下载辰思小说免费APP
Thus，then，arenaturalproductsproduced；allotherproductions
arecalled’makings’。Andallmakingsproceedeitherfromartor
fromafacultyorfromthought。Someofthemhappenalsospontaneously
orbyluckjustasnaturalproductssometimesdo；fortherealsothe
samethingssometimesareproducedwithoutseedaswellasfrom
seed。Concerningthesecases，then，wemustinquirelater，butfrom
artproceedthethingsofwhichtheformisinthesouloftheartist。
(ByformImeantheessenceofeachthinganditsprimary
substance。)Forevencontrarieshaveinasensethesameform；forthe
substanceofaprivationistheoppositesubstance，e。g。healthisthe
substanceofdisease(fordiseaseistheabsenceofhealth)；and
healthistheformulainthesoulortheknowledgeofit。The
healthysubjectisproducedastheresultofthefollowingtrainof
thought:-sincethisishealth，ifthesubjectistobehealthythis
mustfirstbepresent，e。g。auniformstateofbody，andifthisisto
bepresent，theremustbeheat；andthephysiciangoesonthinking
thusuntilhereducesthemattertoafinalsomethingwhichhehimself
canproduce。Thentheprocessfromthispointonward，i。e。theprocess
towardshealth，iscalleda’making’。Thereforeitfollowsthatina
sensehealthcomesfromhealthandhousefromhouse，thatwith
matterfromthatwithoutmatter；forthemedicalartandthe
buildingartaretheformofhealthandofthehouse，andwhenIspeak
ofsubstancewithoutmatterImeantheessence。
Oftheproductionsorprocessesonepartiscalledthinkingand
theothermaking，-thatwhichproceedsfromthestarting-pointand
theformisthinking，andthatwhichproceedsfromthefinalstepof
thethinkingismaking。Andeachoftheother，intermediate，thingsis
producedinthesameway。Imean，forinstance，ifthesubjectisto
behealthyhisbodilystatemustbemadeuniform。Whatthendoesbeing
madeuniformimply？Thisorthat。Andthisdependsonhisbeingmade
warm。Whatdoesthisimply？Somethingelse。Andthissomethingis
presentpotentially；andwhatispresentpotentiallyisalreadyinthe
physician’spower。
Theactiveprinciplethenandthestartingpointfortheprocess
ofbecominghealthyis，ifithappensbyart，theforminthesoul，
andifspontaneously，itisthat，whateveritis，whichstartsthe
making，forthemanwhomakesbyart，asinhealingthestarting-point
isperhapstheproductionofwarmth(andthisthephysicianproduces
byrubbing)。Warmthinthebody，then，iseitherapartofhealthor
isfollowed(eitherdirectlyorthroughseveralintermediatesteps)by
somethingsimilarwhichisapartofhealth；andthis，viz。thatwhich
producesthepartofhealth，isthelimiting-point——andsotoowith
ahouse(thestonesarethelimiting-pointhere)andinallother
cases。Therefore，asthesayinggoes，itisimpossiblethatanything
shouldbeproducediftherewerenothingexistingbefore。Obviously
thensomepartoftheresultwillpre-existofnecessity；forthe
matterisapart；forthisispresentintheprocessanditisthis
thatbecomessomething。Butisthematteranelementeveninthe
formula？Wecertainlydescribeinbothwayswhatbrazencirclesare；
wedescribeboththematterbysayingitisbrass，andtheformby
sayingthatitissuchandsuchafigure；andfigureisthe
proximategenusinwhichitisplaced。Thebrazencircle，then，has
itsmatterinitsformula。
Asforthatoutofwhichasmattertheyareproduced，some
thingsaresaid，whentheyhavebeenproduced，tobenotthatbut
’thaten’；e。g。thestatueisnotgoldbutgolden。Andahealthymanis
notsaidtobethatfromwhichhehascome。Thereasonisthat
thoughathingcomesbothfromitsprivationandfromits
substratum，whichwecallitsmatter(e。g。whatbecomeshealthyis
bothamanandaninvalid)，itissaidtocomeratherfromits
privation(e。g。itisfromaninvalidratherthanfromamanthata
healthysubjectisproduced)。Andsothehealthysubjectisnotsaid
toheaninvalid，buttobeaman，andthemanissaidtobe
healthy。Butasforthethingswhoseprivationisobscureand
nameless，e。g。inbrasstheprivationofaparticularshapeorin
bricksandtimbertheprivationofarrangementasahouse，thething
isthoughttobeproducedfromthesematerials，asintheformer
