THE REPUBLIC

第27章

Thenyoumustfurtherimaginethesamethingtohappentothesonwhichhasalreadyhappenedtothefather:——heisdrawnintoaperfectlylawlesslife,whichbyhisseducersistermedperfectliberty;andhisfatherandfriendstakepartwithhismoderatedesires,andtheoppositepartyassisttheoppositeones。Assoonasthesediremagiciansandtyrant—makersfindthattheyarelosingtheirholdonhim,theycontrivetoimplantinhimamasterpassion,tobelordoverhisidleandspendthriftlusts——asortofmonstrouswingeddrone——thatistheonlyimagewhichwilladequatelydescribehim。

Yes,hesaid,thatistheonlyadequateimageofhim。

Andwhenhisotherlusts,amidcloudsofincenseandperfumesandgarlandsandwines,andallthepleasuresofadissolutelife,nowletloose,comebuzzingaroundhim,nourishingtotheutmostthestingofdesirewhichtheyimplantinhisdrone—likenature,thenatlastthislordofthesoul,havingMadnessforthecaptainofhisguard,breaksoutintoafrenzy:andifhefindsinhimselfanygoodopinionsorappetitesinprocessofformation,andthereisinhimanysenseofshameremaining,tothesebetterprinciplesheputsanend,andcaststhemforthuntilhehaspurgedawaytemperanceandbroughtinmadnesstothefull。

Yes,hesaid,thatisthewayinwhichthetyrannicalmanisgenerated。

Andisnotthisthereasonwhyofoldlovehasbeencalledatyrant?

Ishouldnotwonder。

Further,Isaid,hasnotadrunkenmanalsothespiritofatyrant?

Hehas。

Andyouknowthatamanwhoisderangedandnotrightinhismind,willfancythatheisabletorule,notonlyovermen,butalsooverthegods?

Thathewill。

Andthetyrannicalmaninthetruesenseofthewordcomesintobeingwhen,eitherundertheinfluenceofnature,orhabit,orboth,hebecomesdrunken,lustful,passionate?Omyfriend,isnotthatso?

Assuredly。

Suchisthemanandsuchishisorigin。Andnext,howdoeshelive?

Suppose,aspeoplefacetiouslysay,youweretotellme。

Iimagine,Isaid,atthenextstepinhisprogress,thattherewillbefeastsandcarousalsandrevellingsandcourtezans,andallthatsortofthing;Loveisthelordofthehousewithinhim,andordersalltheconcernsofhissoul。

Thatiscertain。

Yes;andeverydayandeverynightdesiresgrowupmanyandformidable,andtheirdemandsaremany。

Theyareindeed,hesaid。

Hisrevenues,ifhehasany,aresoonspent。

True。

Thencomesdebtandthecuttingdownofhisproperty。

Ofcourse。

Whenhehasnothingleft,mustnothisdesires,crowdinginthenestlikeyoungravens,becryingaloudforfood;andhe,goadedonbythem,andespeciallybylovehimself,whoisinamannerthecaptainofthem,isinafrenzy,andwouldfaindiscoverwhomhecandefraudordespoilofhisproperty,inorderthathemaygratifythem?

Yes,thatissuretobethecase。

Hemusthavemoney,nomatterhow,ifheistoescapehorridpainsandpangs。

Hemust。

Andasinhimselftherewasasuccessionofpleasures,andthenewgotthebetteroftheoldandtookawaytheirrights,sohebeingyoungerwillclaimtohavemorethanhisfatherandhismother,andifhehasspenthisownshareoftheproperty,hewilltakeasliceoftheirs。

Nodoubthewill。

Andifhisparentswillnotgiveway,thenhewilltryfirstofalltocheatanddeceivethem。

Verytrue。

Andifhefails,thenhewilluseforceandplunderthem。

Yes,probably。

Andiftheoldmanandwomanfightfortheirown,whatthen,myfriend?Willthecreaturefeelanycompunctionattyrannizingoverthem?

Nay,hesaid,Ishouldnotfeelatallcomfortableabouthisparents。

But,Oheavens!Adeimantus,onaccountofsomenewfangledloveofaharlot,whoisanythingbutanecessaryconnection,canyoubelievethathewouldstrikethemotherwhoishisancientfriendandnecessarytohisveryexistence,andwouldplaceherundertheauthorityoftheother,whensheisbroughtunderthesameroofwithher;orthat,underlikecircumstances,hewoulddothesametohiswitheredoldfather,firstandmostindispensableoffriends,forthesakeofsomenewlyfoundbloomingyouthwhoisthereverseofindispensable?

Yes,indeed,hesaid;Ibelievethathewould。

Truly,then,Isaid,atyrannicalsonisablessingtohisfatherandmother。

Heisindeed,hereplied。

Hefirsttakestheirproperty,andwhenthatfalls,andpleasuresarebeginningtoswarminthehiveofhissoul,thenhebreaksintoahouse,orstealsthegarmentsofsomenightlywayfarer;nextheproceedstoclearatemple。Meanwhiletheoldopinionswhichhehadwhenachild,andwhichgavejudgmentaboutgoodandevil,areoverthrownbythoseotherswhichhavejustbeenemancipated,andarenowthebodyguardofloveandsharehisempire。Theseinhisdemocraticdays,whenhewasstillsubjecttothelawsandtohisfather,wereonlyletlooseinthedreamsofsleep。Butnowthatheisunderthedominionoflove,hebecomesalwaysandinwakingrealitywhathewasthenveryrarelyandinadreamonly;hewillcommitthefoulestmurder,oreatforbiddenfood,orbeguiltyofanyotherhorridact。Loveishistyrant,andliveslordlyinhimandlawlessly,andbeinghimselfaking,leadshimon,asatyrantleadsaState,totheperformanceofanyrecklessdeedbywhichhecanmaintainhimselfandtherabbleofhisassociates,whetherthosewhomevilcommunicationshavebroughtinfromwithout,orthosewhomhehimselfhasallowedtobreakloosewithinhimbyreasonofasimilarevilnatureinhimself。Havewenothereapictureofhiswayoflife?

Yes,indeed,hesaid。

AndifthereareonlyafewofthemintheState,therestofthepeoplearewelldisposed,theygoawayandbecomethebodyguardormercenarysoldiersofsomeothertyrantwhomayprobablywantthemforawar;andifthereisnowar,theystayathomeanddomanylittlepiecesofmischiefinthecity。

Whatsortofmischief?

Forexample,theyarethethieves,burglars,cutpurses,footpads,robbersoftemples,man—stealersofthecommunity;oriftheyareabletospeaktheyturninformers,andbearfalsewitness,andtakebribes。

Asmallcatalogueofevils,eveniftheperpetratorsofthemarefewinnumber。

Yes,Isaid;butsmallandgreatarecomparativeterms,andallthesethings,inthemiseryandevilwhichtheyinflictuponaState,donotcomewithinathousandmilesofthetyrant;whenthisnoxiousclassandtheirfollowersgrownumerousandbecomeconsciousoftheirstrength,assistedbytheinfatuationofthepeople,theychoosefromamongthemselvestheonewhohasmostofthetyrantinhisownsoul,andhimtheycreatetheirtyrant。

Yes,hesaid,andhewillbethemostfittobeatyrant。

Ifthepeopleyield,wellandgood;butiftheyresisthim,ashebeganbybeatinghisownfatherandmother,sonow,ifhehasthepower,hebeatsthem,andwillkeephisdearoldfa

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