葬的荒谬沉默。是一位外国人,一位丹麦人,第一个表现出足够的敏锐直觉和勇气来做到这一点,并对所谓的朋友们表示愤怒抗议。当今哪所德国大学能够像布兰德斯博士去年春天在哥本哈根所做的那样,讲授关于我的哲学的课程,从而再次证明他作为心理学家的权利呢?对我来说,这些事情从未让我感到痛苦;必要的事情并不会冒犯我。Amorfati(爱命运)是我的天性核心。然而,这并不改变这样一个事实,即我喜爱讽刺,甚至世界历史性的讽刺。因此,在抛出颠覆性的雷电般的《价值重估》之前约两年,我将我的《瓦格纳事件》送入了世界。德国人又一次有机会在我的身上犯错并彰显他们的愚蠢,他们还有足够的时间这样做。他们是否按照我的计划行事了呢?太棒了!亲爱的德国人。请允许我向你们祝贺。[1]ThemottoofTheCaseofWagner.—TR.[1]《瓦格纳事件》的座右铭。—译者注[2]AnoperabyNesslerwhichwasalltherageinGermanytwentyyearsago.—TR.[2]二十年前在德国风靡一时的内斯勒创作的歌剧。—TR.[3]UnfortunatelyitisimpossibletorenderthisplayonthewordsinEnglish.—TR.[3]不幸的是,用英文无法准确表达这句话的含义。—TR.[4]TheGermanNationalSong(Deutschland,Deutschlandüberalles).—TR.[4]德意志国歌(Deutschland,Deutschlandüberalles)—TR.[5]Eversincetheyear1617suchplayshavebeenproducedbytheProtestantsofGermany.—TR.[5]自1617年以来,新教徒们就在德国上演这样的戏剧。—TR.[6]Schleiermacherliterallymeansaweaverormakerofveils.—TR.[6]施勒伊马赫literally指的是制作面纱的工匠或编织者。—译者