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Saythen，myfriend，inwhatmannerdoestyrannyarise？——thatithasademocraticoriginisevident。
Clearly。
Anddoesnottyrannyspringfromdemocracyinthesamemannerasdemocracyfromoligarchy——Imean，afterasort？
How？
Thegoodwhicholigarchyproposedtoitselfandthemeansbywhichitwasmaintainedwasexcessofwealth——amInotright？
Yes。
Andtheinsatiabledesireofwealthandtheneglectofallotherthingsforthesakeofmoney—gettingwasalsotheruinofoligarchy？
True。
Anddemocracyhasherowngood，ofwhichtheinsatiabledesirebringshertodissolution？
Whatgood？
Freedom，Ireplied；which，astheytellyouinademocracy，isthegloryoftheState——andthatthereforeinademocracyalonewillthefreemanofnaturedeigntodwell。
Yes；thesayingisineverybody’smouth。
Iwasgoingtoobserve，thattheinsatiabledesireofthisandtheneglectofotherthingsintroducesthechangeindemocracy，whichoccasionsademandfortyranny。
Howso？
Whenademocracywhichisthirstingforfreedomhasevilcupbearerspresidingoverthefeast，andhasdrunktoodeeplyofthestrongwineoffreedom，then，unlessherrulersareveryamenableandgiveaplentifuldraught，shecallsthemtoaccountandpunishesthem，andsaysthattheyarecursedoligarchs。
Yes，hereplied，averycommonoccurrence。
Yes，Isaid；andloyalcitizensareinsultinglytermedbyherslaveswhohugtheirchainsandmenofnaught；shewouldhavesubjectswhoarelikerulers，andrulerswhoarelikesubjects：thesearemenafterherownheart，whomshepraisesandhonoursbothinprivateandpublic。Now，insuchaState，canlibertyhaveanylimit？
Certainlynot。
Bydegreestheanarchyfindsawayintoprivatehouses，andendsbygettingamongtheanimalsandinfectingthem。
Howdoyoumean？
Imeanthatthefathergrowsaccustomedtodescendtothelevelofhissonsandtofearthem，andthesonisonalevelwithhisfather，hehavingnorespectorreverenceforeitherofhisparents；
andthisishisfreedom，andmeticisequalwiththecitizenandthecitizenwiththemetic，andthestrangerisquiteasgoodaseither。
Yes，hesaid，thatistheway。
Andthesearenottheonlyevils，Isaid——thereareseverallesserones：Insuchastateofsocietythemasterfearsandflattershisscholars，andthescholarsdespisetheirmastersandtutors；youngandoldareallalike；andtheyoungmanisonalevelwiththeold，andisreadytocompetewithhiminwordordeed；andoldmencondescendtotheyoungandarefullofpleasantryandgaiety；
theyarelothtobethoughtmoroseandauthoritative，andthereforetheyadoptthemannersoftheyoung。
Quitetrue，hesaid。
Thelastextremeofpopularlibertyiswhentheslaveboughtwithmoney，whethermaleorfemale，isjustasfreeashisorherpurchaser；normustIforgettotellofthelibertyandequalityofthetwosexesinrelationtoeachother。
Whynot，asAeschylussays，utterthewordwhichrisestoourlips？
ThatiswhatIamdoing，Ireplied；andImustaddthatnoonewhodoesnotknowwouldbelieve，howmuchgreateristhelibertywhichtheanimalswhoareunderthedominionofmanhaveinademocracythaninanyotherState：fortruly，theshe—dogs，astheproverbsays，areasgoodastheirshe—mistresses，andthehorsesandasseshaveawayofmarchingalongwithalltherightsanddignitiesoffreemen；
andtheywillrunatanybodywhocomesintheirwayifhedoesnotleavetheroadclearforthem：andallthingsarejustreadytoburstwithliberty。
WhenItakeacountrywalk，hesaid，Ioftenexperiencewhatyoudescribe。YouandIhavedreamedthesamething。
Andaboveall，Isaid，andastheresultofall，seehowsensitivethecitizensbecome；theychafeimpatientlyattheleasttouchofauthorityandatlength，asyouknow，theyceasetocareevenforthelaws，writtenorunwritten；theywillhavenooneoverthem。
Yes，hesaid，Iknowittoowell。
Such，myfriend，Isaid，isthefairandgloriousbeginningoutofwhichspringstyranny。
Gloriousindeed，hesaid。Butwhatisthenextstep？
Theruinofoligarchyistheruinofdemocracy；thesamediseasemagnifiedandintensifiedbylibertyovermastersdemocracy——thetruthbeingthattheexcessiveincreaseofanythingoftencausesareactionintheoppositedirection；andthisisthecasenotonlyintheseasonsandinvegetableandanimallife，butaboveallinformsofgovernment。
True。
Theexcessofliberty，whetherinStatesorindividuals，seemsonlytopassintoexcessofslavery。
Yes，thenaturalorder。
Andsotyrannynaturallyarisesoutofdemocracy，andthemostaggravatedformoftyrannyandslaveryoutofthemostextremeformofliberty？
Aswemightexpect。
That，however，wasnot，asIbelieve，yourquestion—youratherdesiredtoknowwhatisthatdisorderwhichisgeneratedalikeinoligarchyanddemocracy，andistheruinofboth？
Justso，hereplied。
Well，Isaid，Imeanttorefertotheclassofidlespendthrifts，ofwhomthemorecourageousarethe—leadersandthemoretimidthefollowers，thesamewhomwewerecomparingtodrones，somestingless，andothershavingstings。
Averyjustcomparison。
Thesetwoclassesaretheplaguesofeverycityinwhichtheyaregenerated，beingwhatphlegmandbilearetothebody。AndthegoodphysicianandlawgiveroftheStateought，likethewisebee—master，tokeepthematadistanceandprevent，ifpossible，theirevercomingin；andiftheyhaveanyhowfoundawayin，thenheshouldhavethemandtheircellscutoutasspeedilyaspossible。
Yes，byallmeans，hesaid。
Then，inorderthatwemayseeclearlywhatwearedoing，letusimaginedemocracytobedivided，asindeeditis，intothreeclasses；forinthefirstplacefreedomcreatesrathermoredronesinthedemocraticthantherewereintheoligarchicalState。
Thatistrue。
Andinthedemocracytheyarecertainlymoreintensified。
Howso？
BecauseintheoligarchicalStatetheyaredisqualifiedanddrivenfromoffice，andthereforetheycannottrainorgatherstrength；
whereasinademocracytheyarealmosttheentirerulingpower，andwhilethekeenersortspeakandact，therestkeepbuzzingaboutthebemaanddonotsufferawordtobesaidontheotherside；henceindemocraciesalmosteverythingismanagedbythedrones。
Verytrue，hesaid。
Thenthereisanotherclasswhichisalwaysbeingseveredfromthemass。
Whatisthat？
Theyaretheorderlyclass，whichinanationoftraderssuretobetherichest。
Naturallyso。
Theyarethemostsqueezablepersonsandyieldthelargestamountofhoneytothedrones。
Why，hesaid，thereislittletobesqueezedoutofpeoplewhohavelittle。
Andthisiscalledthewealthyclass，andthedronesfeeduponthem。
Thatisprettymuchthecase，hesaid。
Thepeopleareathirdclass，consistingofthosewhoworkwiththeirownhands；theyarenotpoliticians，an
