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Wemightraisesimilarquestionsabouttheoneandthemany。For
ifthemanyareabsolutelyopposedtotheone，certainimpossible
resultsfollow。Onewillthenbefew，whetherfewbetreatedhereas
singularorplural；forthemanyareopposedalsotothefew。Further，
twowillbemany，sincethedoubleismultipleand’double’derives
itsmeaningfrom’two’；thereforeonewillbefew；forwhatisthatin
comparisonwithwhichtwoaremany，exceptone，whichmusttherefore
befew？Forthereisnothingfewer。Further，ifthemuchandthe
littleareinpluralitywhatthelongandtheshortareinlength，and
whateverismuchisalsomany，andthemanyaremuch(unless，
indeed，thereisadifferenceinthecaseofaneasily-bounded
continuum)，thelittle(orfew)willbeaplurality。Thereforeone
isapluralityifitisfew；andthisitmustbe，iftwoaremany。But
perhaps，whilethe’many’areinasensesaidtobealso’much’，itis
withadifference；e。g。waterismuchbutnotmany。But’many’is
appliedtothethingsthataredivisible；intheonesenseitmeans
apluralitywhichisexcessiveeitherabsolutelyorrelatively
(while’few’issimilarlyapluralitywhichisdeficient)，andin
anothersenseitmeansnumber，inwhichsensealoneitisopposedto
theone。Forwesay’oneormany’，justasifoneweretosay’oneand
ones’or’whitethingandwhitethings’，ortocomparethethingsthat
havebeenmeasuredwiththemeasure。Itisinthissensealsothat
multiplesaresocalled。Foreachnumberissaidtobemanybecauseit
consistsofonesandbecauseeachnumberismeasurablebyone；and
itis’many’asthatwhichisopposedtoone，nottothefew。In
thissense，then，eventwoismany-not，however，inthesenseofa
pluralitywhichisexcessiveeitherrelativelyorabsolutely；itis
thefirstplurality。Butwithoutqualificationtwoisfew；foritis
firstpluralitywhichisdeficient(forthisreasonAnaxagoraswasnot
rightinleavingthesubjectwiththestatementthat’allthings
weretogether，boundlessbothinpluralityandinsmallness’-wherefor
’andinsmallness’heshouldhavesaid’andinfewness’；forthey
couldnothavebeenboundlessinfewness)，sinceitisnotone，as
somesay，buttwo，thatmakeafew。
Theoneisopposedthentothemanyinnumbersasmeasuretothing
measurable；andtheseareopposedasaretherelativeswhicharenot
fromtheirverynaturerelatives。Wehavedistinguishedelsewhere
thetwosensesinwhichrelativesaresocalled:-(1)ascontraries；
(2)asknowledgetothingknown，atermbeingcalledrelative
becauseanotherisrelativetoit。Thereisnothingtopreventone
frombeingfewerthansomething，e。g。thantwo；forifoneisfewer，
itisnotthereforefew。Pluralityisasitweretheclasstowhich
numberbelongs；fornumberispluralitymeasurablebyone，andoneand
numberareinasenseopposed，notascontrary，butaswehavesaid
somerelativetermsareopposed；forinasmuchasoneismeasureand
theothermeasurable，theyareopposed。Thisiswhynoteverything
thatisoneisanumber；i。e。ifthethingisindivisibleitisnot
anumber。Butthoughknowledgeissimilarlyspokenofasrelativeto
theknowable，therelationdoesnotworkoutsimilarly；forwhile
knowledgemightbethoughttobethemeasure，andtheknowablethe
thingmeasured，thefactthatallknowledgeisknowable，butnotall
thatisknowableisknowledge，becauseinasenseknowledgeis
measuredbytheknowable-Pluralityiscontraryneithertothefew
(themanybeingcontrarytothisasexcessivepluralitytoplurality
exceeded)，nortotheoneineverysense；butintheonesense
