下载辰思小说免费APP
WEhavesaidpreviously，inourdistinctionofthevarious
meaningsofwords，that’one’hasseveralmeanings；thethingsthat
aredirectlyandoftheirownnatureandnotaccidentallycalledone
maybesummarizedunderfourheads，thoughthewordisusedinmore
senses。(1)Thereisthecontinuous，eitheringeneral，or
especiallythatwhichiscontinuousbynatureandnotbycontactnor
bybeingtogether；andofthese，thathasmoreunityandisprior，
whosemovementismoreindivisibleandsimpler。(2)Thatwhichisa
wholeandhasacertainshapeandformisoneinastillhigher
degree；andespeciallyifathingisofthissortbynature，andnot
byforcelikethethingswhichareunifiedbyglueornailsorby
beingtiedtogether，i。e。ifithasinitselfthecauseofits
continuity。Athingisofthissortbecauseitsmovementisoneand
indivisibleinplaceandtime；sothatevidentlyifathinghasby
natureaprincipleofmovementthatisofthefirstkind(i。e。local
movement)andthefirstinthatkind(i。e。circularmovement)，thisis
intheprimarysenseoneextendedthing。Somethings，then，areonein
thisway，quacontinuousorwhole，andtheotherthingsthatareone
arethosewhosedefinitionisone。Ofthissortarethethingsthe
thoughtofwhichisone，i。e。thosethethoughtofwhichis
indivisible；anditisindivisibleifthethingisindivisibleinkind
orinnumber。(3)Innumber，then，theindividualisindivisible，
and(4)inkind，thatwhichinintelligibilityandinknowledgeis
indivisible，sothatthatwhichcausessubstancestobeonemustbe
oneintheprimarysense。’One’，then，hasallthesemeanings-the
naturallycontinuousandthewhole，andtheindividualandthe
universal。Andalltheseareonebecauseinsomecasesthemovement，
inothersthethoughtorthedefinitionisindivisible。
Butitmustbeobservedthatthequestions，whatsortofthings
aresaidtobeone，andwhatitistobeoneandwhatisthe
definitionofit，shouldnotbeassumedtobethesame。’One’has
allthesemeanings，andeachofthethingstowhichoneofthesekinds
ofunitybelongswillbeone；but’tobeone’willsometimesmean
beingoneofthesethings，andsometimesbeingsomethingelsewhichis
evennearertothemeaningoftheword’one’whiletheseother
thingsapproximatetoitsapplication。Thisisalsotrueof
’element’or’cause’，ifonehadbothtospecifythethingsofwhich
itispredicableandtorenderthedefinitionoftheword。Forina
sensefireisanelement(anddoubtlessalso’theindefinite’or
somethingelseofthesortisbyitsownnaturetheelement)，butina
senseitisnot；foritisnotthesamethingtobefireandtobe
anelement，butwhileasaparticularthingwithanatureofitsown
fireisanelement，thename’element’meansthatithasthis
attribute，thatthereissomethingwhichismadeofitasaprimary
constituent。Andsowith’cause’and’one’andallsuchterms。For
thisreason，too，’tobeone’means’tobeindivisible，being
essentiallyonemeansa“this“andcapableofbeingisolatedeitherin
place，orinformorthought’；orperhaps’tobewholeand
indivisible’；butitmeansespecially’tobethefirstmeasureofa
kind’，andmoststrictlyofquantity；foritisfromthisthatit
hasbeenextendedtotheothercategories。Formeasureisthatby
whichquantityisknown；andquantityquaquantityisknowneither
bya’one’orbyanumber，andallnumberisknownbya’one’。
Thereforeallquantityquaquantityisknownbytheone，andthatby
whichquantitiesareprimarilyknownistheoneitself；andsotheone
isthestarting-pointofnumberquanumber。Andhenceintheother
classestoo’measure’meansthatbywhicheachisfirstknown，andthe
measureofeachisaunit-inlength，inbreadth，indepth，in
weight，inspeed。(Thewords’weight’and’speed’arecommontoboth
contraries；foreachofthemhastwomeanings-’weight’meansb
