下载辰思小说免费APP
在我待在华盛顿的这一年,以及在此之前的一段时间里,西弗吉尼亚州围绕着将首府从惠灵迁往其他中心城市的议题掀起了一阵不小的讨论热潮。作为这一讨论的结果,立法机构指定三个城市供该州的公民投票,以确定永久性的政府所在地。这些城市中包括查尔斯顿,距离我家所在的马尔登只有五英里。在我华盛顿学业结束时,我非常高兴地收到了来自查尔斯顿三位白人组成的委员会邀请,让我在全州范围内为这座城市争取支持。我接受了这个邀请,并在州内多个地方进行了近三个月的演讲。最终,查尔斯顿赢得了这个奖项,成为了永久性的政府所在地。ThereputationthatImadeasaspeakerduringthiscampaigninducedanumberofpersonstomakeanearnestefforttogetmetoenterpoliticallife,butIrefused,stillbelievingthatIcouldfindotherservicewhichwouldproveofmorepermanentvaluetomyrace.EventhenIhadastrongfeelingthatwhatourpeoplemostneededwastogetafoundationineducation,industry,andproperty,andforthisIfeltthattheycouldbetteraffordtostrivethanforpoliticalpreferment.Asformyindividualself,itappearedtometobereasonablycertainthatIcouldsucceedinpoliticallife,butIhadafeelingthatitwouldbearatherselfishkindofsuccess—individualsuccessatthecostoffailingtodomydutyinassistinginlayingafoundationforthemasses.我在此次竞选活动中作为演讲者所获得的声誉,促使许多人努力劝说我进入政界,但我拒绝了,仍然相信我可以找到其他能为我的种族带来更持久价值的服务方式。即使在那时,我也强烈感觉到我们的人民最需要的是在教育、工业和财产方面打下基础,我觉得他们为此奋斗比追求政治上的晋升更有意义。至于我个人,我认为在政界取得成功似乎是相当有把握的,但我有一种感觉,那将会是一种相当自私的成功——以牺牲履行协助为大众奠定基础的责任为代价的个人成功。Atthisperiodintheprogressofourraceaverylargeproportionoftheyoungmenwhowenttoschoolortocollegedidsowiththeexpresseddeterminationtopreparethemselvestobegreatlawyers,orCongressmen,andmanyofthewomenplannedtobecomemusicteachers;butIhadareasonablyfixedidea,evenatthatearlyperiodinmylife,thattherewasaneedforsomethingtobedonetopreparethewayforsuccessfullawyers,Congressmen,andmusicteachers.在我们种族发展的这一时期,许多上学或上大学的年轻人明确表示,他们这样做是为了让自己成为伟大的律师或国会议员,而许多女性则计划成为音乐教师;但我在我生命早期就已经有了一个相当明确的想法,那就是需要有人去做一些事情来为成功的律师、国会议员和音乐教师铺平道路。Ifeltthattheconditionswereagooddeallikethoseofanoldcolouredman,duringthedaysofslavery,whowantedtolearnhowtoplayontheguitar.Inhisdesiretotakeguitarlessonsheappliedtooneofhisyoungmasterstoteachhim,buttheyoungman,nothavingmuchfaithintheabilityoftheslavetomastertheguitarathisage,soughttodiscouragehimbytellinghim:"UncleJake,Iwillgiveyouguitarlessons;but,Jake,Iwillhavetochargeyouthreedollarsforthefirstlesson,twodollarsforthesecondlesson,andonedollarforthethirdlesson.ButIwillchargeyouonlytwenty-fivecentsforthelastlesson."我觉得这些条件很像当年奴隶制时期一位年长的黑人老人的情况,他想学习弹吉他。出于学习吉他的渴望,他向其中一位年轻的主人求助,希望对方能教他。然而,这位年轻人并不太相信这位奴隶能在他的年纪掌握吉他技能,于是试图打消他的念头,说道:"杰克叔叔,我会给你上吉他课;但是,杰克,我得告诉你,第一节课我要收你三美元,第二节课两美元,第三节课一美元。但是,最后一节课我只收你两角五分。"UncleJakeanswered:"Allright,boss,Ihiresyouondemterms.But,boss!Iwantsyertobesurean'givemedatlas'lessonfirst."杰克叔叔回答说:“好吧,老板,我就按你说的条件雇用你。但是,老板!我希望你确定后先给我上最后一课。”Soonaftermyworkinconnectionwiththeremovalofthecapitalwasfinished,Ireceivedaninvitationwhichgavemegreatjoyandwhichatthesametimewasaverypleasantsurprise.ThiswasaletterfromGeneralArmstrong,invitingmetoreturntoHamptonatthenextCommencementtodeliverwhatwascalledthe"post-graduateaddress."ThiswasanhonourwhichIhadnotdreamedofreceiving.WithmuchcareIpreparedthebestaddressthatIwascapableof.Ichoseformysubject"TheForceThatWins."在我完成与迁都相关的工作后不久,我收到了一封让我非常高兴且令我感到非常惊喜的邀请信。这是一封来自阿姆斯特朗将军的信,他邀请我在下一次毕业典礼时回到汉普顿发表所谓的“研究生演讲”。这是我从未想过会获得的荣誉。我非常用心地准备了我认为最好的演讲稿。我选择的主题是“赢得成功的力量”。AsIreturnedtoHamptonforthepurposeofdeliveringthisaddress,Iwentovermuchofthesameground—now,however,coveredentirelybyrailroad—thatIhadtraversednearlysixyearsbefore,whenIfirstsoughtentranceintoHamptonInstituteasastudent.NowIwasabletoridethewholedistanceinthetrain.IwasconstantlycontrastingthiswithmyfirstjourneytoHampton.IthinkImaysay,withoutseemingegotism,thatitisseldomthatfiveyearshavewroughtsuchachangeinthelifeandaspirationsofanindividual.当我回到汉普顿,目的是发表这个演讲时,我经过了大致相同的路线——现在,这条路线已经被铁路完全覆盖——这正是我将近六年前第一次以学生的身份寻求进入汉普顿学院时所走过的路。现在我可以全程乘坐火车旅行。我一直在对比这次旅程与我第一次去汉普顿的经历。我想我可以毫无自夸地说,在一个人的生命和抱负上,五年的时间很少能带来如此巨大的变化。AtHamptonIreceivedawarmwelcomefromteachersandstudents.IfoundthatduringmyabsencefromHamptontheinstituteeachyearhadbeengettingclosertotherealneedsandconditionsofourpeople;thattheindustrialteaching,aswellasthatoftheacademicdepartment,hadgreatlyimproved.Theplanoftheschoolwasnotmodelledafterthatofanyotherinstitutiontheninexistence,buteveryimprovementwasmadeunderthemagnificentleadershipofGeneralArmstrongsolelywiththeviewofmeetingandhelpingtheneedsofourpeopleastheypresentedthemselvesatthetime.Toooften,itseemstome,inmissionaryandeducationalworkamongunderdevelopedraces,peopleyieldtothetemptationofdoingthatwhichwasdoneahundredyearsbefore,orisbeingdoneinothercommunitiesathousandmilesaway.Thetemptationoftenistoruneachindividualthroughacertaineducationalmould,regardlessoftheconditionofthesubjectortheendtobeaccomplished.ThiswasnotsoatHamptonInstitute.在汉普顿,我受到了老师和同学们的热情欢迎。我发现,在我离开汉普顿期间,这所学院每年都在更加贴近我们人民的真实需求和状况;工业教学以及学术部门的教学都得到了极大的改善。学校的计划并非模仿当时存在的其他任何机构,而是在阿姆斯特朗将军卓越领导下,每项改进都是为了满足并帮助我们人民当时呈现出来的需求。在我看来,在面向欠发达种族的传教和教育工作中,人们往往经受不住诱惑,去做一百年前做过的事情,或者去模仿千里之外其他社区正在做的事情。这种诱惑常常是不顾个体的具体情况或要达成的目标,让每个人都通过某种特定的教育模式。但在汉普顿学院不是这样。TheaddresswhichIdeliveredonCommencementDayseemstohavepleasedeveryone,andmanykindandencouragingwordswerespokentomeregardingit.SoonaftermyreturntomyhomeinWestVirginia,whereIhadplannedtocontinueteaching,IwasagainsurprisedtoreceivealetterfromGeneralArmstrong,askingmetoreturntoHamptonpartlyasateacherandpartlytopursuesomesupplementarystudies.Thiswasinthesummerof1879.SoonafterIbeganmyfirstteachinginWestVirginiaIhadpickedoutfourofthebrightestandmostpromisingofmypupils,inadditiontomytwobrothers,towhomIhavealreadyreferred,andhadgiventhemspecialattention,withtheviewofhavingthemgotoHampton.Theyhadgonethere,andineachcasetheteachershadfoundthemsowellpreparedthattheyenteredadvancedclasses.Thisfact,itseems,ledtomybeingcalledbacktoHamptonasateacher.OneoftheyoungmenthatIsenttoHamptoninthiswayisnowDr.SamuelE.Courtney,asuccessfulphysicianinBoston,andamemberoftheSchoolBoardofthatcity.我在毕业典礼上发表的演讲似乎令所有人都感到满意,许多人就此事对我说了亲切而鼓舞人心的话。我回到西弗吉尼亚州的家中不久,计划继续在那里教书时,又意外地收到了阿姆斯特朗将军的来信,邀请我回到哈蒙德学院,部分是作为教师,部分是为了继续一些补充学习。这是1879年的夏天。在我开始在西弗吉尼亚州教书后不久,我挑选了四个最聪明和最有前途的学生,加上我之前提到的两个兄弟,并对他们进行了特别指导,目的是让他们去哈蒙德学院。他们去了那里,每位老师都发现他们准备得非常充分,因此进入了高级班级。这一事实似乎促使我被召回哈蒙德学院担任教师。通过这种方式送我去哈蒙德学院的一位年轻人现在是塞缪尔·E·考廷医生,在波士顿行医,同时也是该市学校董事会的成员。Aboutthistimetheexperimentwasbeingtriedforthefirsttime,byGeneralArmstrong,ofeducatingIndiansatHampton.FewpeoplethenhadanyconfidenceintheabilityoftheIndianstoreceiveeducationandtoprofitbyit.GeneralArmstrongwasanxioustotrytheexperimentsystematicallyonalargescale.HesecuredfromthereservationsintheWesternstatesoveronehundredwildandforthemostpartperfectlyignorantIndians,thegreaterproportionofwhomwereyoungmen.ThespecialworkwhichtheGeneraldesiredmetodowastobeasortof"housefather"totheIndianyoungmen—thatis,Iwastoliveinthebuildingwiththemandhavethechargeoftheirdiscipline,clothing,rooms,andsoon.Thiswasaverytemptingoffer,butIhadbecomesomuchabsorbedinmyworkinWestVirginiathatIdreadedtogiveitup.However,Itoremyselfawayfromit.IdidnotknowhowtorefusetoperformanyservicethatGeneralArmstrongdesiredofme.大约在这个时候,阿姆斯特朗将军首次尝试了一项实验,即在汉普顿教育印第安人。当时很少有人相信印第安人能够接受教育并从中受益。阿姆斯特朗将军渴望系统地大规模尝试这项实验。他从西部各州的保留地召集了一百多名野性未驯且大部分完全无知的印第安人,其中大多数是年轻人。阿姆斯特朗将军希望我特别负责的工作是担任印第安年轻人的“宿舍父亲”,也就是说,我要住在他们的宿舍楼里,负责他们的纪律、服装、房间管理等事务。这是一个非常诱人的提议,但我已经深深投入我在西弗吉尼亚的工作,因此非常害怕放弃它。然而,我还是毅然离开了那里。我不知道如何拒绝阿姆斯特朗将军要求我做的任何工作。OngoingtoHampton,Itookupmyresidenceinabuildingwithaboutseventy-fiveIndianyouths.Iwastheonlypersoninthebuildingwhowasnotamemberoftheirrace.AtfirstIhadagooddealofdoubtaboutmyabilitytosucceed.IknewthattheaverageIndianfelthimselfabovethewhiteman,and,ofcourse,hefelthimselffarabovetheNegro,largelyonaccountofthefactoftheNegrohavingsubmittedtoslavery—athingwhichtheIndianwouldneverdo.TheIndians,intheIndianTerritory,ownedalargenumberofslavesduringthedaysofslavery.Asidefromthis,therewasageneralfeelingthattheattempttoeducateandcivilizetheredmenatHamptonwouldbeafailure.Allthismademeproceedverycautiously,forIfeltkeenlythegreatresponsibility.ButIwasdeterminedtosucceed.ItwasnotlongbeforeIhadthecompleteconfidenceoftheIndians,andnotonlythis,butIthinkIamsafeinsayingthatIhadtheirloveandrespect.Ifoundthattheywereaboutlikeanyotherhumanbeings;thattheyrespondedtokindtreatmentandresentedill-treatment.Theywerecontinuallyplanningtodosomethingthatwouldaddtomyhappinessandcomfort.Thethingsthattheydislikedmost,Ithink,weretohavetheirlonghaircut,togiveupwearingtheirblankets,andtoceasesmoking;butnowhiteAmericaneverthinksthatanyotherraceiswhollycivilizeduntilhewearsthewhiteman'sclothes,eatsthewhiteman'sfood,speaksthewhiteman'slanguage,andprofessesthewhiteman'sreligion.来到汉普顿时,我住在一个大约有七十五名印第安年轻人的建筑里。我是这栋楼里唯一一个不属于他们种族的人。起初,我对自己的能力能否取得成功抱有很大的怀疑。我知道,一般的印第安人认为自己高于白人,并且当然也认为自己远高于黑人,这主要是因为黑人曾经屈服于奴隶制——这是印第安人永远不会做的事情。在奴隶制时期,印第安人在印第安领土上拥有大量的奴隶。除此之外,还有一种普遍的感觉,认为在汉普顿教育和文明化红人(印第安人)的努力将会失败。所有这些都让我非常谨慎地行事,因为我深切感受到巨大的责任。但我决心要成功。不久之后,我就赢得了印第安人的完全信任,不仅如此,我认为我可以自信地说,我还赢得了他们的爱和尊重。我发现他们和其他人类一样;他们对善良的对待作出回应,而对不公正的待遇感到不满。他们一直在计划做一些事情来增加我的幸福和舒适。我认为,他们最不喜欢的事情可能是剪掉他们长长的头发,放弃穿毛毯,以及停止吸烟;但是没有哪个白人美国人会认为其他种族是完全文明的,直到他们穿上白人的衣服,吃白人的食物,说白人的语言,并信仰白人的宗教。WhenthedifficultyoflearningtheEnglishlanguagewassubtracted,IfoundthatinthematteroflearningtradesandinmasteringacademicstudiestherewaslittledifferencebetweenthecolouredandIndianstudents.ItwasaconstantdelighttometonotetheinterestwhichthecolouredstudentstookintryingtohelptheIndiansineverywaypossible.TherewereafewofthecolouredstudentswhofeltthattheIndiansoughtnottobeadmittedtoHampton,butthesewereintheminority.Whenevertheywereaskedtodoso,theNegrostudentsgladlytooktheIndiansasroom-mates,inorderthattheymightteachthemtospeakEnglishandtoacquirecivilizedhabits.当学习英语的困难被排除之后,我发现有色人种学生和印度学生在学习手艺和掌握学术研究方面几乎没有区别。有色人种学生尽力帮助印度学生的兴趣始终让我感到无比欣慰。有一小部分有色人种学生认为不应该允许印度学生进入哈姆普顿学院,但他们只是少数派。每当被要求这样做时,黑人学生都乐意把印度学生当作室友,以便教他们说英语并养成文明的习惯。IhaveoftenwonderediftherewasawhiteinstitutioninthiscountrywhosestudentswouldhavewelcomedtheincomingofmorethanahundredcompanionsofanotherraceinthecordialwaythattheseblackstudentsatHamptonwelcomedtheredones.HowoftenIhavewantedtosaytowhitestudentsthattheyliftthemselvesupinproportionastheyhelptoliftothers,andthemoreunfortunatetherace,andthelowerinthescaleofcivilization,themoredoesoneraiseone'sselfbygivingtheassistance.我常常想,在这个国家,有没有一个白人机构的学生会以哈姆普顿这些黑人学生欢迎红人那样热情的方式,欢迎超过一百名其他种族的同伴的到来。我多么想对白人学生说,他们帮助他人提升的同时也在提升自己,而被帮助的人越不幸,文明程度越低,给予帮助的人就越能提升自己。ThisremindsmeofaconversationwhichIoncehadwiththeHon.FrederickDouglass.AtonetimeMr.DouglasswastravellinginthestateofPennsylvania,andwasforced,onaccountofhiscolour,torideinthebaggage-car,inspiteofthefactthathehadpaidthesamepriceforhispassagethattheotherpassengershadpaid.Whensomeofthewhitepassengerswentintothebaggage-cartoconsoleMr.Douglass,andoneofthemsaidtohim:"Iamsorry,Mr.Douglass,thatyouhavebeendegradedinthismanner,"Mr.Douglassstraightenedhimselfupontheboxuponwhichhewassitting,andreplied:"TheycannotdegradeFrederickDouglass.Thesoulthatiswithinmenomancandegrade.Iamnottheonethatisbeingdegradedonaccountofthistreatment,butthosewhoareinflictingituponme."这让我想起了我曾与弗雷德里克·道格拉斯先生的一次谈话。有一次,道格拉斯先生在宾夕法尼亚州旅行,由于他的肤色,尽管他支付了与其他乘客相同的票价,却被迫乘坐行李车厢。当一些白人乘客进入行李车厢去安慰道格拉斯先生时,其中一人对他说:“道格拉斯先生,我很抱歉看到你以这种方式受到贬低。”道格拉斯先生挺直身子坐在他所坐的箱子上,回答说:“他们无法贬低弗雷德里克·道格拉斯。我的灵魂无人能够贬低。并不是我在这种待遇下受到贬低,而是那些对我施加这种待遇的人受到了贬低。”Inonepartofthecountry,wherethelawdemandstheseparationoftheracesontherailroadtrains,Isawatonetimearatheramusinginstancewhichshowedhowdifficultitsometimesistoknowwheretheblackbeginsandthewhiteends.在一个要求铁路列车上种族隔离的国家地区,我曾经看到过一个相当有趣的事例,这表明有时很难知道黑人从哪里开始,白人在哪里结束。TherewasamanwhowaswellknowninhiscommunityasaNegro,butwhowassowhitethatevenanexpertwouldhavehardworktoclassifyhimasablackman.Thismanwasridinginthepartofthetrainsetasideforthecolouredpassengers.Whenthetrainconductorreachedhim,heshowedatoncethathewasperplexed.IfthemanwasaNegro,theconductordidnotwanttosendhimtothewhitepeople'scoach;atthesametime,ifhewasawhiteman,theconductordidnotwanttoinsulthimbyaskinghimifhewasaNegro.Theofficiallookedhimovercarefully,examininghishair,eyes,nose,andhands,butstillseemedpuzzled.Finally,tosolvethedifficulty,hestoopedoverandpeepedattheman'sfeet.WhenIsawtheconductorexaminingthefeetofthemaninquestion,Isaidtomyself,"Thatwillsettleit;"andsoitdid,forthetrainmanpromptlydecidedthatthepassengerwasaNegro,andlethimremainwherehewas.Icongratulatedmyselfthatmyracewasfortunateinnotlosingoneofitsmembers.在社区里,有一个人因为是黑人而广为人知,但他皮肤白得让人难以把他归类为黑人。这个人坐在专门为有色人种乘客预留的车厢里。当列车长走到他面前时,立刻显得困惑不解。如果这个人是黑人,列车长不想把他送到白人的车厢;但如果他是一个白人,列车长也不想冒犯他,去问他是不是黑人。这位工作人员仔细地打量着他,检查了他的头发、眼睛、鼻子和手,但仍然感到疑惑。最后,为了化解这个难题,他俯下身偷偷看了看那个人的脚。当我看到列车长正在检查那个人的脚时,我心里想,“这下问题解决了”,果然如此,列车员马上认定这名乘客是黑人,并让他留在原地。我暗自庆幸我的种族没有因此失去一名成员。Myexperiencehasbeenthatthetimetotestatruegentlemanistoobservehimwhenheisincontactwithindividualsofaracethatislessfortunatethanhisown.Thisisillustratedinnobetterwaythanbyobservingtheconductoftheold-schooltypeofSoutherngentlemanwhenheisincontactwithhisformerslavesortheirdescendants.我的经验是,测试一个真正绅士的最佳时机是在他接触比自己不幸的种族个体时观察他。这一点在观察旧式南方绅士与他的前奴隶或其后代交往时表现得最为明显。AnexampleofwhatImeanisshowninastorytoldofGeorgeWashington,who,meetingacolouredmanintheroadonce,whopolitelyliftedhishat,liftedhisowninreturn.SomeofhiswhitefriendswhosawtheincidentcriticisedWashingtonforhisaction.InreplytotheircriticismGeorgeWashingtonsaid:"DoyousupposethatIamgoingtopermitapoor,ignorant,colouredmantobemorepolitethanIam?"我所说的意思可以用乔治·华盛顿的一个故事来举例说明。据说有一次他在路上遇到一位有色人种男子,那位男子礼貌地摘下了帽子,华盛顿也以同样的方式回礼。华盛顿的一些白人朋友目睹了这一幕,批评了他的行为。针对他们的批评,乔治·华盛顿回答说:“难道你们认为我要允许一个贫穷且无知的有色人种男子比我更有礼貌吗?”WhileIwasinchargeoftheIndianboysatHampton,IhadoneortwoexperienceswhichillustratethecuriousworkingsofcasteinAmerica.OneoftheIndianboyswastakenill,anditbecamemydutytotakehimtoWashington,deliverhimovertotheSecretaryoftheInterior,andgetareceiptforhim,inorderthathemightbereturnedtohisWesternreservation.AtthattimeIwasratherignorantofthewaysoftheworld.DuringmyjourneytoWashington,onasteamboat,whenthebellrangfordinner,Iwascarefultowaitandnotenterthediningroomuntilafterthegreaterpartofthepassengershadfinishedtheirmeal.Then,withmycharge,Iwenttothediningsaloon.ThemaninchargepolitelyinformedmethattheIndiancouldbeserved,butthatIcouldnot.Inevercouldunderstandhowheknewjustwheretodrawthecolourline,sincetheIndianandIwereofaboutthesamecomplexion.Thesteward,however,seemedtobeanexpertinthismanner.IhadbeendirectedbytheauthoritiesatHamptontostopatacertainhotelinWashingtonwithmycharge,butwhenIwenttothishoteltheclerkstatedthathewouldbegladtoreceivetheIndianintothehouse,butsaidthathecouldnotaccommodateme.在我负责哈姆普顿印第安男孩的时候,发生过一两件事情,生动地展示了美国社会中种姓制度的奇怪运作方式。其中一个印第安男孩生病了,于是我被指派带他去华盛顿,将他交给内政部长,并拿到收据,以便他能被送回西部的保留地。当时我对世界的运作方式还很无知。在乘蒸汽船前往华盛顿的旅途中,当铃声响起通知晚餐时,我特意等到大部分乘客吃完饭后再和我的照顾对象进入餐厅。然后,我和他一起去了餐厅。负责的人礼貌地告诉我,印第安人可以得到服务,但我不能。我始终不明白他是如何知道在哪里划出种族界限的,因为我们两人看起来肤色差不多。然而,那位服务员似乎在这类事情上是个专家。哈姆普顿的负责人指示我在华盛顿某家酒店停下,带上照顾对象,但当我到达这家酒店时,经理表示他很乐意接待印第安人入住,但他无法为我提供住宿。Anillustrationofsomethingofthissamefeelingcameundermyobservationafterward.Ihappenedtofindmyselfinatowninwhichsomuchexcitementandindignationwerebeingexpressedthatitseemedlikelyforatimethattherewouldbealynching.Theoccasionofthetroublewasthatadark-skinnedmanhadstoppedatthelocalhotel.Investigation,however,developedthefactthatthisindividualwasacitizenofMorocco,andthatwhiletravellinginthiscountryhespoketheEnglishlanguage.AssoonasitwaslearnedthathewasnotanAmericanNegro,allthesignsofindignationdisappeared.Themanwhowastheinnocentcauseoftheexcitement,though,founditprudentafterthatnottospeakEnglish.后来,我观察到一个与此相同情感的例子。我偶然发现自己身处一个小镇,那里的人们表现出如此多的激动和愤慨,以至于有一段时间看起来可能会发生私刑。这场麻烦的起因是一位深肤色的男人在当地酒店停下脚步。然而,调查却揭示了这样一个事实:这个人是摩洛哥公民,在旅行期间他讲英语。一旦得知他并非美国黑人,所有愤慨的迹象便消失了。尽管这位无辜地引发了激动情绪的人发现,之后讲英语变得不那么明智。AttheendofmyfirstyearwiththeIndianstherecameanotheropeningformeatHampton,which,asIlookbackovermylifenow,seemstohavecomeprovidentially,tohelptopreparemeformyworkatTuskegeelater.GeneralArmstronghadfoundoutthattherewasquiteanumberofyoungcolouredmenandwomenwhowereintenselyinearnestinwishingtogetaneducation,butwhowerepreventedfromenteringHamptonInstitutebecausetheyweretoopoortobeabletopayanyportionofthecostoftheirboard,oreventosupplythemselveswithbooks.Heconceivedtheideaofstartinganight-schoolinconnectionwiththeInstitute,intowhichalimitednumberofthemostpromisingoftheseyoungmenandwomenwouldbereceived,onconditionthattheyweretoworkfortenhoursduringtheday,andattendschoolfortwohoursatnight.Theyweretobepaidsomethingabovethecostoftheirboardfortheirwork.Thegreaterpartoftheirearningswastobereservedintheschool'streasuryasafundtobedrawnontopaytheirboardwhentheyhadbecomestudentsintheday-school,aftertheyhadspentoneortwoyearsinthenight-school.Inthiswaytheywouldobtainastartintheirbooksandaknowledgeofsometradeorindustry,inadditiontotheotherfar-reachingbenefitsoftheinstitution.在我与印第安人相处的第一年结束时,汉普顿学院又给了我一次机会,现在回想起来,这似乎是为了让我后来在塔斯基吉的工作做好准备而特意安排的。阿姆斯特朗将军发现有许多年轻有色人种男子和女子非常渴望接受教育,但由于太穷无法支付他们在汉普顿学院期间的生活费用,甚至买不起书本。他萌生了在学院内开设夜校的想法,只接收少数最优秀的年轻人和女子,并要求他们白天工作十个小时,晚上在学校学习两个小时。他们会因他们的工作得到高于生活费的报酬。他们大部分的收入将被存入学校的金库,作为日后进入日校成为正式学生时支付生活费的资金。这种方式使他们不仅可以在学习上有了一定的基础,还能掌握一些贸易或行业技能,除此之外,还能获得学院提供的其他深远益处。GeneralArmstrongaskedmetotakechargeofthenight-school,andIdidso.Atthebeginningofthisschooltherewereabouttwelvestrong,earnestmenandwomenwhoenteredtheclass.Duringthedaythegreaterpartoftheyoungmenworkedintheschool'ssawmill,andtheyoungwomenworkedinthelaundry.Theworkwasnoteasyineitherplace,butinallmyteachingInevertaughtpupilswhogavememuchgenuinesatisfactionasthesedid.Theyweregoodstudents,andmasteredtheirworkthoroughly.Theyweresomuchinearnestthatonlytheringingoftheretiring-bellwouldmakethemstopstudying,andoftentheywouldurgemetocontinuethelessonsaftertheusualhourforgoingtobedhadcome.阿姆斯特朗将军要求我负责夜校的工作,我答应了。这所学校刚开始的时候,大约有十二个坚强而认真的男人和女人进入了这个班级。白天,大部分年轻人在学校的手工锯木厂工作,年轻女性则在洗衣房工作。无论在哪里工作,都不轻松,但在我的所有教学经历中,从未有学生能给我带来像这些学生那样真正的满足感。他们是好学生,非常认真地掌握了他们的功课。他们如此专注,只有熄灯铃响了才会停止学习,而且常常在我规定的就寝时间过后,还敦促我继续上课。Thesestudentsshowedsomuchearnestness,bothintheirhardworkduringtheday,aswellasintheirapplicationtotheirstudiesatnight,thatIgavethemthenameof"ThePluckyClass"—anamewhichsoongrewpopularandspreadthroughouttheinstitution.Afterastudenthadbeeninthenight-schoollongenoughtoprovewhatwasinhim,Igavehimaprintedcertificatewhichreadsomethinglikethis:—这些学生白天努力工作,晚上学习时同样表现出极大的认真态度,所以我给他们取名为“勇敢班”——这个名字很快变得流行,并在整个机构中传播开来。一名学生在夜校学习足够长的时间以证明自己的能力后,我会给他一张打印的证书,上面写着类似这样的话:"ThisistocertifythatJamesSmithisamemberofThePluckyClassoftheHamptonInstitute,andisingoodandregularstanding.""兹证明詹姆斯·史密斯是汉普顿学院快乐班级的成员,且表现良好并一直保持良好的地位。"Thestudentsprizedthesecertificateshighly,andtheyaddedgreatlytothepopularityofthenight-school.Withinafewweeksthisdepartmenthadgrowntosuchanextentthattherewereabouttwenty-fivestudentsinattendance.Ihavefollowedthecourseofmanyofthesetwenty-fivemenandwomeneversincethen,andtheyarenowholdingimportantandusefulpositionsinnearlyeverypartoftheSouth.Thenight-schoolatHampton,whichstartedwithonlytwelvestudents,nownumbersbetweenthreeandfourhundred,andisoneofthepermanentandmostimportantfeaturesoftheinstitution.学生们非常珍视这些证书,这极大地提升了夜校的受欢迎程度。短短几周内,这个部门就发展到大约有二十五名学生。从那时起,我就一直在关注这二十五人中的许多人,他们现在几乎在南方的每一个地方都担任着重要而有用的位置。最初只有十二名学生的哈姆普顿夜校,如今已有三四百名学生,成为该机构永久且最重要的特色之一。