下载辰思小说免费APP
Sinceadefinitionisaformula，andeveryformulahasparts，
andastheformulaistothething，soisthepartoftheformulato
thepartofthething，thequestionisalreadybeingaskedwhetherthe
formulaofthepartsmustbepresentintheformulaofthewholeor
not。Forinsomecasestheformulaeofthepartsareseentobe
present，andinsomenot。Theformulaofthecircledoesnotinclude
thatofthesegments，butthatofthesyllableincludesthatofthe
letters；yetthecircleisdividedintosegmentsasthesyllableis
intoletters-Andfurtherifthepartsarepriortothewhole，andthe
acuteangleisapartoftherightangleandthefingerapartof
theanimal，theacuteanglewillbepriortotherightangleand
fingertotheman。Butthelatterarethoughttobeprior；forin
formulathepartsareexplainedbyreferencetothem，andinrespect
alsoofthepowerofexistingapartfromeachotherthewholesare
priortotheparts。
Perhapsweshouldrathersaythat’part’isusedinseveral
senses。Oneoftheseis’thatwhichmeasuresanotherthingin
respectofquantity’。Butletthissensebesetaside；letus
inquireaboutthepartsofwhichsubstanceconsists。Ifthenmatteris
onething，formanother，thecompoundoftheseathird，andboththe
matterandtheformandthecompoundaresubstanceeventhematter
isinasensecalledpartofathing，whileinasenseitisnot，
butonlytheelementsofwhichtheformulaoftheformconsists。
E。g。ofconcavityflesh(forthisisthematterinwhichitis
produced)isnotapart，butofsnubnessitisapart；andthe
bronzeisapartoftheconcretestatue，butnotofthestatuewhen
thisisspokenofinthesenseoftheform。(Fortheform，orthe
thingashavingform，shouldbesaidtobethething，butthematerial
elementbyitselfmustneverbesaidtobeso。)Andsotheformula
ofthecircledoesnotincludethatofthesegments，buttheformula
ofthesyllableincludesthatoftheletters；forthelettersare
partsoftheformulaoftheform，andnotmatter，butthesegmentsare
partsinthesenseofmatteronwhichtheformsupervenes；yetthey
arenearertheformthanthebronzeiswhenroundnessisproducedin
bronze。Butinasensenoteveneverykindofletterwillbepresent
intheformulaofthesyllable，e。g。particularwaxenlettersorthe
lettersasmovementsintheair；forinthesealsowehavealready
somethingthatispartofthesyllableonlyinthesensethatitis
itsperceptiblematter。Forevenifthelinewhendividedpasses
awayintoitshalves，orthemanintobonesandmusclesandflesh，
itdoesnotfollowthattheyarecomposedoftheseaspartsoftheir
essence，butratherasmatter；andthesearepartsoftheconcrete
thing，butnotalsooftheform，i。e。ofthattowhichtheformula
refers；whereforealsotheyarenotpresentintheformulae。Inone
kindofformula，then，theformulaofsuchpartswillbepresent，
butinanotheritmustnotbepresent，wheretheformuladoesnot
refertotheconcreteobject。Foritisforthisreasonthatsome
thingshaveastheirconstituentprinciplespartsintowhichtheypass
away，whilesomehavenot。Thosethingswhicharetheformandthe
mattertakentogether，e。g。thesnub，orthebronzecircle，pass
awayintothesematerials，andthematterisapartofthem；butthose
thingswhichdonotinvolvematterbutarewithoutmatter，andwhose
formulaeareformulaeoftheformonly，donotpassaway，-eithernot
atalloratanyratenotinthisway。Thereforethesematerialsare
principlesandpartsoftheconcretethings，whileoftheformthey
areneitherpartsnorprinciples。Andthereforetheclaystatueis
resolvedintoclayandtheballintobronzeandCalliasintofleshand
bones，andagainthecircleintoitssegments；forthereisasenseof
’circle’inwhichinvolvesmatter。For’circle’isusedambiguously，
meaningboththecircle，unqualified，andtheindividualcircle，
becausethereisnonamepeculiartotheindividuals。
Thetruthhasindeednowbeenstated，butstillletusstateit
yetmoreclearly，takingupthequestionagain。Thepartsofthe
formula，intowhichtheformulaisdivided，arepriortoit，eith
