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66。Essay,i,75(bk。
i,ch。v)。
67。Ibid。,(bk。ii,ch。vi)。
68。Essay,ii,318
(bk。iv,ch。vi)。
69。Essay,ii,315
(bk。iv。ch。v)。
70。Ibid。,ii,326(bk。iv,ch。vi)。
71。Ibid。,ii,78(bk。iii,ch。v)。
72。Essay,ii,454
(Appendix)。
73Ibid。,ii,82(bk。iii,ch。vi)。
74。Ibid。,ii,90(bk。iii,ch。vi)。
75。Senior’sThreeLectures,p。86。
76。Senior’sThreeLectures,p。60。
77。Essay,i,534
(bk。ii,ch。xiii)。
78。Smith’sWorks(1859),i,295。
79。ObservationsontheEffectsoftheCorn-Laws,1814;InquiryintotheNatureandProgressofRent,1815;andTheGroundsofanOpiniononthePolicyofrestrictingtheImportationofForeignCorn,intendedasanappendixtotheObservationsontheCorn-Laws。
80。InquiryintoRent,p。1。
81。Ibid。,p。16。
82。Essay,ii,35
(bk。iii,ch。ii)。
83InquiryintoRent,p。20。
84。Ibid。,p。18。
85。Ibid。,p。38。
86。InquiryintoRent,p。
20。
87。Ibid。,p。37。
88。EssaysontheApplicationofCapitaltoLand,byaFellowofUniversityCollege,Oxford,1815。
89。Essay,p。19。
90。InAnInquiryintotheNatureoftheCorn-Laws,andagain(1801)inObservationsonAgriculture,etc。,vol。v,401-51。
91。PoliticalWorks,i,485,etc。Inthispaper,Imayadd,Cobbett,notyetaRadical,acceptsMalthus’sviewofthetendencyofthehumanspeciestomultiplymorequicklythanitssupport。HedoesnotmentionMalthus,butspeaksofthebeliefasuniversallyadmitted,andafterwardsillustratesitamusinglybysayingthat,inhisploughboydays,heusedtowonderthattherewasalwaysjustenoughhayforthehorsesandenoughhorsesforthehay。
Chapter5:RicardoI。Ricardo’sStarting-PointDavidRicardo,1born19thApril1772,wasthesonofaDutchJewwhohadsettledinEngland,andmademoneyupontheStockExchange。Ricardohadadesultoryeducation,andwasemployedinbusinessfromhisboyhood。Heabandonedhisfather’screed,andmarriedanEnglishwomansoonafterreachinghismajority。Hesetupforhimselfinbusiness,and,atatimewhenfinancialtransactionsuponanunprecedentedscaleweregivinggreatopportunitiesforspeculators,hemadealargefortune,andabout1814boughtanestateatGatcombePark,Gloucestershire。Hewithdrewsoonafterwardsfrombusiness,andin1819
becamememberofparliament。Hisdeathon11thSeptember1823cutshortapoliticalcareerfromwhichhisperhapstoosanguinefriendsanticipatedgreatresults。Hisinfluenceinhisowndepartmentofinquiryhadbeen,meanwhile,ofthegreatestimportance。Hehadshowninhisyouthsomeinclinationforscientificpursuits;heestablishedalaboratory,andbecameamemberofscientificsocieties。TheperusalofAdamSmith’sWealthofNationsin1799gavehimaninterestintheapplicationofscientificmethodstothequestionswithwhichhewasmostconversant。AcceptingAdamSmithastheleadingauthority,heproceededtothinkoutforhimselfc