第9章

CONTENTSofESSAYV。

ASHORTACCOUNTofSEVERALPUBLICINSTITUTIONS

LatelyformedinBavaria。

togetherwiththeAPPENDIXtotheFIRSTVOLUME。

AccountI

AShortAccountofthemilitaryacademyatmunichAccountII

Anaccountofthemeansusedtoimprovethebreadofhorses，andhornedcattle，inBavariaandthePalatinate。

AccountIII

AnaccountofthemeasuresadoptedforputtinganendtousuryatMunich。

AccountIV

AnaccountofaschemeforemployingthesoldieryinBavariainrepairingthehighwaysandpublicroads。

APPENDIX

No。I

AddressandpetitiontoallinhabitantsandcitizensofMunich，inthenameoftherealpooranddistressed。

No。II

SubscriptionlistsdistributedamongtheinhabitantsofMunich，inthemonthofJanuary1790，whentheestablishmentforthereliefofthepoorinthatcitywasformed。

No。III

AnaccountofthereceiptsandexpendituresoftheinstitutionforthepooratMunichduringfiveyears。

No。IV

CertificaterelativetotheexpenceoffuelinthepublickitchenofthemilitaryworkhouseatMunich。

No。V

Printedformforthedescriptionsofthepoor。

No。VI

Printedformforspin-tickets，suchasareusedatthemilitaryworkhouseatMunich。

No。VII

AnAccountofexperimentsmadeatthebakehouseofthemilitaryworkhouseatMunich，Novemberthe4thand5th，1794。

No。VIII

AccountofthepersonsinthehouseofindustryinDublinthe30thofApril1796，andofthedetailsofthemannerandexpenceoffeedingthem。

No。IX

Anaccountofanexperimentmade(underthedirectionoftheauthor，)inthekitchenofthehouseofindustryatDublin，incookingforthepoor。

ESSAYV。

AshortAccountoftheMILITARYACADEMYatMUNICH。

Thoughitiscertainthattoomuchlearningisratherdisadvantageousthanotherwisetothelowerclassesofthepeople；——thattheintroductionofaspiritofphilosophicalinvestigation，——literaryamusement，——andmetaphysicalspeculationamongthosewhoaredestinedbyfortunetogaintheirlivelihoodbythesweatoftheirbrow，rathertendstomakethemdiscontentedandunhappy，thantocontributeanythingtotheirrealcomfortandenjoyments；yetthereappears，nowandthen，anativegeniusinthemosthumblestations，whichitwouldbeapitynottobeabletocallforthintoactivity。Itwasprincipallywithaviewtobringforwardsuchextraordinarytalents，andtoemploythemusefullyinthepublicservice，thattheMilitaryAcademyatMunichwasinstituted。ThisAcademy，whichconsistsof180elevesorpupils，isdividedintothreeclasses。Thefirstclass，whichisdesignedfortheeducationoforphansandotherchildrenofthepoorerclassofMilitaryOfficers，andthoseemployedintheCivilDepartmentsoftheState，consistsofthirtypupils，whoarereceivedgratis，fromtheageofeleventothirteenyears，andwhoremainintheAcademyforyears。Thesecondclass，whichisdesignedtoassistthepoorernobility，andlessopulentamongthemerchants，citizens，andservantsofgovernment，ingivingtheirsonsagoodgeneraleducation，consistsofsixtypupils，whoarereceivedfromtheageofeleventofifteenyears，andwhopaytotheAcademytwelveflorinsamonth；forwhichsumtheyarefed，clothed，andinstructed。Thethirdclass，consistingofninetypupils，fromtheageoffifteentotwentyyears，whoarealladmittedgratis，isdesignedtobringforwardsuchyouthsamongthelowerclassesofthepeopleasshowevidentsignsofUNCOMMON

TALENTSandgenius，joinedtoasoundconstitutionofbody，andagoodmoralcharacter。

AllCommandingOfficersofregiments，andPublicOfficersinCivildepartments，andallCivilMagistrates，areauthorisedandINVITEDtorecommendsubjectsforthisclassoftheAcademy，andtheyarenotconfinedintheirchoicetoanyparticularranksofsociety，buttheyareallowedtorecommendpersonsofthelowestextraction，andmostobscureorigin。Privatesoldiers，andthechildrenofsoldiers，andeventhechildrenofthemeanestmechanicsandday-labourers，areadmissible，providedtheypossessthenecessaryrequisites；namely，VERYEXTRAORDINARY

NATURALGENIUS，ahealthyconstitution，andagoodcharacter；

butifthesubjectrecommendedshouldbefoundwantinginanyoftheserequisitequalifications，hewouldnotonlyberefusedadmittanceintotheAcademy，butthepersonwhorecommendedhimwouldbeveryseverelyreprimanded。

Thegreatestseverityisnecessaryupontheseoccasions，otherwiseitwouldbeimpossibletopreventabuses。Anestablishment，designedfortheencouragementofgenius，andforcallingforthintopublicutilitytalentswhichwouldotherwiseremainburiedandlostinobscurity，wouldsoonbecomeajobforprovidingforrelationsanddependants。

Onecircumstance，relativetotheinternalarrangementofthisAcademy，may，perhaps，bethoughnotunworthyofbeingparticularlymentioned，andthatistheverymoderateexpenceatwhichtheinstitutionismaintained。Byacalculation，foundedupontheexperienceoffouryears，IfindthatthewholeAcademy，consistingof180pupils，withprofessorsandmastersofeverykind，servants，clothing，board，lodging，fire-wood，light，repairs，andeveryotherarticle，house-rentaloneexcepted，amountstonomorethan28，000florinsa-year，whichisnomorethan155florins，oraboutfourteenpoundssterlinga-yearforeachpupil；asmallsumindeed，consideringthemannerinwhichtheyarekept，andtheeducationtheyreceive。

ThoughthisAcademyiscalledaMilitaryAcademy，itisbynomeansconfinedtotheeducationofthosewhoaredestinedforthearmy；butitisratheranestablishmentofgeneraleducation，wheretheyouthareinstructedineveryscience，andtaughteverybodilyexercise，andpersonalaccomplishment，whichconstitutealiberaleducation；andwhichfitsthemequallyforthestationofaprivategentleman，——forthestudyofanyofthelearnedprofessions，——orforanyemployment，civilormilitary，underthegovernment。

Asthisinstitutionisprincipallydesignedasanurseryforgenius，——asagymnasiumfortheformationofmen，——fortheformationofREALMEN，possessedofstrengthandcharacter，aswellastalentsandaccomplishments，andcapableofrenderingessentialservicetothestate；atallpublicexaminationsofthepupils，theheadsofallthepupildepartmentsareinvitedtobepresent，inordertowitnesstheprogressofthepupils，andtomarkthosewhodiscovertalentspeculiarlyusefulinanyparticulardepartmentsorpublicemployment。

Howfartheinfluenceofthisestablishmentmayextend，timemustdiscover。Ithasexistedonlysixyears；buteveninthatshortperiod，wehavehadseveralinstancesofveryuncommontalentshavingbeencalledforthintopublicview，fromthemostobscuresituations。Ionlywishthattheinstitutionmaybeallowedtosubsist。

AnAccountoftheMeansusedtoimprovetheBREEDofHORSE，andHORNEDCATTLE，inBAVARIAandthePALATINATE。

ThroughmanypartsoftheElector’sdominionsarewelladaptedforthebreedingoffinehorses，andgreatnumbersofhorsesareactuallybred[1]；yetnogreatattentionhadformanyyearsbeenpaidtotheimprovementofthebreed；andmostofthehorsesofdistinction，suchaswereusedbythenobilityassaddle-horsesandcoach-horses，wereimportedfromHolsteinandMecklenburg。

Beingengagedinthearrangementofanewmilitarysystemforthecountry，itoccurredtomethat，inprovidinghorsesfortheuseofthearmy，andparticularlyforthetrainofartillery，suchmeasuresmightbeadoptedaswouldtendmuchtoimprovethebreedofhorsesthroughoutthecountry；andmyproposalsmeetingwiththeapprobationofhisMostSereneElectoralHighness，theplanwascarriedintoexecutioninthefollowingmanner：

Anumberoffinemareswerepurchasedwithmoneytakefromthemilitarychest，andbeingmarkedwithanM(theinitialofMilitaria)，inacircle，uponthelefthip，withahotiron，theyweregiventosuchofthepeasants，owningorleasingfarmsproperforbreedinggoodhorses，asappliedforthem。

Theconditionsuponwhichthesebroodmaresweregivenawaywereasfollows：

Theywere，inthefirstplace，givenawaygratis，andthepersonwhoreceivedoneofthesemaresisallowedtoconsiderherashisownproperty，anduseherinanykindofworkhethinksproper；

heis，however，obligednotonlytokeepher，andnottosellher，orgiveheraway，butheisalsounderobligationstokeepherasabroodmare，andtohaveherregularlycoveredeveryseason，byastallionpointedouttohimbythecommissioners，whoareputattheheadofthisestablishment。Ifshedies，hemustreplaceherwithanotherbroodmare，whichmustbeapprovedbythecommissioners，andthenmarked——Ifoneofthesemaresshouldbefoundnottobringgoodcolts，ortohaveanyblemish，oressentialfaultorimperfection，shemaybechangedforanother。

Thestallionswhichareprovidedforthesemares，andwhichareunderthecareofthecommissioners，areprovidedgratis；

andthefoalsarethesolepropertyofthosewhokeepthemares，andtheymaysellthem，ordisposeofthem，whenandwhere，andinanywaytheymaythinkproper，inthesamemannerastheydisposeofanyotherfoal，broughtbyanyothermare。

Incasethearmyshouldbeobligedtotakethefield，ANDINNO

OTHERCASEWHATEVER，thosewhoareinpossessionofthesemaresareobligedeithertoreturnthem，ortofurnish，fortheuseofthearmy，anotherhorsefitfortheserviceoftheartillery。

Theadvantagesofthisarrangementtothearmyareobvious。

Inthecaseofanemergency，horsesarealwaysathand，andthesehorsesbeingboughtintimeofpeacecostmuchlessthanitwouldbenecessarytopayforthem，weretheytobepurchasedinahurryuponthebreakingoutofawar，uponwhichoccasionstheyarealwaysdear，andsometimesnottobehadformoney。

Itmayperhapsbeobjected，thatthemoneybeinglaidoutsolongbeforethehorsesarewanted，thelossoftheinterestofthepurchase-moneyoughttobetakenintoaccount；butaslargesumsofmoneymustalwaysbekeptinreadinessinthemilitarychest，toenablethearmytotakethefieldsuddenly，incaseitshouldbenecessary；andasapartofthismoneymustbeemployedinthepurchaseofhorses；itmayaswellbelaidoutbeforehand，astoliedeadinthemilitarychesttillthehorsesareactuallywanted；consequentlytheobjectionisnotfounded。

IwishIcouldsay，thatthismeasurehadbeencompletelysuccessful；butIamobligedtoown，thatithasnotansweredmyexpectations。Sixhundredmaresonlywereatfirstorderedtobepurchasedanddistributed；butIhadhopesofseeingthatnumberaugmentedsoontoasmanythousands；andIhadevenflatteredmyselfwithanideaofthepossibilityofplacinginthismanneramongthepeasants，andconsequentlyhavingconstantlyinreadiness，withoutanyexpence，asufficientnumberofhorsesforthewholearmy；forthecavalryaswellasfortheartilleryandbaggage；andIhadformedaplanforcollectingtogetherandexercising，everyyear，suchofthesehorsesasweredestinedfortheserviceofthecavalry，andforpermittingtheirriderstogoonfurloughwiththeirhorses：inshort，myviewswenttotheformingofanarrangement，veryeconomical，andinmanyrespectssimilartothatoftheancientfeudalmilitarysystem；buttheobstinacyofthepeasantrypreventedthesemeasuresbeingcarriedintoexecution。Veryfewofthemcouldbeprevailedupontoacceptofthesehorses；andinproportionasthetermsuponwhichtheywereofferedtothemwereapparentlyadvantageous，theirsuspicionswereincreased，andtheyneverwouldbepersuadedthattherewasnotsometrickatthebottomoftheschemetoover-reachthem。

Itispossiblethattheirsuspicionswerenotalittleincreasedbythemaliciousinsinuationsofpersons，who，frommotivestooobvioustorequireanyexplanation，tookgreatpainsatthattimetorenderabortiveeverypublicundertakinginwhichIwasengaged。Butbethatasitmay，thefactis，Icouldneverfindmeanstoremovethesesuspicionsentirely，andImetwithsomuchdifficultyincarryingthemeasureintoexecution，thatIwasinducedatlasttoabandonit，orrathertopostponeitsexecutiontoamorefavourablemoment。Somefewmares(twoorthreehundred)wereplacedindifferentpartsofthecountry；

andsomeveryfinecoltshavebeenproducedfromthem，duringthesixyearsthathaveelapsedsincethisinstitutionwasformed；

buttheseslowadvancesdonotsatisfytheardourofmyzealforimprovement；andifmeansarenotfoundtoacceleratethem，Bavaria，withallhernaturaladvantagesforbreedingfinehorses，mustbeobliged，formanyyearstocome，tocontinuetoimporthorsesfromforeigncountries。

Myattemptstoimprovethebreedofhornedcattle，thoughinfinitelymoreconfined，havebeenproportionallymuchmoresuccessful。UponformingthepublicgardenatMunich，astheextentofthegroundsisveryconsiderable，thegardenbeingabovesixEnglishmilesincircumference，andthesoilbeingremarkablygood，Ihadanopportunityofmaking，withinthegarden，averyfineandaveryvaluablefarm；andthisfarmbeingstockedwithaboutthirtyofthefinestcowsthatcouldbeprocuredfromSwitzerland，Flanders，Tyrol，andotherplacesupontheContinentfamousforagoodbreedofhornedcattle；andthisflockbeingrefreshedannuallywithnewimportationsofcowsaswellasbulls，allthecowswhichareproduced，aredistributedinthecountry，beingsoldtoanypersonofthecountrywhoappliesforthem，ANDWITHPROMISETOREARTHEM，atthesamelowpricesatwhichthemostordinarycalvesofthecommonbreedofthecountryaresoldtothebutchers。

Thoughthisestablishmenthasexistedonlyaboutsixyears，itisquitesurprisingwhatachangeithasproducedinthecountry。

AsthereisagreatresorttoMunichfromallpartsofthecountry，itbeingthecapital，andtheresidenceoftheSovereign，thenewEnglishgarden(asitiscalled)，whichbeginsupontherampartsofthetown，andextendsneartwoEnglishmilesinlength，andisalwayskeptopen，ismuchfrequented，andtherearefewwhogointothegardenwithoutpayingavisittothecows，whicharealwaysathome。Theirstables，whichareconcealedinathickwoodbehindapubliccoffee-houseortaverninthemiddleofthegarden，areelegantlyfittedupandkeptwithgreatcare；andthecows，whicharenotonlylarge，andremarkablybeautiful，butarealwayskeptperfectlyclean，andinthehighestcondition，areanobjectofpubliccuriosity。Thosewhoarenotparticularlyinterestedintheimprovementofcattle，gotoseethemasbeautifulandextraordinaryanimals；butfarmersandconnoisseursgotoEXAMINEthem，——tocomparethemwitheachother，——andwiththecommonbreedofthecountry，andtogetinformationwithrespecttothemanneroffeedingthem，andtheprofitsderivedfromthem；andsorapidlyhastheflameofimprovementspreadthroughouteverypartofBavariafromthissmallspark，thatI

havenodoubtbutinaveryfewyearsthebreedofhornedcattlewillbequitechanged。

NotsatisfiedwiththescantysupplyfurnishedfromthefarmintheEnglishgarden，severalofthenobility，andsomeofthemostwealthyandenterprisingofthefarmers，aresendingtoSwitzerland，andotherdistantcountriesfamousforfinecattle，forcowsandbulls；andthegoodeffectsoftheseexertionsarealreadyvisibleinmanypartsofthecountry。

Howveryeasywoulditbebysimilarmeanstointroduceaspiritofimprovementinanycountry！andwheresovereignsdonotmakepublicgardenstobringtogetheraconcourseofpeople，individualsmightdoitbyprivatesubscription，oratleasttheymightunitetogetherandrentalargefarmintheneighbourhoodofthecapital，forthepurposeofmakingusefulexperiments。

Ifsuchafarmwerewellmanaged，theproduceofitwouldbemorethansufficienttopayalltheexpensesattendingit；andifthegroundsandfieldswerelaidoutwithtaste——ifgoodroadsforcarriagesandforthosewhorideonhorsebackweremaderoundit，andbetweenallthefields——ifthestableswereelegantlyfittedup——filledwithbeautifulcattle，keptperfectlycleanandneat；

andifahandsomeinnwereerectednearthebuildingsofthefarm，wherethosewhovisiteditmightbefurnishedwithrefreshment，itwouldsoonbecomeaplaceofpublicresortandimprovementsinagriculturewouldbecomeAFASHIONABLEAMUSEMENT；

theladiesevenwouldtakepleasureinviewingfromtheircarriagesthebusyandmostinterestingscenesofruralindustry，anditwouldnolongerbethoughtvulgartounderstandthemysteriesofCeres。

WhyshouldnotParliamentpurchase，orrentsuchafarmintheneighbourhoodofLondon，andputitunderthedirectionoftheBoardofAgriculture？Theexpencewouldbebutameretrifle，ifanything，andtheinstitutionwouldnotonlybeuseful，butextremelyinteresting；anditwouldbeaninexhaustiblesourceofrationalandinnocentamusement，aswellasofimprovementtovastnumbersofthemostrespectableinhabitantsofthisgreatmetropolis。

Informertimes，statesmenconsideredtheamusementofthepublicasanobjectofconsiderableimportance，andpainsweretakentorenderthepublicamusementsusefulinformingthenationalcharacter。

AnAccountoftheMeasuresadoptedforputtinganEndtoUSURY

atMUNICH。

Anothermeasure，morelimitedinitsoperationsthanthosebeforementioned，butwhichnotwithstandingwasproductiveofmuchgood，wasadopted，inwhichapartofthetreasurewhichwaslyingdeadinthemilitarychestwasusefullyemployedforthereliefofaconsiderablenumberofindividuals，employedinsubordinatestationsunderthegovernment，whostoodingreatneedofassistance。

Apracticeproductiveofmuchharmtothepublicservice，aswellastoindividuals，hadprevailedformanyyearsinBavariainalmostallthepublicdepartmentsofthestate，thatofappointingagreatnumberofsupernumeraryclerks，secretaries，counsellors，etc。who，servingwithoutpay，orwithonlysmallallowances，wereobliged，inordertosubsisttillsuchtimeastheyshouldcomeintothereceiptoftheregulatedsalariesannexedtotheiroffices，tocontractdebtstoaconsiderableamount；andasmanyofthemhadnoothersecuritytogiveforthesumsborrowed，thantheirpromisetorepaythemwhenitshouldbeintheirpower，nomoney-lenderwhocontentedhimselfwithlegalinterestforhismoneywouldtrustthem；andofcoursetheywereobligedtohaverecoursetoJewsandotherusurers，whodidnotaffordthemthetemporaryassistancetheyrequired，butuponthemostexorbitantandruinousconditions；sothattheseunfortunatepeople，insteadoffindingthemselvesattheireaseuponcomingintopossessionoftheemolumentsoftheiroffices，werefrequentlysoembarrassedintheircircumstancesastobeobligedtomortgagetheirsalariesformanymonthstocome，toraisemoneytosatisfytheirclamorouscreditors；andfromthiscircumstance，andfromthegeneralprevalenceofluxuryanddissipationamongallranksofsociety，theanticipationofsalarieshadbecomesoprevalent，andtheconditionsuponwhichmoneywasadvanceduponsuchsecuritywassoexorbitant，thatthisalarmingevilcalledforthemostseriousattentionofthegovernment。

Theinterestcommonlypaidformoney，advanceduponreceiptsforsalaries，was5PERCENT。PERMONTH，orthreecreutzers，fortheflorin；andtherewereinstancesofevenmuchlargerinterestbeinggiven。

Theseverestlawshadbeenmadetopreventtheseabuses，butmeanswereconstantlyfoundtoevadethem；and，insteadofputtinganendtotheevil，theyfrequentlyservedrathertoincreaseit。

Itoccurredtome，thatasanytradesmanmayberuinedbyanotherwhocanaffordtoundersellhim，soitmightbepossibletoruintheusurers，bysettingupthebusinessinoppositiontothem，andfurnishingmoneytoborrowersuponmorereasonableterms。

Inordertomakethisexperiment，acaiseofadvance(VorschussCassa)，containing30，000florins，wasestablishedatthemilitarypay-office，whereanypersonintheactualreceiptofasalaryorpensionundergovernment，inanydepartmentofthestate，civilormilitary，mightreceiveinadvance，uponhispersonalapplication，hissalaryorpensionforoneorfortwomonthsuponadeductionofinterestattherateof5PERCENT。

PERANNUM，oronetwelfthpartoftheinterestcommonlyextortedbytheJewsandotherusurersuponthoseoccasions。

Thegreatnumberofpersonswhohaveavailedthemselvesoftheadvantagesheldouttothembythisestablishment，andwhostillcontinuetoavailthemselvesofthem，showshoweffectuallytheestablishmenthasbeentoremedytheevilitwasdesignedtoeradicate。

Thenumberofpersonswhoapplytothischestforassistanceeachmonth，isatamediumfrom300to400，andthesumsactuallyinadvance，amountingeneraltoabove20，000florins。

Asnomoneyisadvancedfromthischestbutupongovernmentsecuritiesthatistosay，uponreceiptsforsalaries，andpensions，thereisnorisqueattendingtheoperation；

andastheinterestarisingfromthemoneyadvanced，ismorethansufficienttodefraytheexpenceofcarryingonthebusiness，thereisnolosswhateverattendingit。

AnAccountofaSCHEMEforemployingtheSOLDIERYinBAVARIA

inrepairingtheHighwaysandPublicRoads。

Ihadformedaplan，which，ifithadbeenexecuted，wouldhaverenderedthemilitarypostsorpatrolesofcavalryestablishedinallpartsoftheElector’sdominionsmuchmoreinteresting，andmoreuseful[2]。Iwishedtohaveemployedthesoldieryexclusivelyintherepairsofallthehighwaysinthecountry，andtohaveunitedthisundertakingwiththeestablishmentofpermanentmilitarystations，onallthehighroads，forthepreservationoforderandpublictranquillity。

Itisagreathardshipupontheinhabitantsinanycountrytobeobligedtoleavetheirowndomesticaffairs，andturnoutwiththeircattleandservants，whencalledupon，toworkuponthepublicroads；butthiswaspeculiarlygrievousinBavaria，wherelabourersaresoscarcethatthefarmersarefrequentlyobligedtoleaveagreatpartoftheirgroundsuncultivatedforwantofhands。

MyplanwastomeasureallthepublicroadsfromthecapitalcitiesintheElector’sdominionstothefrontiers，andallcrosscountryroads；placingmile-stonesregularlynumbereduponeachroad，atregulardistancesofonehour，orhalfaGermanmilefromeachother；——todivideeachroadintoasmanystationsasitcontainedmile-stones；eachstationextendingfromonemile-stonetoanother；andtoerectinthemiddleofeachstation，bytheroad-side，asmallhouse，withstablingforthreeorfourhorses，andwithasmallgardenadjoiningtoit；——toplaceineachofthesehouses，asmalldetachmentofcavalryofthreeorfourmen，——asoldieronfurlough，employedtotakecareoftheroadandkeepitinrepairwithinthelimitsofthestation；——aninvalidsoldiertotakecareofthehouse，andtoreceiveordersandmessagesintheabsenceoftheothers，——totakecareofthegarden，toprovideprovisions，andcookforthefamily。

Ifanyofthesoldiersshouldhappentobemarried，hiswifemighthavebeenallowedtolodgeinthehouse，uponconditionofherassistingtheinvalidsoldierinthisservice；orapensionedsoldier’swidowmighthavebeenemployedforthesamepurpose。

Topreserveorderanddisciplineintheseestablishments，itwasproposedtoemployactiveandintelligentnon-commissionedofficersasoverseersofthehighways，andtoplacetheseundertheordersofsuperiorofficersappointedtopresideovermoreextensivedistricts。

Itwasproposedlikewisetoplantrowsofusefultreesbytheroad-sidefromonestationtoanotherthroughoutthewholecountry，anditwascalculatedthatafteracertainnumberofyearstheproduceofthosetreeswouldhavebeennearlysufficienttodefrayalltheexpencesofrepairingtheroads。

Suchanarrangement，withthestrikingappearanceoforderandregularitythatwouldaccompanyit，couldnothavefailedtointeresteverypersonoffeelingwhosawit；andIampersuadedthatsuchaschememightbecarriedintoexecutionwithgreatadvantageinmostcountrieswherestandingarmiesarekeptupintimeofpeace。ThereasonswhythisplanwasnotexecutedinBavariaatthetimeitwasproposedaretoolong，andtooforeigntomypresentpurposetobehererelated。Perhapsatimemaycomewhentheywillceasetoexist。

APPENDIX。NoI。

ADDRESSandPETITIONtoalltheInhabitantsandCitizensofMUNICH，intheNameoftherealPoorandDistressed。

(TranslatedfromtheGerman)。

Toolonghavethepublichonourandsafety，moralityandreligion，calledaloudfortheextirpationofanevil，which，thoughhabithasrendereditfamiliartous，alwaysappearsinallitshorridanddisgustingshapes；andwhosedangerouseffectsshowthemselveseverywhere，andareincreasingeveryday。

ToolongalreadyhavethevirtuouscitizensofthismetropolisseenwithconcernthegrowingnumbersoftheBeggars，theirimpudence，andtheiropenandshamelessdebaucheries；yetidlenessandmendicity(thosepestsofsociety)havebeensofeeblycounteracted，that，insteadofbeingcheckedandsuppressed，theyhavetriumphedoverthoseweakattemptstorestrainthemandacquiringfreshvigourandactivityfromsuccess，havespreadtheirbalefulinfluencefarandwide。

Whatwell-affectedcitizencanbeindifferenttotheshamethatdevolvesuponhimselfanduponhiscountry，whenwholeswarmsofdissoluterabble，coveredwithfilthyrags，paradethestreets，andbytalesofrealoroffictitiousdistress——byclamorousimportunity，insolence，andrudeness，extortinvoluntarycontributionsfromeverytraveller？Whennoretreatistobefound，noretirementwherepoverty，misery，andimpudenthypocrisy，inalltheirdisgustingandhideousforms，donotcontinuallyintrude；whennooneispermittedtoenjoyapeacefulmoment，freefromtheirimportunity，eitherinthechurchesorinpublicplaces，atthetombsofthedead，orattheplacesofamusement？

Whatavailthemarksofaffluenceandprosperitywhichappearinthedressandequipageofindividuals，intheeleganceoftheirdwellings，andinthemagnificenceandsplendidornamentsofourchurches，whilethevoiceofwoeisheardineverycorner，proceedingfromthelipsofhoaryagewornoutwithlabour；fromstrongandhealthymencapableoflabour；fromyounginfantsandtheirshamelessandabandonedparents？Whatreputablecitizenwouldnotblush，ifamongtheinmatesofhishouseshouldbefoundamiserablewretch，whobytalesofrealorfictitiousdistressshouldattempttoextortcharitabledonationsfromhisfriendsandvisitors？Whatopinionwouldheexpectwouldbeformedofhisunderstanding——ofhisheart——ofhiscircumstances？

Whatthenmusttheforeignerandtravellerthink，who，afterhavingseennovestigeofBeggaryintheneighbouringcountries，should，uponhisarrivalatMunich，findhimselfsuddenlysurroundedbyaswarmofgroaningwinchingwretches，besiegingandfollowinghiscarriage？

THEPUBLICHONOURcallsaloudtohaveastopputtothisdisgracefulevil。

THEPUBLICSAFETYalsodemandsit。Thedreadfulconsequencesareobvious，whichmustensuewhengreatnumbersofhealthyindividuals，andwholefamilies，liveinidleness，withoutanysettledabode，concludingeverydaywithschemesfordefraudingthepublicoftheirsubsistenceforthenext：wherethechildrenbelongingtothisnumeroussocietyaremadeuseoftoimposeonthecredulityofthebenevolent，andwheretheyareregularlytrained，fromtheirearliestinfancy，inallthoseinfamouspractices，whicharecarriedonsystematically，andtosuchanalarmingextentamongus。

Greatnumbersofthesechildrengrowuptodieunderthehandsoftheexecutioner。Theonlyinstructiontheyreceivefromtheirparentsishowtocheatanddeceive；anddailypracticeinlyingandstealingfromtheirveryinfancy，rendersthemuncommonlyexpertintheirinfamoustrade。Therecordsofthecourtsofjusticeshowininnumerableinstances，thatearlyhabitsofIdlenessandBeggaryareapreparationforthegallows；andamongthenumeroustheftsthataredailycommittedinthiscapital，thereareveryfewthatarenotcommittedbypersonswhogetintothehousesunderthepretextofaskingforcharity。

Whatpersonisignorantofthesefacts？andwhocandemandfurtherproofsofthenecessityofasolidanddurableinstitution，forthereliefandsupportofthePoor？

Thereaderwouldbeseizedwithhorror，werewetounveilallthesecretabominationsoftheseabandonedwretches。TheylaughalikeatthelawsofGodandofman。Nocrimeistoohorribleandshockingforthem，nothinginheavenorontheearthtooholynottobeprofanedbythemwithoutscruple，andemployedwithconsummatehyprocrisytotheirwickedpurposes[3]。

Whenceisitthatthisevilproceeds？notfromtheinabilityofthisgreatcapitaltoprovideforitsPoor；fornocityintheworld，ofequalextentandpopulation，hassomanyhospitalsforthesickandinfirm，andotherinstitutionsofpubliccharity。

Neitherisitowingtothehard-heartednessoftheinhabitants；

foramorefeelingandcharitablepeoplecannotbefound。

EventheuncommonlygreatandincreasingnumbersoftheBeggarsshowthekindnessandliberalityoftheinhabitants；forthesevagabondsnaturallycollecttogetherinthegreatestnumbers，wheretheirtradecanbecarriedontothegreatestadvantage。

THEINJUDICIOUSDISPENSATIONOFALMSistherealandonlysourceofthisevil。

Ineverycommunitytherearecertainlytobefoundagreaterorlessnumberofpooranddistressedpersons，whohavejustclaimsonthepubliccharity。ThisisalsothecaseatMunich；

andnaturedictatestousthedutyofadministeringrelieftosufferinghumanity，andmoreespeciallytoourpooranddistressedfellow-citizens；andourHolyReligionpromiseseternalrewardstohimwhosupportsandrelievesthepoorandneedy，andthreatenseverlastingdamnationtohimwhosendsthemawaywithoutrelief。

TheHolyFathersteach，thatwhentherearenoothermeansleftforthereliefandsupportofthePoor，thesuperfluousornamentsofthechurchesmaybedisposedof，andeventhesacredvesselsmelteddownandsoldforthatpurpose。

Butwhatshallwethink，whenweseethoseverypersons，whoprofesstoliveaftertherulesandpreceptslaiddowninthewordofGod，actdiametricallycontrarytothem？

Such，doubtless，isthefatalconductofthosewhoareinducedbymistakencompassiontolavishtheiralmsuponBeggars，andobstructthereliefofthereallyindigent——Almsthatfrustrateagoodandusefulinstitutioncannotbemeritorious，oracceptabletoGod：andnomaximislessfoundedintruth，thanthatthemeritofthegiverisundiminishedbytheunworthinessoftheobject——ThetrulydistressedaretoobashfultomixwiththeherdofcommonBeggars；necessity，itistrue，willsometimesconquertheirtimidity，andcompelthempublicitytosolicitcharity；buttheirmodestappealisunheardorunnoticed，whilstadissolutevagabond，whoexhibitsanhypocriticalpictureofdistress，——adrunkenwretch，whopretendstohaveanumerousfamilyandtobepersecutedbymisfortune，——oranimpudentunfeelingwomen，whoexcitespitybythetearsandcriesofapoorchildwhomshehashiredperhapsforthepurpose，andtorturedintosuffering，stepsdaringlyforwardtointerceptthealmsofthecharitable；andthewell-intentionedgiftwhichshouldrelievetheindigentistheprizeofimpudenceandimposition，andthesupportofviceandidleness——Whatthenisleftforthemodestobjectofrealdistress，buttoretiredispiritedandhidehimselfintheobscurityofhiscottage，theretolanguishinmisery，whilstthebolderBeggarconsumestheill-bestowedgiftinmirthandriot？And，yet，thecharitabledonorflattershimselfthathehasperformedanexemplaryduty！

Weearnestlyentreateverycitizenandinhabitantofthiscapital，eachinhisrespectivestation，nolongertocountenancemendicitybysuchamisapplicationoftheirwell-meantcharity；

contributingthustoaugmentthefatalconsequencesoftheevilitself，aswellastoimpedethereliefoftherealnecessitous。

Wearefirmlypersuaded，thatbypointingouttoourfellow-citizensamethodbywhichtheymayexercisetheirbenevolencetowardstheindigentanddistressedinameritoriousmanner，weshallgratifytheirpiouszealandhumanity，andatthesametimeessentiallypromotethehonourandsafetyofthestate，andtheinterestsofsoundmoralityandreligion。

AndthisisthesoleobjectoftheMilitaryWorkhouse，whichhasbeeninstitutedbythecommandofhisElectoralHighness，where，fromthistimeforward，allwhoareabletoworkmayfindemploymentandwages，andwillbecloathedandfed——THEREwillbethereallyindigentfindasecureasylum，andthoseunfortunatepersonswhoareapreytosicknessandinfirmity，orarewornoutwithage，willbeeffectuallyrelieved——

Webegyounottolistentothefalserepresentationswhichmay，perhaps，bemadetocalumniatethisinstitution，byputtingitonalevelwithformerimperfectestablishments——WhyshouldnotaninstitutionprosperatMunich，whichhasalreadybeensuccessfulinotherplaces，particularlyatManheim，whereabove800personsaredailyemployedintheMilitaryWorkhouse，andheapbenedictionsonitsbenevolentfounder？——Havetheinhabitantsofthistownlessgoodsense，lesshumanity，orlesszealforthegoodofmankind？No——itwouldbeaninsultonthepatriotismofourfellow-citizens，werewetodoubtoftheirreadinesstoconcurinourundertaking。

Theonlyefficaciouswayofpromotinganinstitutionsointimatelyconnectedwiththesafety，honor，andwelfareofthestate，andwiththeinterestsofreligionandmorality，isageneralresolutionoftheinhabitantstoestablishavoluntarymonthlycontribution，andstrictlyprohibittheabominableanddegradingpracticeofstreet-begging；theunlimitedexerciseofwhich，notwithstandingitsfatalanddisgracefulconsequences，isperhapsmoreglaringlyindulgedinMunichthaninanyothercityinGermany。

Invainwilltheinstitutionbeopposedbytheprejudices，orthemeannessandmaliceofpersonswhoarethemselvesusedtomendicity，ortoexerciseaninsolentdominionoverBeggars。

Itwillsubsistinspiteofalltheirefforts；andwehavethefullestconfidencethatthegenerousandwell-disposedinhabitantsofthiscitywillbesensiblehowinjuriousthehabitsofencouragingpublicmendicityare，whenanopportunityisofferedthemofcontributingtoaninstitutionwherethereallyindigentaresuretofindassistance，andwherethebenevolentChristianiscertainthathisneighboursandfellow-citizensarebenefitedbyhischaritabledonations。

Thesimplestandmosteffectualwayofascertainingtheextentofsuchcontributionistoformalistofallthecitizensandinhabitantsofthetown，withthenameofthestreet，andnumberofthehousetheyinhabit。ThisregistermaybecalledanAlmsBook。Itwillbepresentedtoeachinhabitant，thathemayputdownthesumwhichhemeansvoluntarilytosubscribeeverymonthtowardsthesupportofthePoor。Thesmallestdonationwillbegratefullyreceived，andtheobjectswhoarerelievedbythemwillprayforthemtotheAlmightyRewarderofallgoodactions。

Asthischaritablecontributionistobeabsolutelyvoluntary，everyone，whateverbehisrankorproperty，willsubscribeashepleases，agreateroralesssum，ornoneatall。Thenamesofthebenefactorsandtheirdonationswillbeprintedandpublishedquarterly，thateveryonemayknowandacknowledgethezealousfriendsofhumanity，bywhoseassistanceanevilofsuchmagnitude，solongandsouniversallycomplainedof，willbefinallyrootedout。

WerequestthatthepublicwillnotopposesosureandeffectualamodeofgrantingrelieftothePoor，butrathergivetheirgeneroussupporttoanundertaking，whichcannotbutbeproductiveofmuchgood，andacceptableinthesightofHeaven。

Toconvinceeveryoneofthefaithfulapplicationofthesecontributions，anexactdetailbothofthereceiptandexpenditureoftheinstitutionwillbeprintedandlaidbeforethepubliceverythreemonths；andeverysubscriberwillbeallowedtoinspectandexaminetheoriginalaccountswheneverheshallthinkproper。

Itmustbeobvioustoeveryone，eventopersonsofthemostsuspiciousdispositions，thatthisinstitutionisperfectlydisinterested，andowesitsoriginentirelytopurebenevolence，andanactivezealforthepublicgood，whenitisknownthataCommitteeappointedbyhisElectoralHighness，underthedirectionofthePresidentsoftheCouncilofWar，theSupremeRegency，andtheEcclesiasticalCouncil，willhavethesoleadministrationanddirectionoftheaffairsoftheinstitution，andthatthemonthlycollectionsofalmswillbemadebycreditablepersonsproperlyauthorised；andthatnosalary，oremolumentsofanykind，willbeleviedonthefundsoftheinstitution，eitherforsalariesforthecollectors，oranyotherpersonsemployedintheserviceoftheinstitution，aswillclearlyappearbytheprintedquarterlyaccounts。Bysuchprecautions，wetrust，weshallobviateallpossiblesuspicions，andinspireeveryunprejudicedpersonwithafirmconfidenceinthisusefulinstitution。

Henceforward，then，theinfamouspracticeofbegginginthestreetswillnolongertoleratedinMunich，andthepublicarefromthismomentexoneratedfromaburdenwhichisnotlesstroublesometoindividualsthanitisdisgracefultothecountry。

Whocandoubttheco-operationofeveryindividualfortheaccomplishmentofsolaudableanundertaking？Wetrustthatnoonewillencourageidleness，byaninjudiciousandperniciousprofusionofalmsgiventoBeggars；andbypromotingthemostunbridledlicentiousness，makehimselfaparticipatorinthedangerousconsequencesofmendicity，andsharetheguiltofallthosecrimesandoffenceswhichendangerthewelfareofthestate，injurethecauseofreligion，andinsultthedistressofthereallyindigent。

Nolongerwillthesevagabondsimposeongood-natureandbenevolence，byfalsepretences，byill-foundedcomplaintsoftheinefficacyoftheprovisionforthePoor，orbyanyotherartifices；norcantheyescapethestrictandconstantvigilancewithwhichtheywillinfuturebewatched；wheneverypersontheymeetwilldirectthemtotheHouseofIndustry，insteadofgivingthemmoney。

Itisthisregulationalonewhichcaneffectuateourpurpose，aregulationenforcedinthedaysofprimitiveChristianity，andsanctionedbyReligionitself；thecharitablegiftsofthewealthierChristiansbeinginthosedaysalldepositedinacommontreasury，forthebenefitoftheirpooreranddistressedBrethren，andnotsquanderedawayintheencouragementofdissoluteidleness。

Wethereforeentreatandbeseechthepublicingeneral，inthenameofsufferinghumanity，andofthatAlmightyBeingwhocannotbutregardsolaudableanenterprisewithaneyeoffavour，togiveeverypossiblesupporttoourdesign。Andwetrustthattheclergyofeverydenomination，butespeciallythepublicpreachers，willexerttheirsplendidabilitiestoanimatetheircongregationstoco-operatewithusinthisgreatandimportantundertaking。

APPENDIXNoII。

SUBSCRIPTIONLISTSdistributedamongtheInhabitantsofMUNICH，intheMonthofJANUARY1790，whentheEstablishmentfortheReliefofthePoorinthatCitywasformed。

TranslatedfromtheOriginalGerman。

VOLUNTARYSUBSCRIPTIONS

forTheReliefandSupportofTheIndustrious，Sick，andHelplessPOOR，andForthetotalExtirpationofVAGRANTS

andSTREET-BEGGARS，IntheCityofMUNICH。

REMARKS。

Thesevoluntarysubscriptionswillbecollectedmonthly，namely，onthelastSundaymorningofeverymonth，underthedirectionoftheCommitteeofGovernorsoftheInstitutionforthePoor；

consistingofthePresidentoftheCouncilofWar，——thePresidentoftheCounciloftheRegency，——andthePresidentoftheEcclesiasticalCouncil[4]；andtheamountofthesecollectionswillalwaysberegularlynoteddowninbookskeptforthatpurpose；andattheendofeverythreemonthsaparticulardetailedaccountoftheapplicationofthesesumswillbeprinted，andgivengratistothesubscribersandtothepublic。

Nopartofthesevoluntarycontributionswilleverbetaken，orappropriatedtothepaymentofsalaries，gratuities，orrewardstoanyofthosepersonswhomaybeemployedincarryingonthebusinessoftheinstitution；butthewholeamountofthesumscollectedwillbefaithfullyappliedtothereliefandsupportofthePoor，andtothatcharitablepurposealone，astheaccountsoftheexpendituresoftheinstitution，whichwillbepublishedfromtimetotime，willclearlyshowanddemonstrate——Allthepersonsnecessarytobeemployedintheaffairsofthisestablishment，willeitherbeselectedfromamongsuchasalreadyareinthereceiptofsalaries，sufficientfortheircomfortablemaintenancefromotherfunds；ortheywillbesuchpersons，ineasycircumstances，asmayofferthemselvesvoluntarilyfortheseservices，frommotivesofhumanity，andadisinterestedwishtobeinstrumentalindoinggood。

Asthepreparationswhichhavebeenmade，andaremakingforthesupportofthePoor，leavenodoubt，butthatadequatereliefwillbeaffordedtotheminfuture，theywillnolongerhaveanypretextforbegging；andallpersonsaremostearnestlyrequestedtoabstainhenceforwardfromgivingalmstoBeggars。Insteadofgivingmoneytosuchpersonsastheymayfindbegginginthestreet，theyarerequestedtodirectthemtotheHouseofIndustry，wheretheywill，withoutfail，receivesuchassistanceandsupportastheymaystandinneedofanddeserve。

Thosepersonswhosenamesarealreadyinsertedinotherlists，assubscriberstothisinstitution，are，nevertheless，requestedtoentertheirnamesuponthesefamily-sheets；forthoughtheirnamesmaystandonseverallists，theircontributionswillbecalledforupononeofthemonly，andthatonewillbethefamily-sheet。

Thosepersonsofeithersex，whohavenofamilies，butoccupyhousesorlodgingoftheirown，are，notwithstandingtheirbeingwithoutfamilies，requestedtoputdowntheamountofthemonthlycontributionstheyarewillingtogivetothisinstitutionuponafamily-sheet，andtoinserttheirnamesinthelistas“headofthefamily。”

Underthecolumndestinedforthenamesof“relationsandfriends，livinginthehouse。”maybeincludedstrangers，lodgers，boarders，etc。

Thecolumnfor“domestics“may，inlikemanner，serve，particularlyinthehousesofthenobility，andotherdistinguishedpersons，forstewards，tutors，governesses，etc。

Eachheadofafamilywillreceivetwoofthesefamily-sheets，namely，onewiththeseRemarks，whichhewillkeepforhisinformation，——theother，printedonahalf-sheetofpaper，andwithoutremarks，whichhewillpleasetoreturntothepublicofficeoftheinstitution。

Incaseofachangeinthefamily，orifoneorotherofthemembersofitshouldthinkpropertoincreaseortolessentheircontribution，thisalterationistobemarkeduponthehalf-sheet，whichiskeptbytheheadofthefamily；andthissheetsoalteredistobesenttothepublicofficeoftheinstitution，totheendthatthesealterationsmaybemadeinthegenerallistsofthesubscribers；ornewprintedformsbeingprocuredfromthepublicoffice，andfilledup，thesenewlistsmaybeexchangedagainsttheoldones。

Fortheaccommodationofthosewhomayatanytimewishtocontributeprivatelytothesupportoftheinstitutionanysumsinadditiontotheirordinarymonthlydonations，thebankeroftheinstitution，Mr。Dallarmi，willreceivesuchsumsdestinedforthatpurpose，asmaybesenttohimprivatelyunderanyfeignedname，motto，ordevice；andforthesecurityofthedonors，accountsofallthesumssoreceived，withanaccountofthefeignedname，motto，ordevice，underwhicheachofthemwassenttothebanker，willberegularlypublishedintheMunichGazette。

ThefirstcollectionwillbemadeonthelastSundayofthepresentmonth，andthefollowingcollectionsonthelastMondayofeverysucceedingmonth；andeachheadofafamilyisrespectfullyrequestedtocausethecontributionsofhisfamily，andoftheinhabitantsofhishouse，tobecollectedattheendofeverymonth，byadomesticoraservant，andtokeepthesameinreadinessagainstthetimeofthecollection。

Allpersonsofbothsexes，andofeveryageandcondition，(Paupersonlyexcepted，)areearnestlyrequestedtohavetheirnamesinsertedintheselistsorfamily-sheets；andtheymayrestassured，thatanysum，eventhemosttrifling，willbereceivedwiththankfulness，andappliedwithcaretothegreatobjectoftheinstitution——thereliefandencouragementofthePoorandtheDistressed。

Andfinally，asitcannotfailtocontributeverymuchtoimprovethehumanheart，ifyoungpersonsatanearlyperiodoflifeareaccustomedtoactsofbenevolence，——itisrecommendedtoparents，tocausealltheirchildrentoputdowntheirnamesassubscriberstothisundertaking，andthis，eventhoughthedonationstheymaybeabletosparemaybethemosttrifling，oreveniftheparentsshouldbeobligedtolessentheirowncontributionsinordertoenabletheirchildrentobecomesubscribers。

TheforegoingRemarkswereprintedonthetwofirstpagesofasheet，13inchesby18inches，ofstrongwriting-paper。

ThefollowingSubscriptionListwasprintedonthethirdpageofthesamesheet，——andalsoonaseparatehalf-sheetofthesamekindofpaper。

VoluntaryContributionsfortheSupportofthePooratMunich。

FAMILY——SHEET。

======================

NumberoftheHouseDistrictStreetFloor。

HeadoftheFamily}MonthlyContributions。

HisCharacter，or}Florins。Creutzers。

OtherPersonsbelongingtotheFamily——

：Wife，Children，Re-：Monthly：Domestics，Journey-：Monthly：

：lationsandFriends：Contribu-：man，MenialServants，：Contribu-：

：ofbothSexesliving：tions。：etcofbothSexes，the：tions。：

：withtheFamily。The：：ChristianandSirname：：

：ChristianNameand：：ofeachIndividual。：：

：SirnameofeachPer-：——：——：：——：——：

：son。：Fl。：Kr。：：Fl。：Kr。：

：——：——：——：——：——：——：

：：：：：：：

：：：：：：：

：：：：：：：

：：：：：：：

：：：：：：：

：：：：：：：

：：：：：：：

：：：：：：：

：：：：：：：

：：：：：：：

：：：：：：：

：：：：：：：

：：：：：：：

：：：：：：：

：：：：：：：

：：：：：：：

：：：：(Atthelowercorner：：：

：：：：ofthishalf-sheet：：：

：：：：wasprintedinsmall：：：

：：：：type)：“Thishalf-：：：

：：：：“sheetistobesent：：：

：：：：“intothePublic：：：

：：：：“Officeofthe：：：

：：：：“Institution。”：：：——

APPENDIXIII。

[Etexteditor’snote……thefollowingtablehashadtobesplitintotwoparts，withtheadditionalreferencesA)B)etcthroughtoUK)tolinkthemtogether。Originallytheentiretablewasprintedinlandscapeformat，withtotalscarriedforward，broughtover，whichhavebeenremoved。]

AnAccountoftheRECEIPTSandEXPENDITURESoftheINSTITUTION

forthePOORatMUNICHduringFiveYears。

RECEIPTS——

：：：Totalin：

：1790。：1791。：1792。：1793。：1794。：5Years。：

：——：——：——：——：——：——：

：Florins。：Florins。：Florins。：Florins。：Florins。：Florins。：

：：：：：：：

A)：36，640：38，024：35，847：34，424：33，880：178。815：

：：：：：：：

B)：15，400：15，400：16，800：16，800：16，800：81，200：

：：：：：：：

C)：970：1，043：800：800：802：4，415：

：：：：：：：

D)：179：388：388：411：390：1，756：

：：：：：：：

E)：——：168：392：229：234：1，023：

：：：：：：：

F)：——：——：——：3，216：2，773：5，989：

：：：：：：：

G)：318：177：187：610：229：1，521：

：：：：：：：

H)：99：153：69：168：176：665：

：：：：：：：

I)：3，642：691：825：723：423：6，304：

：：：：：：：

J)：2，674：1，472：3，528：1，820：12，179：21，673：

：：：：：：：

K)：48：128：48：48：——：272：

：：：：：：：

L)：3，300：4，600：1，500：——：——：9，400：

：：：：：：：

M)：824：3，433：910：1，752：346：7，265：

：==========：==========：==========：==========：==========：==========：

：64，094：65，677：61，294：61，001：70，232：320，298：

EXPENDITURES——

：：：Totalin：

：1790。：1791。：1792。：1793。：1794。：5Years。：

：——：——：——：——：——：——：

：Florins。：Florins。：Florins。：Florins。：Florins。：Florins。：

：：：：：：：

N)：42，080：46，410：43，055：41，933：43，189：216，667：

：：：：：：：

O)：11，800：9，900：10，300：9，600：9，400：51，000：

：：：：：：：

P)：1，011：1，040：800：861：805：4，517：

：：：：：：：

Q)：450：403：350：1，150：1，500：3，853：

：：：：：：：

R)：217：254：272：336：290：1，396：

：：：：：：：

S)：256：183：219：210：226：1，094：

：：：：：：：

TA)：890：564：418：425：594：2，891：

：：：：：：：

TB)：160：187：34：35：94：510：

：：：：：：：

TC)：960：960：960：960：960：4，800：

：：：：：：：

TD)：84：72：72：72：72：372：

：：：：：：：

TE)：100：360：288：540：300：1，588：

：：：：：：：

TF)：220：240：240：240：240：1，180：

：：：：：：：

TG)：480：480：480：480：480：2，400：

：：：：：：：

TH)：440：480：480：480：480：2，360：

：：：：：：：

UA)：318：318：159：——：——：795：

：：：：：：：

UB)：——：——：——：183：200：383：

：：：：：：：

UC)：1，672：1，824：912：——：——：4，408：

：：：：：：：

UD)：369：199：189：250：361：1，368：

：：：：：：：

UE)：506：333：150：227：301：1，517：

：：：：：：：

UF)：22：6：——：——：——：28：

：：：：：：：

UG)：55：60：60：50：75：300：

：：：：：：：

UH)：831：300：——：——：——：1，131：

：：：：：：：

UI)：——：——：40：40：40：120：

：：：：：：：

UJ)：——：——：——：——：1，200：1，200：

：：：：：：：

UK)：172：234：261：645：433：1，745：

：==========：==========：==========：==========：==========：==========：

：63，093：64，807：59，739：58，717：61，240：307，596：——

RECEIPTS。

A)Frommonthlyvoluntarydonationsoftheinhabitantsincluding100FlorinsgivenmonthlybyhisMostSereneHighnesstheElectoroutofhisprivatepurse；50florinsmonthlybytheElectressDowagerofBavaria，and50florinsmonthlybytheStatesofBavaria，B)FromthePublicTreasuryastatedmonthlyallowance，intendedprincipallytodefraytheexpenseofthepoliceofthecity，C)Fromvoluntarydonations，particularlydestinedbythedonorstoassistthePoorinpayingtheirhouse-rent，D)FromvoluntaryandunsoliciteddonationsfromtheforeignmerchantsandtradersassembledatMunichatthetwoannualfairs，E)Fromthecourtsofjustice，beingfinesforcertainpettyoffences，F)Fromthemagistratesofthecity；beingtheamountofsumsreceivedfrommusiciansforlicencetoplayinthepublichouses，G)Fromthepoor’sboxesinthedifferentchurches，H)Fromthepoor’sboxesatinnsandtaverns，I)FromprivatecontributionssenttothebankeroftheInstitution，underfeignednames，devices，etc。

J)Fromlegacies，K)FrominterestofmoneyduetotheInstitution，L)Fromcashreceivedinadvance，M)Fromsundries，EXPENDITURES。

N)GiventothePoorinalms，inreadymoney，O)ExpendedinfeedingthePooratthePublicKitchenoftheMilitaryWorkhouse，andinpremiumsfortheencouragementofindustry，P)GiventothePoortoassisttheminpayingtheirhouse-rent，Q)PaidformedicinesadministeredtothePoorattheirownlodgings，R)Expendedinburials，S)Givenwithpoorchildrenwhenboundapprentices，Givenasanindemnificationforthelossoftherightformerlyenjoyedofmakingcollectionsofalmsamongtheinhabitants：——

TA)Topersonswhohavesufferedbyfires，——TB)Totravellingjourneymentradesmen，——TC)Tothesistersofthereligiousorderofcharity，——TD)TothenunsoftheEnglishconvent，——TE)TothehospitalforlepersontheGasteig，——TF)TothehospitalatSchwabing，——TG)TothepoorscholarsoftheGermanschool，——TH)TothepoorscholarsoftheLatinschool，UA)PaidtotheclerksofofficeofpoliceUB)PaidtotheaccountantoftheInstitution，UC)Paidtotheguardsofthepolice[5]，UD)Paidtowritersemployedoccasionallyasclerks，UE)Paidtoprintersandbookbinders，UF)PaidtothesoldiersofthegarrisonforarrestingBeggars，UG)GratuitiestotheschoolmasteratCharles’sGate，UH)PaidvarioussumsduefromtheInstitution，UI)Paidinterestofmoniesdue，UJ)Moneyadvancedforpurchasinggrain，UK)Sundries，APPENDIX，NoIV。

CertificaterelativetotheEXPENCEofFUELinthePublicKitchenoftheMilitaryWorkhouseatMUNICH

WewhoseNamesareunderwrittencertify，thatwehavebeenpresentfrequentlywhenexperimentshavebeenmadetodeterminetheexpenceofFuelincookingforthePoorinthePublicKitchenoftheMilitaryWorkhouseatMunich；andthatwhentheordinarydinnerhasbeenpreparedforONETHOUSAND

persons，theexpenseforFuelhasnotamountedtoquitetwelvecreutzers(lessthan41/2d。sterling)。

BarondeThibout，Heerdan，Colonel。CouncillorofWar。

Munich，1stSeptember1795。