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我的第一堂阅读课Thistellshowhehimselfbecameanintelligentstudent.ItwasprobablywrittenwhilehewasstudyingtheschoolsofSaxony.ThesewerethemodelsforAmericasothatthepresenteducationalsystemhereisalongthelinesheadvocated.Asachildhehadwrittenapoem,“ByEducationtheFatherlandGainsinSplendor”.这讲述了他是如何成为一位聪明的学生的。这可能是在他学习萨克森学校时写的。这些学校是美国的榜样,因此这里的现行教育体系是沿着他所倡导的方向发展的。作为孩子,他曾写过一首诗,“通过教育祖国获得辉煌”。IrememberthetimewhenIhadnotseenanyotherriverthantheonenearmytown.Itwasasclearascrystal,andjoyous,too,asitranonitscourse.Butitwasshadedbybambooswhoseboughsbenttoeverybreezeasifalwayscomplaining.Thatwasmyonlyworld.Itwasboundedatthebackbythebluemountainsofmyprovince.Itwasboundedinfrontbythewhitesurfaceofthelake.Thelakewasassmoothasamirror.Gracefulsailsweretobeseeneverywhereonit.我记得那时我只见过家乡附近的那条河。它像水晶一样清澈,奔流时也充满欢乐。但河岸被竹子遮蔽着,竹枝随风摇曳,仿佛总是抱怨着。那是我的整个世界。它后面是省里的蓝色山脉,前面是湖面的白色区域。湖面光滑如镜,到处都能看到优美的船帆。Atthatage,storiespleasedmegreatlyand,withallmysoul,Ibelievedwhateverwasinthebooks.ThereweregoodreasonswhyIshould.Myparentstoldmetobeverycarefulofmybooks.Theyurgedmetoreadandunderstandthem.Buttheypunishedmefortheleastlie.在那个年纪,故事让我非常高兴,并且我全心全意地相信书中的一切。我有充分的理由这样做。我的父母告诉我要非常小心对待我的书。他们鼓励我阅读并理解它们。但只要我撒了最轻微的谎,他们就会惩罚我。Myfirstrecollectionofrecitingmylettersreachesbacktomybabyhood.Imusthavebeenverylittlethen,forwhentheyrubbedthefloorofourhousewithbananaleavesIalmostfelldown.Islippedonthepolishedsurfaceasbeginnersinskatingdoonice.Ittookgreateffortformetoclimbintoachair.Iwentdownstairsstepbystep.Iclungtoeachroundofthebaluster.我第一次回忆起背诵我的信件是在我婴儿时期。那时我一定非常小,因为当他们用芭蕉叶擦我们房子的地板时,我几乎摔倒了。我像初学滑冰的人在冰上一样,在光滑的表面上滑倒了。我费了很大的力气才爬到椅子上。我一步一步地下楼,紧紧抓住扶手的每一个圆柱。Inourhouse,asinallothersinthetown,keroseneoilwasunknown.Ihadneverseenalampinourtown,noracarriageonourstreets.YetIthoughtKalambawasaverygayandlivelytown.Onenight,allthefamily,exceptmymotherandmyself,wenttobedearly.Why,Idonotknow,butwetworemainedsittingalone.Thecandleshadalreadybeenputout.Theyhadbeenblownoutintheirglobesbymeansofacurvedtubeoftin.Thattubeseemedtomethefinestandmostwonderfulplaythingintheworld.Theroomwasdimlylightedbyasinglelightofcoconutoil.InallFilipinohomessuchalightburnsthroughthenight.Itgoesoutjustatday-breaktoawakenpeoplebyitsspluttering.在我们家,就像镇上其他所有家庭一样,煤油是不知道的。我从未在我们镇上看见过灯,也没有见过马车在街上行驶。然而我认为卡拉姆巴是一个非常热闹和充满活力的城镇。一天晚上,除了我的母亲和我之外,全家人都早早地上床睡觉了。我不知道为什么,但我们两人独自坐着。蜡烛已经熄灭了。它们是通过一根弯管用锡制成的,把蜡烛吹灭在玻璃罩里。那根管子在我看来是世界上最精致、最奇妙的玩具。房间里只有一盏椰子油灯,光线很暗。在所有的菲律宾家庭中,这样的灯整夜燃烧。它在黎明时分熄灭,通过它的爆裂声唤醒人们。MymotherwasteachingmetoreadinaSpanishreadercalled“TheChildren’sFriend.”Thiswasquiteararebookandanoldcopy.Ithadlostitscoverandmysisterhadcleverlymadeanewone.Shehadfastenedasheetofthickbluepaperoverthebackandthencovereditwithapieceofcloth.我的母亲正在用一本名为“儿童之友”的西班牙语读本教我阅读。这是一本相当罕见且老旧的书。它已经失去了封面,我的姐姐聪明地做了一个新的封面。她在书背上面放了一张厚的蓝色纸,然后又用一块布覆盖上。Thisnightmymotherbecameimpatientwithhearingmereadsopoorly.IdidnotunderstandSpanishandsoIcouldnotreadwithexpression.Shetookthebookfromme.Firstshescoldedmefordrawingfunnypicturesonitspages.Thenshetoldmetolistenandshebegantoread.Whenhersightwasgood,shereadverywell.Shecouldrecitewell,andsheunderstoodverse-making,too.ManytimesduringChristmasvacations,mymothercorrectedmypoeticalcompositions,andshealwaysmadevaluablecriticisms.这一晚,母亲对我读得这么差感到不耐烦。我不懂西班牙语,因此无法有感情地朗读。她从我手中拿走了书。首先,她责备我在书页上画了滑稽的图画。然后,她让我听她读。当她视力好的时候,她读得非常好。她能很好地背诵,并且也懂得写诗。在圣诞节假期期间,母亲多次修改我的诗歌作品,她总是提出很有价值的批评。Ilistenedtoher,fullofchildishenthusiasm.Imarveledatthenice-soundingphraseswhichshereadfromthosesamepages.Thephrasesshereadsoeasilystoppedmeateverybreath.PerhapsIgrewtiredoflisteningtosoundsthathadnomeaningforme.PerhapsIlackedself-control.Anyway,Ipaidlittleattentiontothereading.Iwaswatchingthecheerfulflame.Aboutit,somelittlemothswerecirclinginplayfulflights.Bychance,too,Iyawned.MymothersoonnoticedthatIwasnotinterested.Shestoppedreading.Thenshesaidtome:“Iamgoingtoreadyouaveryprettystory.Nowpayattention.”我聆听着她的话语,充满着幼稚的热情。我对她从同一页面上读出的悦耳词句感到惊讶。她轻松地读出的句子让我在每口气息间都停了下来。也许我对那些对我而言没有意义的声音感到厌倦了。也许我缺乏自控力。不管怎样,我对朗读的内容并没有给予太多注意。我在看着那欢快的火焰。一些小飞蛾正在愉快地绕着火焰飞行。碰巧的是,我也打了个哈欠。我的母亲很快注意到我不感兴趣。她停止了朗读。然后她对我说:“我要给你讲一个非常漂亮的故事。现在请注意听。”Onhearingtheword“story”Iatonceopenedmyeyeswide.Theword“story”promisedsomethingnewandwonderful.Iwatchedmymotherwhilesheturnedtheleavesofthebook,asifshewerelookingforsomething.ThenIsettleddowntolisten.Iwasfullofcuriosityandwonder.IhadneverevendreamedthattherewerestoriesintheoldbookwhichIreadwithoutunderstanding.Mymotherbegantoreadmethefableoftheyoungmothandtheoldone.ShetranslateditintoTagalogalittleatatime.一听到“故事”这个词,我立刻睁大了眼睛。这个词“故事”承诺着一些新奇而奇妙的东西。我看着母亲翻动书页,仿佛她在寻找什么。然后我安静下来聆听。我充满了好奇和惊奇。我从未想过,那本我读而不懂的旧书里竟然有故事。我母亲开始给我读关于一只小飞蛾和一只老飞蛾的寓言。她一点一点地把它翻译成他加禄语。Myattentionincreasedfromthefirstsentence.Ilookedtowardthelightandfixedmygazeonthemothswhichwerecirclingaroundit.Thestorycouldnothavebeenbettertimed.Mymotherrepeatedthewarningoftheoldmoth.Shedweltuponitanddirectedittome.Iheardher,butitisacuriousthingthatthelightseemedtomeeachtimemorebeautiful,theflamemoreattractive.Ireallyenviedthefortuneoftheinsects.Theyfrolickedsojoyouslyinitsenchantingsplendorthattheoneswhichhadfallenandbeendrownedintheoildidnotcausemeanydread.我的注意力从第一句话开始增强了。我望向那光,把目光固定在围绕它飞舞的飞蛾上。这个故事出现的时机再好不过了。我的母亲重复了老飞蛾的警告。她反复强调,并且把它告诉了我。我听到了她的话,但奇怪的是,每次我觉得那光更加美丽,火焰更具吸引力。我真的羡慕这些昆虫的运气。它们在那迷人的辉煌中如此欢乐地嬉戏,那些掉下去被油淹死的飞蛾并没有让我感到任何恐惧。MymotherkeptonreadingandIlistenedbreathlessly.Thefateofthetwoinsectsinterestedmegreatly.Theflamerolleditsgoldentonguetoonesideandamothwhichthismovementhadsingedfellintotheoil,flutteredforatimeandthenbecamequiet.Thatbecameformeagreatevent.AcuriouschangecameovermewhichIhavealwaysnoticedinmyselfwheneveranythinghasstirredmyfeelings.Theflameandthemothseemedtogofartherawayandmymother’svoicesoundedstrangeanduncanny.Ididnotnoticewhensheendedthefable.Allmyattentionwasfixedonthefateoftheinsect.Iwatcheditwithmywholesoul.Igavetoitmyeverythought.Ithaddiedamartyrtoitsillusions.我母亲继续读着,我屏住呼吸地听着。那两只昆虫的命运让我非常感兴趣。火焰的金色舌头向一边伸去,一只被这动作烫伤的飞蛾掉进了油里,扑腾了一段时间后便安静下来了。这对我来说是一件大事。一种奇怪的变化出现在我身上,每当我有什么事情触动我的情感时,我总是会注意到这种变化。火焰和飞蛾似乎变得越来越远,我母亲的声音听起来既陌生又诡异。我不记得她什么时候讲完了这个寓言。我的全部注意力都集中在那只昆虫的命运上。我用整个灵魂注视着它。我把所有的思绪都倾注在它身上。它为了自己的幻想而死,成为了一个殉道者。Assheputmetobed,mymothersaid:“Seethatyoudonotbehaveliketheyoungmoth.Don’tbecomedisobedient,oryoumaygetburntasitdid.”IdonotknowwhetherIansweredornot.Idon’tknowwhetherIpromisedanythingorwhetherIcried.ButIdorememberthatitwasalongtimebeforeIfellasleep.Thestoryrevealedtomethingsuntilthenunknown.Mothsnolongerwere,forme,insignificantinsects.Mothstalked;theyknewhowtowarn.Theyadvised,justlikemymother.Thelightseemedtomemorebeautiful.Ithadgrownmoredazzlingandmoreattractive.Iknewwhythemothscircledtheflame.当母亲把我放到床上时,她说:“注意不要像那只小飞蛾那样行为。不要变得不听话,否则你可能会像它一样被烧伤。”我不知道我有没有回答。我不知道我是否做出了什么承诺,或者我是否哭了。但我记得我在入睡之前很久都一直醒着。这个故事向我揭示了一些以前不知道的事情。对我来说,飞蛾不再只是微不足道的昆虫了。飞蛾会说话;它们知道如何警告。它们会给予建议,就像我的母亲一样。在我看来,灯光变得更加美丽了。它变得更加耀眼和吸引人。我知道为什么飞蛾会围绕着火焰飞舞。Theadviceandwarningssoundedfeeblyinmyears.WhatIthoughtofmostwasthedeathoftheheedlessmoth.ButinthedepthofmyheartIdidnotblameit.Mymother’scarehadnothadquitetheresultsheintended.这些建议和警告在我耳边显得微弱无力。我最在意的是那个粗心的飞蛾的死亡。但在我内心深处,我没有责怪它。我母亲的关怀并没有达到她预期的效果。Yearshavepassedsincethen.Thechildhasbecomeaman.Hehascrossedthemostfamousriversofothercountries.Hehasstudiedbesidetheirbroadstreams.Hehascrossedseasandoceans.HehasclimbedmountainsmuchhigherthantheMakilingofhisnativeprovince,uptoperpetualsnow.Hehasreceivedfromexperiencebitterlessons,muchmorebitterthanthatsweetteachingwhichhismothergavehim.Yet,inspiteofall,themanstillkeepstheheartofachild.Hestillthinksthatlightisthemostbeautifulthingincreation,andthattosacrificeone’slifeforitisworthwhile.自从那时以来,已经过去了许多年。那个孩子已经成长为一个男人。他渡过了其他国家最著名的河流。他曾在它们的广阔江河旁学习。他渡过了海洋和大海。他攀登了比他家乡省份的马金林山还要高得多的山脉,直至永恒的冰雪。他从经验中接受了痛苦的教训,比他母亲给予他的甜美教导要痛苦得多。然而,尽管如此,这个男人仍然保持着一颗孩童的心。他仍然认为光是创造中最美丽的事物,为了它而牺牲生命是值得的。何塞·布尔戈斯教授。他于1872年被不公正地处决。关于他,黎刹写道:“Heawakenedmyintellectandmademeunderstandgoodnessandjustice.HisfarewellwordsIshallalwaysremember:‘IhavetriedtopassontoyouwhatIreceivedfrommyteachers.Doyounowdothesameforthosewhocomeafteryou?’”“他唤醒了我的智慧,让我明白了善良和正义。他的临别赠言我将永远铭记:“我努力把我从老师那里学到的传授给你们。现在你们也要这样做,把你们所学的传给后来的人。”