第10章

On10thOctober1800themissionarieshadthuswrittenhome：——"Thereappearstobeafavourablechangeinthegeneraltemperofthepeople。Commercehasrousednewthoughtsandawakenednewenergies；

sothathundreds，ifwecouldskilfullyteachthemgratis，wouldcrowdtolearntheEnglishlanguage。Wehopethismaybeinourpowersometime，andmaybeahappymeansofdiffusingthegospel。

Atpresentourhandsarequitefull。"AmonthafterthatCareywrotetoFuller：——"IhavelongthoughtwhetheritwouldnotbedesirableforustosetupaschooltoteachthenativesEnglish。I

doubtnotbutathousandscholarswouldcome。IdonotsaythisbecauseIthinkitanobjecttoteachthemtheEnglishtongue；but，query，isnottheuniversalinclinationoftheBengaleestolearnEnglishafavourablecircumstancewhichmaybeimprovedtovaluableends？Ionlyhesitateattheexpense。"ThirtyyearsafterDuffreasonedinthesameway，afterconsultingCarey，andactedatonceinCalcutta。

By1816，when，on25thJune，Careywrotealetter，forhiscolleaguesandhimself，totheBoardoftheAmericanBaptistGeneralConvention，thegreatidea，destinedslowlytorevolutionisenotonlyIndia，butChina，Japan，andthefartherEast，hadtakenthisform：——

"WeknownotwhatyourimmediateexpectationsarerelativetotheBurmanempire，butwehopeyourviewsarenotconfinedtotheimmediateconversionofthenativesbythepreachingoftheWord。

CouldachurchofconvertednativesbeobtainedatRangoon，itmightexistforawhile，andbescattered，orperishforwantofadditions。FromallwehaveseenhithertowearereadytothinkthatthedispensationsofProvidencepointtolaboursthatmayoperate，indeed，moreslowlyonthepopulation，butmoreeffectuallyintheend：asknowledge，onceputintofermentation，willnotonlyinfluencethepartwhereitisfirstdeposited，butleaventhewholelump。Theslowprogressofconversioninsuchamodeofteachingthenativesmaynotbesoencouraging，andmayrequire，inall，morefaithandpatience；butitappearstohavebeentheprocessofthings，intheprogressoftheReformation，duringthereignsofHenry，Edward，Elizabeth，James，andCharles。AndshouldtheworkofevangelisingIndiabethusslowandsilentlyprogressive，which，however，consideringtheageoftheworld，isnotperhapsverylikely，stillthegrandresultwillamplyrecompenseus，andyou，forallourtoils。Wearesuretotakethefortress，ifwecanbutpersuadeourselvestositdownlongenoughbeforeit。\'Weshallreapifwefaintnot。\'

"Andthen，verydearbrethren，whenitshallbesaidoftheseatofourlabours，theinfamousswinging-postisnolongererected；thewidowburnsnomoreonthefuneralpile；theobscenedancesandsongsareseenandheardnomore；thegodsarethrowntothemolesandtothebats，andJesusisknownastheGodofthewholeland；

thepoorHindoogoesnomoretotheGangestobewashedfromhisfilthiness，buttothefountainopenedforsinanduncleanness；thetemplesareforsaken；thecrowdssay，\'LetusgouptothehouseoftheLord，andHeshallteachusofHisways，andwewillwalkinHisstatutes；\'theanxiousHindoosnomoreconsumetheirproperty，theirstrength，andtheirlives，invainpilgrimages，buttheycomeatoncetoHimwhocansaveto\'theuttermost\'；thesickandthedyingarenomoredraggedtotheGanges，butlooktotheLambofGod，andcommittheirsoulsintoHisfaithfulhands；thechildren，nomoresacrificedtoidols，arebecome\'theseedoftheLord，thatHemaybeglorified\'；thepublicmoralsareimproved；thelanguageofCanaanislearnt；benevolentsocietiesareformed；civilisationandsalvationwalkarminarmtogether；thedesertblossoms；theearthyieldsherincrease；angelsandglorifiedspiritshoverwithjoyoverIndia，andcarrytenthousandmessagesoflovefromtheLambinthemidstofthethrone；andredeemedsoulsfromthedifferentvillages，towns，andcitiesofthisimmensecountry，constantlyaddtothenumber，andswellthechorusoftheredeemed，\'UntoHimthatlovedus，andwashedusfromoursinsinHisownblood，untoHIMbetheglory；\'——whenthisgrandresultofthelaboursofGod\'sservantsinIndiashallberealised，shallwethenthinkthatwehavelabouredinvain，andspentourstrengthfornought？Surelynot。

Well，thedecreeisgoneforth！\'MywordshallprosperinthethingwhereuntoIsentit。\'"

Indiawasbeingpreparedforthenewmissionarypolicy。OnwhatwemaycallitsliterarysideCareyhadbeenlongbusy。Onitsmorestrictlyeducationalside，thecharterof1813hadconcededwhathadbeendemandedinvainbyatoofeeblepublicopinioninthecharterof1793。Aclausewasinsertedatthelastmomentdeclaringthatasumofnotlessthanalakhofrupees(ortenthousandpounds)ayearwastobesetapartfromthesurplusrevenues，andappliedtotherevivalandimprovementofliteratureandtheencouragementofthelearnednativesofIndia，andfortheintroductionandpromotionofaknowledgeofthesciencesamongtheinhabitantsoftheBritishterritoriesthere。TheclausewaspromptedbyanAnglo-Indianoforientaltastes，whohopedthattheBrahmanandhisVedamightthusbemadetoostrongfortheChristianmissionaryandtheBibleasatlasttoleratedunderthe13thresolution。Forthisreason，andbecausethemoneywastobepaidonlyoutofanysurplus，thedirectorsandtheirfriendsofferednoopposition。Forthequarterofacenturythegrantwasgiven，andwasappliedinthespiritofitsproposer。ButthescandalsofitsapplicationbecamesuchthatitwasmadelegallybyBentinckandMacaulay，andpracticallybyDuff，thefountainofariverofknowledgeandlifewhichisfloodingtheEast。

Thefirstresultoftheliberalismofthecharterof1813andthegenerousviewsofLordHastingswastheestablishmentinCalcuttabytheHindoosthemselves，undertheinfluenceofEnglishsecularists，oftheHindoo，nowthePresidencyCollege。CareyandMarshmanwerenotinCalcutta，otherwisetheymusthaverealisedeventhenwhattheylefttoDufftoactonfourteenyearsafter，theimportanceofEnglishnotonlyasaneducatingbutasaChristianisinginstrument。

Butthoughnotsowelladaptedtotheimmediateneedofthereformationwhichtheyhadbegun，andthoughnotappliedtotheveryheartofBengalinCalcutta，theprospectusoftheir"CollegefortheInstructionofAsiatic，Christian，andOtherYouthinEasternLiteratureandEuropeanScience，"whichtheypublishedonthe15thJuly1818，sketchedamoreperfectandcompletesystemthananysinceattempted，ifweexceptJohnWilson\'salmostunsupportedeffortinBombay。ItembracedtheclassicalorlearnedlanguagesoftheHindoosandMohammedans，SanskritandArabic；theEnglishlanguageandliterature，toenabletheseniorstudents"todiveintothedeepestrecessesofEuropeanscience，andenrichtheirownlanguagewithitschoicesttreasures"；thepreparationofmanualsofscience，philosophy，andhistoryinthelearnedandvernacularlanguagesoftheEast；anormaldepartmenttotrainnativeteachersandprofessors；asthecrownofall，atheologicalinstitutetoequiptheEurasianandnativeChristianstudents，byaquiteunsectariancourseofstudy，inapologetics，exegetics，andtheBiblelanguages，tobemissionariestotheBrahmanicalclasses。

WhiletheGovernmentandtheScottishmissionarieshaveintheuniversityandgrantinaidsystemssincefollowedtooexclusivelytheEnglishline，happilysupplantingtheextremeOrientalists，itisthegloryoftheSeramporeBrotherhoodthattheysoughttoapplyboththeOrientalandtheEuropean，theoneastheform，theotherasthesubstance，soastoevangeliseandcivilisethepeoplethroughtheirmothertongue。TheyweretheVernacularistsinthefamouscontroversybetweentheOrientalistsandtheAnglicistsraisedbyDuff。In1867thepresentwriterinvainattemptedtoinducetheUniversityofCalcuttatofollowtheminthis。ItwaslefttoSirCharlesAitchison，whenhewieldedthepowerandtheinfluenceoftheLieutenant-Governor，todoin1882whattheSeramporeCollegewouldhaveaccomplishedhaditsfoundersbeenyounginsteadofoldmen，byestablishingthePunjabUniversity。

LordHastingsandevenSirJohnMalcolmtookapersonalinterestintheSeramporeCollege。Thelatter，whohadvisitedthemissionariessincehistimidevidencebeforetheHouseofLordsin1813，wrotetothem：——"IwishIcouldbecertainthatyoursuccessorsintheserioustaskyouproposewouldhaveasmuchexperienceasyouandyourfellow-labourersatSerampore——thattheywouldwalk，notrun，inthesamepath——Iwouldnotthenhavetostateonereserve。"LordHastingsinCouncilpassedanorderencouragingtheestablishmentofaEuropeanMedicalProfessorshipinSeramporeCollege，andengagedtoassistinmeetingthepermanentexpenseofthechairwhenestablished。HisExcellency"interruptedpressingavocations"tocriticiseboththearchitecturalplanofthebuildingandthephraseologyofthedraftofthefirstreport，andhissuggestionswerefollowed。AdoptingoneoftheGrecianordersasmostsuitabletoatropicalclimate，theDanishGovernor\'scolleague，MajorWickedie，plannedthenobleIonicbuildingwhichwasthen，andisstill，thefinestedificeofthekindinBritishIndia。

"Thecentrebuilding，intendedforthepublicrooms，wasahundredandthirtyfeetinlength，andahundredandtwentyindepth。Thehallonthegroundfloor，supportedonarches，andterminatedatthesouthbyabow，wasninety-fivefeetinlength，sixty-sixinbreadth，andtwentyinheight。Itwasoriginallyintendedforthelibrary，butisnowoccupiedbytheclasses。Thehallabove，ofthesamedimensionsandtwenty-sixfeetinheight，wassupportedbytworowsofIoniccolumns；itwasintendedfortheannualexaminations。

Ofthetwelveside-roomsaboveandbelow，eightwereofspaciousdimensions，twenty-sevenfeetbythirty-five。Theporticowhichfrontedtheriverwascomposedofsixcolumns，morethanfourfeetindiameteratthebase。Thestaircase-roomwasninetyfeetinlength，twenty-seveninwidth，andforty-seveninheight，withtwostaircasesofcast-iron，oflargesizeandelegantform，preparedatBirmingham。Thespaciousgroundsweresurroundedwithironrailing，andthefrontentrancewasadornedwithanoblegate，likewisecastatBirmingham……

"Thescaleonwhichitwasproposedtoestablishthecollege，andtowhichthesizeofthebuildingwasnecessarilyaccommodated，correspondedwiththebreadthofalltheotherenterprisesoftheSeramporemissionaries，——themission，thetranslations，andtheschools。WhileMr。WardwasengagedinmakingcollectionsforthesupportoftheinstitutioninEngland，hewrotetohisbrethren，\'thebuildingsyoumustraiseinIndia；\'andtheydeterminedtorespondtothecall，and，ifpossible，toaugmenttheirdonationfrom？500to？000，andtomakeavigorousefforttoerectthebuildingsfromtheirownfunds。Neithertheungeneroussuspicion，northechargeofunfaithfulness，withwhichtheircharacterwasassailedinEngland，wasallowedtoslackentheprosecutionofthisplan。ItwaswhiletheirreputationwasunderaneclipseinEngland，andthebenevolenthesitatedtosubscribetothesocietytilltheywereassuredthattheirdonationswouldnotbemixedupwiththefundsofthemenatSerampore，thatthosemenwereengagedinerectinganobleedificeforthepromotionofreligionandknowledge，attheirowncost，theexpenseofwhicheventuallygrewundertheirhandstothesumof？5，000。Tothechargeofendeavouringtoalienatefromthesocietypremisesofthevalueof？000，theirowngift，theyrepliedbyerectingabuildingatfivetimesthecost，andvestingitineleventrustees，——sevenbesidesthemselves。Itwasthustheyvindicatedthepurityoftheirmotivesintheirdifferenceswiththesociety，andendeavouredtosilencethevoiceofcalumny。TheywerethefirstwhomaintainedthatacollegewasanindispensableappendagetoanIndianmission。"

ThenexttofollowCareyinthiswasBishopMiddleton，whoraisedfundstoerectachasteGothicpilebesidetheBotanicGarden，sincetohimthetimeappeared"tohavearrivedwhenitisdesirablethatsomemissionaryendeavours，atleast，shouldhavesomeconnectionwiththeChurchestablishment。"Thatcollegenolongerexists，inspiteofthesaintlyscholarshipofsuchPrincipalsasMillandKay；

thebuildingisnowutilisedasaGovernmentengineeringcollege。

ButinCalcuttatheDuffCollege，withtheGeneralAssembly\'sInstitution(nowunitedastheScottishChurchesCollege)，theCathedralMissionDivinitySchool，andtheBhowaniporeInstitution；

inBombaytheWilsonCollege，inMadrastheChristianCollege，inNagpoortheHislopCollege，inAgraSt。John\'sCollege，inLahoretheChurchMissionDivinitySchool，inLucknowtheReidCollege，andothers，bearwitnesstothefruitfulnessoftheAlmaMaterofSerampore。

TheSeramporeCollegebeganwiththirty-sevenstudents，ofwhomnineteenwerenativeChristiansandtherestHindoos。Whenthebuildingwasoccupiedin1821Careywrotetohisson：——"IpraythattheblessingofGodmayattendit，andthatitmaybethemeansofpreparingmanyforanimportantsituationintheChurchofGod……TheKingofDenmarkhaswrittenletterssignedwithhisownhandtoBrothersWard，Marshman，andmyself，andhassenteachofusagoldmedalasatokenofhisapprobation。HehasalsomadeoverthehouseinwhichMajorWickedieresides，betweenSarkies\'shouseandours，tousthreeinperpetuityforthecollege。ThusDivinegenerosityappearsforusandsuppliesourexpectations。"ThemissionarieshaddeclinedtheOrderoftheDannebrog。When，in1826，Dr。MarshmanvisitedEurope，oneofhisfirstdutieswastoacknowledgethisgifttoCountMoltke，DanishMinisterinLondonandancestorofthegreatstrategist，andtoaskforaroyalcharter。

TheMinisterandCountSchulin，whosewifehadbeenawarmfriendofMrs。Carey，happenedtobeonboardthesteamerinwhichDr。

Marshman，accompaniedbyChristopherAnderson，sailedtoCopenhagen。

Raske，theOrientalist，whohadvisitedSerampore，wasaProfessorintheUniversitythere。Thevellumcharterwaspreparedamongthem，empoweringtheCollegeCouncil，consistingoftheGovernorofSeramporeandtheBrotherhood，toconferdegreeslikethoseoftheUniversitiesofCopenhagenandKiel，butnotcarryingtherankintheStateimpliedinDanishdegreesunlesswiththesanctionoftheCrown。TheKing，intheaudiencewhichhegave，informedDr。

Marshmanthat，havingin1801promisedthemissionprotection，hehadhithertorefusedtotransferSeramporetotheEastIndiaCompany，sincethatwouldpreventhimfromkeepinghisword。When，in1845，theCompanypurchasedbothTranquebarandSerampore，itcouldbenolongerdangeroustotheChristianMission，buttheTreatyexpresslyprovidedthattheCollegeshouldretainallitspowers，anditsChristiancharacter，undertheDanishcharter，whichitdoes。Itwasthustheearliestdegree-conferringcollegeinAsia，butithasneverexercisedthepower。ChristianVIII。，thentheheirtothethrone，showedparticularinterestintheBibletranslationworkofCarey。When，in1884，theEvangelicalAlliancehelditssessioninCopenhagen，andwasreceivedbyChristianIX。，28

itdidwell，byspecialresolution，toexpressthegratitudeofProtestantChristendomtoDenmarkforsuchcourageousandcontinuedservicestothefirstChristianmissionfromEnglandtoIndia。

HowDr。CareyvaluedthegiftoftheKingisseeninthiswriting，ontheliningofthecaseofthegoldmedal，dated6thNovember1823：——

"Itismydesirethatthismedal，andtheletteroftheKingofDenmark，whichaccompaniedit，begivenatmydeathtomydearsonJonathan，thathemaykeepitformysake。"

TheletterofKingFredericVI。isasfollows：——

"MONSIEURLEDOCTEURETPROFESSEURWILLIAMCAREY——

C\'estavecbeaucoupd\'int閞阾quenousavonsapprislem閞itequ\'enqualit？demembredirigeantdelaSoci閠？delaMission，vousavezacquis，ainsiquevosco-directeurs，etleseff鑤ssalutairesquevoslouablestravauxontproduitsetpartouto？votreinfluenceapuatteindre。Particulierementinform閟qu\'envotreditequalit？vousavezcontribu？aeffectuerbiendeschosesutiles，dontl\'閠ablissement？Fr閐閞icsnagorea？selouer，etvoulantvouscertifierquenousvousenavonsgr？nousavonscharg？lechefdudit閠ablissement，——notreLieutenant-ColonelKraefting，devousremettrecettelettre；etenm阭etempsunemedailled\'or，commeunemarquedenotrebienveillanceetdenotreprotection，quevousassureratoujoursuneconduitemeritoire。

"SurcenousprionsDieudevousavoirdansSasainteetdignegarde——Votreaffectionn？FREDERIC。

"Copenhague，ce7Juin1820。

"AuDocteuretProfesseurWILLIAMCAREY，MembredirigeantdelaSoci閠？delaMission？Fr閐閞icsnagore。"

ThenewCollegeformedanadditionalattractiontovisitorstothemission。Oneofthese，in1821，wastheMaharajaSerfojee，theprinceofTanjore，whomSchwartzhadtended，butwhowasonpilgrimagetoBenares。HandinhandwithDr。Careyhewalkedthroughthemissionaryworkshop，noticedspeciallythepunditswhowerebusywithtranslationtowhichLordHastingshaddirectedhisattention，anddilatedwithaffectionateenthusiasmonthedeedsandthecharacteroftheapostleofSouthIndia。In1823cholerasuddenlycutoffMr。Wardinthemidstofhislabours。TheyearafterthatCharlesGrantdied，leavingalegacytothemission。

AlmosthislastacthadbeentowritetoCareyurginghimtopublishareplytotheattackoftheAbb？DuboisonallChristianmissions。AnotherfriendwasremovedinBentley，thescholarwhoputHindooastronomyinitsrightplace。BishopHeberbeganhistoobriefepiscopatein1824，whenthecollege，strengthenedbytheabilitiesoftheEdinburghprofessor，JohnMack，wasaccomplishingallthatitsfoundershadprojected。TheBishopofallgoodChristianmenneverpennedafinerproduction——notevenhishymns——thanthisletter，calledforthbyacopyoftheReportontheCollegesenttohimbyDr。Marshman：——

"IhaveseldomfeltmorepainfullythanwhilereadingyourappealonthesubjectofSeramporeCollege，theunhappydivisionsofthosewhoaretheservantsofthesameGreatMaster！WouldtoGod，myhonouredbrethren，thetimewerearrivedwhennotonlyinheartandhope，butvisibly，weshallbeonefold，aswellasunderoneshepherd！InthemeantimeIhavearrived，aftersomeseriousconsiderations，attheconclusionthatIshallserveourgreatcausemosteffectuallybydoingallwhichIcanfortherisinginstitutionsofthosewithwhommysentimentsagreeinallthings，ratherthanbyforwardingthelaboursofthosefromwhom，insomeimportantpoints，Iamconscientiouslyconstrainedtodiffer。Afterall，whydowediffer？Surelytheleadingpointswhichkeepusasunderarecapableofexplanationorofsoftening，andIamexpressingmyselfinmuchsincerityofheart——(though，perhaps，accordingtothecustomsoftheworld，Iamtakingtoogreatafreedomwithmenmysuperiorsbothinageandintalent)，thatI

shouldthinkmyselfhappytobepermittedtoexplain，tothebestofmypower，thoseobjectionswhichkeepyouandyourbrethrendividedfromthatformofchurchgovernmentwhichIbelievetohavebeeninstitutedbytheapostles，andthatadmissionofinfantstotheGospelCovenantswhichseemtometobefoundedontheexpressionsandpracticeofChristhimself。IfIwerewritingthustoworldlymenIknowIshouldexposemyselftotheimputationofexcessivevanityorimpertinentintrusion。ButofyouandDr。CareyIamfarfromjudgingasofworldlymen，andIthereforesaythat，ifwearesparedtohaveanyfutureintercourse，itismydesire，ifyoupermit，todiscusswithbothofyou，inthespiritofmeeknessandconciliation，thepointswhichnowdivideus，convincedthat，ifareunionofourChurchescouldbeeffected，theharvestoftheheathenwoulderelongbereaped，andtheworkoftheLordwouldadvanceamongthemwithacelerityofwhichwehavenownoexperience。

"Itrust，atallevents，youwilltakethishastynoteasitisintended，andbelieveme，withmuchsincerity，yourfriendandservantinChrist，REGINALDCALCUTTA。

"3rdJune1824。"

ThisishowCareyreciprocatedthesesentiments，whenwritingtoDr。

Ryland：——

"SERAMPORE，6thJuly1824。

"Irejoicetosaythatthereistheutmostharmonybetweenalltheministersofalldenominations。BishopHeberisamanofliberalprinciplesandcatholicspirit。Soonafterhisarrivalinthecountryhewrotemeaveryfriendlyletter，expressinghiswishtomaintainallthefriendshipwithuswhichourrespectivecircumstanceswouldallow。Iwasthenconfined，butBrotherMarshmancalledonhim。AssoonasIcouldwalkwithoutcrutchesI

didthesame，andhadmuchfreeconversationwithhim。Sometimeafterthishewroteusaveryfriendlyletter，sayingthatitwouldhighlygratifyhimtomeetBrotherMarshmanandmyself，anddiscussinafriendlymannerallthepointsofdifferencebetweenhimselfandus，addingthattherewaseveryreasontoexpectmuchgoodfromacalmandtemperatediscussionofthesethings，andthat，ifwecouldatanyratecomesoneartoeachotherastoacttogether，hethoughtitwouldhaveagreatereffectuponthespreadofthegospelamongtheheathenthanwecouldcalculateupon。Hewasthenjustsettingoutonavisitationwhichwillinallprobabilitytakeayear。We，however，wrotehimareplyacceptinghisproposal，andBrotherMarshmanexpressedawishthatthediscussionmightbecarriedonbyletter，towhichinhisreplyhepartlyconsented。I

havesuchadisinclinationtowriting，andsolittleleisureforit，thatIwishedthediscussiontobevivavoce；itwill，however，makelittledifference，andallIshouldhavetosaywouldbeintroducedintotheletter。"

OnthedeathofMr。WardanddepartureofDr。MarshmanforGreatBritainonfurlough，aftertwenty-sixyears\'activelabours，hisson，Mr。JohnMarshman，wasformallytakenintotheBrotherhood。HeunitedwithDr。CareyinwritingtotheCommitteetwoletters，dated21stJanuary1826and15thNovember1827，whichshowtheprogressofthecollegeandthemissionfromthefirstasoneindependentagency，andclosedwithCarey\'sappealtothejudgmentofposterity。

"AboutsevenyearsagowefeltconvincedofthenecessityoferectingaCollegefornativeChristianyouth，inordertoconsolidateourplansforthespreadofgospeltruthinIndia；and，aswedespairedofbeingabletoraisefrompublicsubscriptionsasumequaltotheexpenseofthebuildings，wedeterminedtoerectthemfromourownprivatefunds。Uptothepresentdatetheyhavecostusnearly？4，000，andthecompletionofthemwillrequireafurthersumofabout？000，which，ifwearenotenabledtoadvancefromourownpurse，theundertakingmustremainincomplete。Withthisburdenuponourprivatefundswefinditimpossibleanylongertomeet，tothesameextentasformerly，thedemandsofourout-stations。Thetimeisnowarrivedwhentheymustceasetobewhollydependentontheprivatedonationsofthreeindividuals，andmustbeplacedonthestrengthofpubliccontributions。Astwooutofthreeofthemembersofourbodyarenowbeyondtheageoffifty-seven，itbecomesourdutytoplacethemonamorepermanentfooting，asitregardstheirmanagement，theirsupport，andtheirincrease。Wehavethereforeassociatedwithourselves，inthesuperintendenceofthem，theRev。Messrs。MackandSwan，thetwopresentprofessorsofthecollege，withtheviewofeventuallyleavingthementirelyinthehandsofthebodyofprofessors，ofwhomtheconstitutionofthecollegeprovidesthatthereshallbeanunbrokensuccession。

"TosecureanincreaseofmissionariesinEuropeanhabitswehaveformedaclassoftheologicalstudentsinthecollege，undertheDivinityProfessor。Itcontainsatpresentsixpromisingyouths，ofwhosepietywehaveinsomecasesundoubtedevidence，inothersconsiderablegroundforhope。Theclasswillshortlybeincreasedtotwelve，butnonewillbecontinuedinitwhodonotmanifestundeniablepietyanddevotednesstothecauseofmissions。Asweproposetoalloweachstudenttoremainonanaveragefouryears，wemaycalculateupontheacquisitionoftwo，andperhapsthree，additionallabourersannually，whowillbeeminentlyfittedforactiveserviceinthecauseofmissionsbytheirnaturalfamiliaritywiththelanguageandtheiracquisitionsatcollege。Thisarrangementwill，wetrust，securethespeedyaccomplishmentoftheplanwehavelongcherished，thatofplacingonemissionaryineachprovinceinBengal，andeventually，ifmeansbeafforded，inHindostan。

"Asthecompletionofthebuildingsrequiresnopubliccontribution，thesoleexpenseleftonthegenerosityofitsfriendsisthatofitsexistingestablishment。OursubscriptionsinIndia，withwhatwereceiveastheinterestofmoneyraisedinBritainandAmerica，average？000annually；about？00morefromEnglandwouldcovereverycharge，andsecuretheefficiencyoftheinstitution。Norshallwerequirethisaidbeyondalimitedperiod。

"OfthethreeobjectsconnectedwiththeCollege，theeducationofnon-residentheathenstudents，theeducationofresidentChristianstudents，andthepreparationofmissionariesfromthoseborninthecountry，thefirstisnotstrictlyamissionaryobject，thetwolatterareintimatelyconnectedwiththeprogressofthegoodcause。

ThepreparationofmissionariesinthecountrywasnotsomuchrecommendedasenforcedbythegreatexpensewhichattendsthedespatchofmissionariesfromEurope。Thatthenumberoflabourersinthiscountrymustbegreatlyaugmented，beforetheworkofevangelisingtheheathencanbesaidtohaveeffectivelycommenced，canadmitofnodoubt。

"TheeducationoftheincreasingbodyofNativeChristianslikewise，necessarilybecameamatterofanxiety。Nothingcouldbemoredistressingthantheprospectoftheirbeingmorebackwardinmentalpursuitsthantheirheathenneighbours。TheplantingofthegospelinIndiaisnotlikelytobeaccomplishedbytheexertionsofafewmissionariesinsolitaryandbarrenspotsinthecountry，withouttheaidofsomewell-digestedplanwhichmayconsolidatethemissionaryenterprise，andprovideforthementalandreligiouscultivationoftheconverts。IfthebodyofnativeChristiansrequiredaneducationalsystem，nativeministers，whomustgraduallytakethespiritualconductofthatbody，demandedpre-eminentattention。Theyrequireaknowledgeoftheingenioussystemtheywillhavetocombat，oftheschemeofChristiantheologytheyaretoteach，andafamiliaritywiththelightsofmodernscience。WecannotdischargethedutyweoweasChristianstoIndia，withoutsomeplanforcombiningintheconvertsofthenewreligion，andmoreespeciallyinitsministers，thehighestmoralrefinementoftheChristiancharacter，andthehighestattainableprogressinthepursuitsofthemind。

"Duringthelasttenyearsofentireindependencethemissionarycausehasreceivedfromtheproductofourlabour，intheerectionofthecollegebuildings，inthesupportofstationsandschools，andintheprintingoftracts，muchmorethan？3，000。Theunceasingcalumnywithwhichwehavebeenassailed，forwhathasbeencalled\'ourdeclarationofindependence\'(which，bythebye，Mr。Fullerapprovedofourissuingalmostwithhisdyingbreath)，itisbeneathustonotice，butithasfullyconvincedusoftheproprietyofthestep。Thiscalumnyissounreasonablethatweconfidentlyappealfromthedecisionofthepresentagetothejudgmentofposterity。"

UnderCarey，asProfessorofDivinityandLectureronBotanyandZoology，MackandJohnMarshman，withpunditsandmoulavies，thecollegegrewinpublicfavour，evenduringDr。Marshman\'sabsence，whileMrs。Marshmancontinuedtoconductthegirls\'schoolandsuperintendnativefemaleeducationwithavigorousenthusiasmwhichadvancingyearsdidnotabateandmisrepresentationinEnglandonlyfed。ThedifficultiesinwhichCareyfoundhimselfhadthehappyresultofforcinghimintothepositionofbeingthefirsttoestablishpracticallytheprincipleoftheGrantinAidsystem。HadhisNonconformistsuccessorsfollowedhiminthis，withthesamebreadthofviewandcleardistinctionbetweenthedutyofaidingtheseculareducation，whilegivingabsolutelibertytothespiritual，thesplendidlegacywhichhelefttoIndiawouldhavebeenbothperpetuatedandextended。Asitis，itwaslefttohisyoungcolleague，JohnMarshman，andtoDr。Duff，toinduceParliament，bythecharterof1853，andthefirstLordHalifaxintheEducationalDespatchof1854，tosanctionthesystemofnationaleducationforthemultifariousclassesandracesofourIndiansubjects，underwhichsecularinstructionisaidedbythestateonimpartialtermsaccordingtoitsefficiency，andChristianitydelightstotakeitsplace，unfetteredandcertainofvictory，withtheBrahmanicalandaboriginalcultsofeverykind。

In1826Carey，findingthathisfavouriteBenevolentInstitutioninCalcuttawasgettingintodebt，andrequiredrepair，appliedtoGovernmentforaid。HehadpreviouslyjoinedtheMarchionessofHastingsinfoundingtheCalcuttaSchoolBookandSchoolSociety，andhadthusbeenrelievedofsomeoftheschools。Governmentatoncepaidthedebt，repairedthebuilding，andcontinuedtogiveanannualgrantof？40formanyyears。JohnMarshmandidnotthinkitnecessary，"todefendDr。Careyfromthechargeoftreasontotheprinciplesofdissentinhavingthussolicitedandacceptedaidfromthestateforaneducationalestablishment；therepudiationofthataidisamodernadditiontothoseprinciples。"Hetellsusthat"whenconversationhappenedtoturnuponthissubjectatSerampore，hisfatherwaswonttoexcuseanywarmthwhichhiscolleaguemightexhibitbythehumorousremarkthatrenegadesalwaysfoughthardest。

Therewasonequestiononwhichthethreewereequallystrenuous——thatitwasasmuchthedutyofGovernmenttosupporteducationastoabstainfrompatronisingmissions。"

Aletterwrittenin1818tohissonWilliam，thenoneofthemissionaries，showswithwhatjealouseconomythefounderofthegreatmodernenterprisemanagedtheearlyundertakings。

"MYDEARWILLIAM——Yoursofthe3rdinstantIhavereceived，andmustsaythatithasfilledmewithdistress。Idonotknowwhattheallowanceof200rupeesincludes，norhowmuchisallottedforparticularthings；butitappearsthatRs。142：2isexpendeduponyourprivateexpenses，viz。，78：2ontableexpenses，and64onservants。NowneitherLawsonnorEustacehavemorethan140rupeesfortheirallowance，separatefromhouserent，forwhich80rupeeseachisallowed，andIbelieveallthebrethrenareonthat，oralowerallowance，BrotherYatesexcepted，whochoosesforhimself。I

cannotthereforemakeanapplicationformorewithanyface。Indeedwehavenopowertoaddordiminishsalaries，thoughtheSocietywouldagreetoourdoingsoifweshowedgoodreasonsforit。I

believetheallowancesofthemissionariesfromtheLondonSocietyareaboutthesame，orratherless——viz。？00sterling，or132

rupeesamonth，besidesextraexpenses；sothatyourincome，takingitat140rupeesamonth，isquiteequaltothatofanyothermissionary。ImayalsomentionthatneitherEustacenorLawsoncandowithoutabuggy，whichisnotasmallexpense。

"Isupposethetwoarticlesyouhavementionedoftableexpensesandservantsincludeanumberofotherthings；otherwiseIcannotimaginehowyoucangotothatexpense。WhenIwasatMudnabatimyincomewas200permonth，andduringthetimeIstayedthereIhadsavednear2000rupees。Mytableexpensesscarcelyeveramountedto50rupees，andthoughIkeptamoonshiat20rupeesandfourgardeners，yetmyservants\'wagesdidnotexceed60rupeesmonthly。

Ikeptahorseandafarmyard，andyetmyexpensesborenoproportiontoyours。Imerelymentionthiswithoutanyreflectiononyou，orevenawishtodoit；butIsincerelythinkyourexpensesuponthesetwoarticlesareverygreater——Iamyouraffectionatefather，W。CAREY。"

In1825CareycompletedhisgreatDictionaryofBengaliandEnglishinthreequartovolumes，abridgedtwoyearsafterwards。Nolanguage，noteveninEurope，couldshowaworkofsuchindustry，erudition，andphilologicalcompletenessatthattime。ProfessorH。

H。Wilsondeclaredthatitmusteverberegardedasastandardauthority，especiallybecauseofitsetymologicalreferencestotheSanskrit，whichsuppliesmorethanthree-fourthsofthewords；itsfullandcorrectvocabularyoflocalterms，withwhichtheauthor\'s"longdomesticationamongstthenatives"madehimfamiliar，andhisuniqueknowledgeofallnaturalhistoryterms。ThefirstcopywhichissuedfromthepresshesenttoDr。Ryland，whohadpassedawayatseventy-two，amonthbeforethefollowingletterwaswritten：——

"June7th，1825——Onthe17thofAugustnextIshallbesixty-fouryearsofage；andthoughIfeeltheenervatinginfluenceoftheclimate，andhavelostsomethingofmybodilyactivity，Ilabourasclosely，andperhapsmoresothanIhaveeverdonebefore。MyBengaliDictionaryisfinishedatpress。Iintendtosendyouacopyofitbyfirstopportunity，whichIrequestyoutoacceptasatokenofmyunshakenfriendshiptoyou。Iamnowobliged，inmyowndefence，toabridgeit，andtodoitasquicklyaspossible，topreventanotherpersonfromforestallingmeandrunningawaywiththeprofits。

"OnLord\'sdayIpreachedafuneralsermonatCalcuttaforoneofourdeacons，whodiedveryhappily；administeredtheLords\'Supper，andpreachedagainintheevening。Itwasadreadfullyhotday，andIwasmuchexhausted。Yesterdaytherainsetin，andtheairissomewhatcooled。ItisstilluncertainwhetherBrothersJudsonandPriceareliving。TherewasareportinthenewspaperthattheywereontheirwaytomeetSirArchibaldCampbellwithproposalsofpeacefromtheBurmanking；butnofoundationforthereportcanbetracedout。Livingordeadtheyaresecure。"

OnhearingofthedeathofDr。Ryland，hewrote：——"TherearenowinEnglandveryfewministerswithwhomIwasacquainted。Fuller，Sutcliff，Pearce，Fawcett，andRyland，besidesmanyotherswhomI

knew，aregonetoglory。Myfamilyconnectionsalso，thoseexceptedwhowerechildrenwhenIleftEngland，orhavesincethattimebeenborn，areallgone，twosistersonlyexcepted。WhereverIlookinEnglandIseeavastblank；andwereIevertorevisitthatdearcountryIshouldhaveanentirelynewsetoffriendshipstoform。

I，however，neverintendedtoreturntoEnglandwhenIleftit，andunlesssomethingveryunexpectedweretotakeplaceIcertainlyshallnotdoit。IamfullyconvincedIshouldmeetwithmanywhowouldshowmetheutmostkindnessintheirpower，butmyheartisweddedtoIndia，andthoughIamoflittleuseIfeelapleasureindoingthelittleIcan，andaveryhighinterestinthespiritualgoodofthisvastcountry，bywhoseinstrumentalitysoeveritispromoted。"

By1829thedivinityfacultyoftheCollegehadbecomesovaluableanurseryofEurasianandNativemissionaries，andtheimportanceofattractingmoreofthenewgenerationofeducatedHindooswithinitsinfluencehadbecomesoapparentthatOrientalgaveplacetoEnglishliteratureinthecurriculum。Mr。Rowe，asEnglishtutor，tookhisplaceinthestaffbesideDr。Carey，Dr。Marshman，Mr。Mack，andMr。

JohnMarshman。Hundredsofnativeyouthsflockedtotheclasses。

Suchwasthefaith，suchthezealofCarey，thathecontinuedtoaddnewmissionstothetenofwhichtheCollegewasthelife-givingcentre；sothatwhenhewastakenawayhelefteighteen，underelevenEuropean，thirteenEurasian，seventeenBengali，twoHindostani，oneTelugoo，andsixArakanesemissionaries。WhenMr。

DavidScott，formerlyastudentofhisowninFortWilliamCollege，andin1828CommissionerofAssam(thenrecentlyannexedtotheempire)，askedforamissionary，Carey\'simportunityprevailedwithhiscolleaguesonlywhenheboundhimselftopayhalfthecostbystintinghispersonalexpenditure。SimilarlyitwasthegenerousactionofMr。Garrett，whenjudgeofBarisal，thatledhimtosendthebestofhisSeramporestudentstofoundthatafterwardsfamousmission。

HavingtranslatedtheGospelsintothelanguageoftheKhasiasintheAssamhills，hedeterminedin1832toopenanewmissionatthevillageofCherra，whichtheSeramporeBrotherhoodwerethefirsttouseasasanitariuminthehotseason。Forthishegaveup？0ofhisGovernmentpensionandMr。Garrettgaveasimilarsum。Hesentanotherofhisstudents，Mr。Lisk，tofoundthemission，whichprospereduntilitwastransferredtotheWelshCalvinists，whohavemadeitthecentreofextensiveandsuccessfuloperations。ThustheinfluenceofhismiddleageandoldageintheCollegesofFortWilliamandofSeramporecombinedtomakethemissionarypatriarchthefatheroftwobands——thatoftheSocietyandthatoftheBrotherhood。

Dr。Carey\'slastreport，atthecloseof1832，wasadefenceofwhathassincebeencalled，andoutsideofIndiaandofScotlandhastoooftenbeenmisunderstoodas，educationalmissionsorChristianColleges。ToapurelydivinitycollegeforAsiaticChristianshepreferredadivinityfacultyaspartofanArtsandScienceCollege，29inwhichtheconvertsstudysidebysidewiththeirinquiringcountrymen，theinquirersareinfluencedbythemaswellasbytheChristianteachingandsecularteachinginaChristianspirit，andtheBibleconsecratesthewhole。TheUnitedFreeChurchofScotlandhas，alikeinIndia，ChinaandAfrica，provedthewisdom，thebreadth，andthespiritualadvantageofCarey\'spolicy。

WhentheSocietyopposedhim，scholarslikeMackfromEdinburghandLeechmanfromGlasgowrejoicedtoworkouthisPaul-likeconception。

Whennotonlyhe，butDr。Marshman，hadpassedawayMackbravelyheldaloftthebannertheybequeathed，tillhisdeathin1846。ThenJohnMarshman，whoin1835hadbeguntheFriendofIndiaasaweeklypapertoaidtheCollege，transferredthemissiontotheSocietyunderthelearnedW。H。Denham。Whenin1854anewgenerationoftheEnglishBaptistsacceptedtheCollegealsoastheirown，itreceivedaPrincipalworthytosucceedthegiantsofthosedays，theRev。JohnTrafford，M。A。，astudentofFoster\'sandofGlasgowUniversity。Fortwenty-sixyearshecarriedouttheprinciplesofCarey。OnhisretirementtheCollegeassuchwassuspendedintheyear1883，andinthesamebuildingapurelynativeChristianTrainingInstitutiontookitsplace。There，however，themanyvisitorsfromChristendomstillfoundthelibraryandmuseum；theBibles，grammars，anddictionaries；thenaturalhistorycollections，andtheOrientalMSS。；theDanishCharter，thehistoricportraits，andtheBritishTreaty；aswellasthenativeChristianclasses——allofwhichre-echoWilliamCarey\'sappealtoposterity。

CHAPTERXV

CAREY\'SCHRISTIANUNIVERSITYFORTHEPEOPLEOFINDIA

TheDanishcharter——TheBritishtreaty——GrowthofnativeChristiancommunity——LordMinto\'sconcessionofself-governingprivileges——MadrasDecennialConferenceandSeramporedegrees——ProposedreorganisationofCollegesoastoteachandexamineforB。D。andotherdegrees——AppealforendowmentsofCarey\'sChristianUniversityAttentionhasalreadybeendirectedtothefar-seeingplanswhichCareylaiddownforSeramporeCollege。Itisapleasuretorecordthatwhilethisvolumeisinthepress(1909)，aschemeisbeingpromotedbytheCollegeCouncilforthereorganisationoftheCollegeonthelinesofCarey\'sideal，withaviewtomakingitacentreofhigherministerialtrainingforallbranchesoftheIndianChurch。

Itwillberememberedthatin1827theCollegereceivedfromFriedrichVI。aRoyalCharter，empoweringittoconferdegrees，andgivingtoitalltherightswhicharepossessedbyWesternUniversities。UnderTreatydatedthe6thOctober，1845，theKingofDenmarkagreedtotransfertotheGovernor-GeneralofIndia，LordHardinge，G。C。B。，forthesumof？25，000，thetownsofTranquebar，FrederiksnagoreorSerampore，30andtheoldfactorysiteatBalasore。Article6ofthistreatyprovidesthat"therightsandimmunitiesgrantedtotheSeramporeCollegebyRoyalCharter，ofdate23rdofFebruary，1827，shallnotbeinterferedwith，butcontinueinforceinthesamemannerasiftheyhadbeenobtainedbyaCharterfromtheBritishGovernment，subjecttotheGeneralLawofBritishIndia。"31

Forlackofanendowmentsufficienttomaintaintheteachingstaffrequired，andtoestablishthenecessaryscholarships，theCollegehasneverbeenfullydevelopedonUniversitylines。Since1883ithasbeenusedasatrainingInstitutionforpreachersandteachersfortheBengalfieldoftheBaptistMissionarySociety。MeanwhileinthecenturysinceCarey\'sstatesman-likeidealwassketched，undertheprovidenceofGodtherehavebeentwonotabledevelopmentsintheconditionsofIndianlife——(1)theeducatedChristiannativesofIndia，fromCapeComorintoPeshawar，havegrown，andcontinuetogrow，innumbers，incharacter，andininfluence，witharapiditypronouncedmarvellousbytheofficialreportoftheCensusof1901；

(2)thethreehundredmillionsofthepeoplesofIndiahave，bythefrankconcessionoftheEarlofMintoandhisadvisers，andthesanctionofViscountMorleyandParliament，receivedavirtualconstitution，whichrecognisestheirfitnessforself-governingrightsunderthebenevolentruleofKingEdwardVII。andhisViceroyinCouncil。Christianity，andtheleavenofthemorereallyeducatedChristiannatives，willalonemoraliseandloyalisethepeoplesofIndia，andpreparefuturegenerationsforahealthyindependence，materialandpolitical。

Astheyhavewatchedthelinesalongwhichthesedevelopmentshaveproceeded，theleadersofthemissionaryenterprisehavebecomemoreandmoreconvincedthattherealisationofCarey\'sidealhasbeentoolongdelayed，andthattheinfluenceoftheChristiancommunityonthegreatmovementsofIndianthoughthassufferedinconsequence。Inparticular，whiletheneedforhighly-equippedIndianpreachers，evangelistsandleaders，isfarmoreurgentnoweventhanitwasinCarey\'sday，themostexperiencedmissionariesofallsocietiesarefarfromsatisfiedwiththepresentleveloftheologicaleducationintheIndianChurch。Theyareconvincedthatthetimehascometoreorganisethewholesystemofministerialtraining，andtosecureforthestudyofChristianTheologyinIndiathatacademicrecognitionwhichithasenjoyedforcenturiesinWesternlands。SincetheBritishGovernmentispledgedtoneutralityinreligiousmatters，itisunabletosanctiontheestablishmentofDivinityfaculties，inanyoftheStateUniversities，HencetheDecennialMissionaryConference，representingalltheProtestantMissionarySocietiesworkinginIndia，meetinginMadrasinDecember1902，appointedaCommittee"toconferwiththeCounciloftheSeramporeCollege，throughtheCommitteeoftheLondonBaptistMissionarySociety，toascertainwhethertheyarepreparedtodelegatethedegree-conferringpowersoftheCharterofthatCollegetoaSenateorFaculty，representativeofthevariousProtestantChristianChurchesandSocietiesworkinginIndia。"

TheCollegeCouncil(ofwhichMeredithTownsend，Esq。，isMaster，andAlfredHenryBaynes，Esq。，F。R。G。S。，isSecretary)，hastakenthisrequestintocarefulconsideration，andafterbeingassuredbythehighestlegalopinionthattheCharterisstillvalid，hasresolvedtodoeverythinginitspowertocarryoutthesuggestionsoftheDecennialConference。Theyrealise，however，thatifthedegree-conferringpowersoftheCharteraretobeused，theCollegeitselfmustberaisedtothehigheststandardofefficiencyasaTeachingInstitution，anditspermanencemustbeguaranteedbyanadequateendowment。

TheCouncilhasfeltthattheattainmentofthesetwoobjectsispossibleonlythroughaunionoftheforcesofthevariousProtestantChristianChurchesworkinginIndia。Theresulthasbeentheadoptionofawiseandcatholicprojectofreorganisation，underwhichitishopedthatSeramporewillbecomeagreatinterdenominationalCollegeofUniversityrank，givingatheologicaltraininguptothestandardoftheLondonB。D。，conferringitsowndivinitydegrees，andmaintaininganArtsandSciencedepartment，forthepresentatleastaffiliatedtotheCalcuttaUniversity。ItisjustlyclaimedthatsuchaChristianUniversityatSeramporewillbothunifyandraisethestandardoftheologicaleducationintheIndianChurch，helpingtobuildtheEasternstructureofChristianthoughtandlifeontheoneFoundationofJesusChrist，theWordofGod。

TheschemewhichtheCouncilhassanctionedcontemplatesthepermanentendowmentoftherequisiteprofessorshipsandscholarships。TheCollegebuildingwillprovidesufficientclass-roomaccommodation，butitwillbenecessarytosecureadditionalland，andtoerecthousesforthestaffandhostelsforthestudents。Animmediateendowmentof？50，000isaimedatwithaviewofestablishingawell-equippedtheologicalfaculty，withapreliminarydepartmentinArtsandSciences。TheCouncil，however，isnotwithouthopethatinduetimeCarey\'snoblevisionofagreatChristianUniversityatSeramporeconferringitsowndegrees，notonlyintheologybutinallbranchesofusefullearning，maypowerfullyappealtosomeofthemerchantprincesoftheWest。Itisestimatedthatthesumof？，000，000wouldberequiredforthisequipmentandendowmentoftheUniversityonthislargerscale。ThegreatmissionaryChurchesandSocietieslookfavourablyontheproposal，initiatedbytheirownmissionaries，toco-operatewithCarey\'smoreimmediaterepresentativesinrealisingandapplyinghisidealwhichisboundtoexpandandgrowasIndiabecomesChristianised。

ThemembersoftheCollegeCouncilmaintainthat，inviewoftheworld-wideinfluenceofthemodernmissionarymovement，inauguratedbyWilliamCarey，amovementthathasbeensobeneficialbothtotheChurchathomeandtonon-Christiannations，thereisnoinstitutionthathasgreaterhistoricalandspiritualclaimsuponmodernphilanthropythanSerampore，andtheybelievethattherearelargenumbersofmenandwomeninGreatBritain，America，IndiaandotherlandswhowillconsideritasacredprivilegetohavetheirnamesinscribedwiththoseofCarey，MarshmanandWardonthewallsofSeramporeCollegeasitssecondfounders。

TheCouncilisdoingallwithinitspowertoreorganisetheCollegeonthebroadestpossiblebasis，believingthataninstitutionwithsuchinspiringtraditionsandassociationsshouldbeutilisedintheinterests，notmerelyofonedenomination，butofthewholeChurchinIndiaandthenation。Uptothepresent，theCouncil，thoughlegallyanentirelyindependentbody，hasworkedintheclosestassociationwiththeBaptistMissionarySociety\'sCommittee。ButnowwiththefullestsympathybothoftheBaptistMissionariesonthefieldandtheCommitteeinEngland，itisalsoinvitingtheco-operationofallevangelicalChristianbodiesintheworkofSeramporeCollege。ItispreparedtowelcomeasfullprofessorsoftheCollege，inArtsandTheology，representativesofotherevangelicalmissions，whoshallhavespecialsuperintendenceofthestudentsbelongingtotheirrespectivedenominations，andbefreetogivethemsuchsupplementaryinstructionasmaybethoughtnecessary。AllprofessorswithoutdistinctionofdenominationwillshareequallyinthelocalmanagementoftheaffairsoftheCollege。

Thefinalauthoritymust，inaccordancewiththeCharter，remaininthehandsoftheCollegeCouncil，butinordertoadmitoftheduerepresentationupontheCouncilofthevariousevangelicalbodieswhichmayco-operate，thepresentmembersofCouncilhave，withtheheartyconcurrenceoftheBaptistMissionarySociety\'sCommittee，approvedthesuggestionthatapplicationshouldbemadetotheIndianLegislatureforpowerstoenlargeitsmembership。

TheHonorarySecretaryoftheCollegeCouncil，A。H。Baynes，Esq。，19FurnivalStreet，London，E。C。，willbegladtosupplyfurtherinformation，ortoreceivecontributionstowardstheFundfortheendowmentandequipmentoftheCollege。

InviewoftheconditionsatpresentexistinginIndia，thisappealshouldbeofinterestnotonlytofriendsofChristianmissions，buttophilanthropistsgenerally，foraChristianUniversity，conductedonthebroadandcatholicprincipleslaiddownbyCarey，supplementarybutinnowayantagonistictotheexistingUniversities，willbeamosteffectiveinstrumentforpermeatingthepoliticalandsocialidealsoftheyouthofIndiawiththespiritofChrist。Thisisamatterthatdeeplyconcerns，notonlytheMissionary，butalsothestatesman，themerchant，andalltruefriendsofIndiaofwhateverraceorcreed。

InalltheromanceofChristianMissions，fromIonatoCanterbury，thereisnomoreevidentexampleoftheworkingoftheSpiritofGodwiththeChurch，thanthecallofCareyandthefoundationofSeramporeCollegeunderDanishCharterandBritishtreaty，makingittheonlyUniversitywithfullpowerstoenablethewholeReformedChurchinIndiatoworkoutitsowntheologicalsystemandChristianlife。

CHAPTERXVI

CAREY\'SLASTDAYS

1830-1834

Thecollegeandmissionstrippedofalltheirfunds——Failureofthesixfirmsforsixteenmillions——Carey\'sofficialincomereducedfrom？560to？00——HisThoughtsandAppealpublishedinEngland——Hisvigouratseventy——LastrevisionoftheBengaliBible——FinaleditionoftheBengaliNewTestament——CareyrejoicesinthereformsofLordWilliamBentinck\'sGovernment——Intheemancipationoftheslaves——Careysketchedbyhisyoungercontemporaries——HislatestlettersandlastmessagetoChristendom——VisitsofLadyWilliamBentinckandBishopDanielWilson——Marshman\'saffectionandpromiseastothegarden——TheEnglishmailbringsgladnewsafortnightbeforehisdeath——HislastSabbath——Hedies——Isburied——Histombamonghisconverts——Hiswill——TheIndianpressonhispovertyanddisinterestedness——Dr。MarshmanandMack，ChristopherAndersonandJohnWilsonofBombayonhischaracter——Hisinfluencestillasthefounderofmissions——Dr。CoxandRobertHallonCareyasaman——Scotland\'sestimateofthefatheroftheEvangelicalRevivalanditsforeignmissions。

ThelastdaysofWilliamCareywerethebest。Hissunwentdowninallthesplendourofaglowingfaithandaburningself-sacrifice。

NotinthepenuryofHackletonandMoulton，notinthehardshipsofCalcuttaandtheSoondarbans，notinthefeversoftheswampsofDinapoor，notintheapprehensionstwiceexcitedbyofficialintolerance，notinthemostbittersorrowofall——thesixteenyears\'persecutionbyEnglishbrethrenafterFuller\'sdeath，hadthefatherofmodernmissionsbeensotriedasintheyears1830-1833。

Blowsucceededblow，butonlythatthefinegoldofhistrust，hishumility，andhislovemightbeseentobethepurer。

TheSeramporeCollegeandMissionlostallthefundsithadinIndia。By1830thefinancialrevolutionwhichhadlaidmanyhouseslowinEuropefiveyearsbefore，begantotelluponthemerchantprincesofCalcutta。Thesixfirms，whichhaddevelopedthetradeofNorthernIndiasofarastheCompany\'smonopoliesallowed，hadbeenthebankersoftheGovernmentitself，ofstateslikeHaidarabad，andofallthecivilandmilitaryofficials，andhadenrichedasuccessionofpartnersforhalfacentury，fellonebyone——fellforsixteenmillionssterlingamongthem。PalmerandCo。

wasthegreatest；thehouseatonetimeplayedalargepartinthehistoryofIndia，andinthedebatesandpapersofParliament。Mr。

JohnPalmer，apersonalfriendoftheSeramporemen，hadadvancedthemmoneyattenpercent。fouryearspreviously，whentheSociety\'smisrepresentationhaddoneitsworst。ThechildrenintheEurasianschools，whichDr。andMrs。Marshmanconductedwithsuchprofittothemission，dependedchieflyonfundsdepositedwiththisfirm。Itsuddenlyfailedformorethantwomillionssterling。

Althoughthecatastropheexposedtherottennessofthesystemofcreditonwhichcommerceandbankingwereatthattimeconducted，intheabsenceofafreepressandanintelligentpublicopinion，thealarmsoonsubsided，andonlythemorebusinessfelltotheotherfirms。Buttheyear1833hadhardlyopenedwhenfirstthehouseofAlexanderandCo。，thenthatofMackintoshandCo。，andthenthethreeothers，collapsedwithoutwarning。TheEnglishinIndia，officialsandmerchants，werereducedtouniversalpoverty。CapitaldisappearedandcreditceasedattheverytimethatParliamentwasabouttocompletethepartialconcessionoffreedomoftrademadebythecharterof1813，bygrantingallCareyhadarguedfor，andallowingEuropeanstoholdland。

ThefundsinvestedforJessorandDelhi；thelegacyofFernandez，Carey\'sfirstconvertandmissionary；hisowntenthswithwhichhesupportedthreeagedrelativesinEngland；thepropertyofthepartnerofhisthirdmarriage，onwhomthemoneywassettled，andwhosurvivedhimbyayear；thelittlepossessedbyDr。Marshman，whohadpaidallhisexpensesinEnglandevenwhileworkingfortheSociety——allwassweptaway。Notonlywasthesmallbalanceinhandtowardsmeetingthecollegeandmissionexpendituregone，butitwasimpossibletoborrowevenforashorttime。AgainoneofDr。

Carey\'soldcivilianstudentscametotherescue。Mr。Garrett，grandsonofRobertRaikeswhofirstbeganSundayschools，pledgedhisowncreditwiththeBankofBengal，untilSamuelHopeofLiverpool，treasureroftheSeramporeMissionthere，couldbecommunicatedwith。Meanwhilethequestionofgivingupanyofthestationsorshuttingthecollegewasnotoncefavoured。"IhaveseenthetearsrundownthefaceofthevenerableDr。Careyatthethoughtofsuchacalamity，"wroteLeechman；"wereittoarriveweshouldsoonhavetolayhiminhisgrave。"WhentheinterestofthefundsraisedbyWardinAmericaceasedforatimebecauseofthemaliciousreportfromEnglandthatitmightbeappliedbyDr。

Marshmantothepurposesoffamilyaggrandisement，CareyrepliedinaspiritlikethatofPaulunderasimilarcharge："Dr。MarshmanisaspoorasIam，andIcanscarcelylaybyasummonthlytorelievethreeorfourindigentrelativesinEurope。Imighthavehadlargepossessions，butIhavegivenmyall，exceptwhatIate，drank，andwore，tothecauseofmissions，andDr。Marshmanhasdonethesame，andsodidMr。Ward。"

Carey\'strustinGod，forthemissionandforhimself，wastobestillfurthertried。On12thJuly1828wefindhimthuswritingfromCalcuttatoJabez：——"IcamedownthismorningtoattendLordW。

Bentinck\'sfirstlev閑。Itwasnumerouslyattended，andIhadthepleasureofseeingthereagreatnumberofgentlemenwhohadformerlystudiedunderme，andforwhomIfeltaverysincereregard。IhearLadyBentinckisapiouswoman，buthavenotyetseenher。Ihaveacardtoattendatherdrawing-roomthisevening，butIshallnotgo，asImustbeathomefortheSabbath，whichisto-morrow。"ItsoonfelltoLordWilliamBentincktomeetthefinancialconsequencesofhisweakpredecessor\'sadministration。

TheCollegeofFortWilliamhadtobesacrificed。MetcalfeandBayley，Carey\'soldstudentswhomhehadpermanentlyinfluencedinthehigherlife，werethemembersofcouncil，andheappealedtothem。TheysenthimtothegoodGovernor-General，towhosesympathyhelaidbareallthepastandpresentofthemission\'sfinance。Hewastoldtohavenofear，andindeedtheCouncilheldalongsittingonthisonematter。ButfromJune1830thecollegeceasedtobeateaching，andbecameanexaminingbody。Whenthesalarywasreducedone-half，fromRs。1000amonth，theBrotherhoodmettoprayforlightandstrength。Mr。Robinson，theJavamissionarywhohadattachedhimselftoSerampore，andwhosesonlongdidgoodserviceasaBengalischolarandpreacher，givesusthisglimpseofitsinnerlifeatthistime：——

"Thetwooldmenweredissolvedintearswhiletheywereengagedinprayer，andDr。Marshmaninparticularcouldnotgiveexpressionstohisfeelings。Itwasindeedaffectingtoseethesegoodoldmen，thefathersofthemission，entreatingwithtearsthatGodwouldnotforsakethemnowgreyhairswerecomeuponthem，butthatHewouldsilencethetongueofcalumny，andfurnishthemwiththemeansofcarryingonHisowncause。"

TheysenthomeanappealtoEngland，andCareyhimselfpublishedwhatisperhapsthemostchivalrous，just，andweightyofallhisutterancesonthedisagreeablesubject——ThoughtsupontheDiscussionswhichhavearisenfromtheSeparationbetweentheBaptistMissionarySocietyandtheSeramporeMissions。"Fromourageandothercircumstancesourcontributionsmaysooncease。WehaveseenagreatworkwroughtinIndia，andmuchofit，eitherdirectlyorindirectly，hasbeendonebyourselves。Icannot，Ioughtnottobeindifferentaboutthepermanencyofthiswork，andcannotthereforeviewtheexultationexpressedattheprospectofourresourcesbeingcrippledotherwisethanbeingofacharactertoosatanictobelongpersistedinbyanymanwhohastheloveofGodinhisheart。"

TheappealtoallChristiansfor"afewhundredpoundsperannum"

forthemissionstationclosedthus："ButafewyearshavepassedawaysincetheProtestantworldwasawakenedtomissionaryeffort。

Sincethattimetheannualrevenuescollectedforthisobjecthavegrowntothethenunthought-ofsumof？00，000。Andisitunreasonabletoexpectthatsomeunnoticeableportionofthisshouldbeintrustedtohimwhowasamongstthefirsttomoveinthisenterpriseandtohiscolleagues？"TheBrotherhoodhadhardlydespatchedthisappealtoEnglandwiththesentence，"Ourpresentincomesevenareuncertain，"whentheshearsoffinancialreductioncutoffDr。Carey\'sofficeofBengalitranslatortoGovernment，whichforeightyearshadyieldedhimRs。300amonth。Butsuchwashisfaiththisfinalstrokecalledforthonlyanexpressionofregretthathemustreducehiscontributionstothemissionarycausebysomuch。Hewasawondertohiscolleagues，whowroteofhim：

"Thoughthusreducedinhiscircumstancesthegoodman，abouttoenteronhisseventiethyear，isascheerfulandashappyasthedayislong。Heridesoutfourorfivemileseverymorning，returninghomebysunrise；goesonwiththeworkoftranslationdaybyday；

givestwolecturesondivinityandoneonnaturalhistoryeveryweekinthecollege，andtakeshisturnofpreachingbothinBengaliandinEnglish。"

WhentheChristianpublicrespondedheartilytohisappealCareywasloudandfrequentinhisexpressionsofgratitudetoGod，who，"inthetimeofourgreatextremity，appearedandstirredupHispeoplethuswillinglytooffertheirsubstanceforHiscause。"Withrespecttomyself，Iconsidermyraceasnearlyrun。Thedaysofouryearsarethreescoreyearsandten，andIamnowonlythreemonthsshortofthatage，andrepeatedbiliousattackshaveweakenedmyconstitution。ButIdonotlookforwardtodeathwithanypainfulanticipations。IcastmyselfonandpleadtheefficacyofthatatonementwhichwillnotfailmewhenIneedit。"

Dr。Marshmangivesusabrighterpictureofhim。"ImetwithveryfewfriendsinEnglandintheirseventiethyearsolively，asfreefromtheinfirmitiesofage，sointerestinginthepulpit，socompletelyconversibleasheisnow。"Thereasonisfoundinthefactthathewasstilluseful，stillbusyattheworkhelovedmostofall。HecompletedhislastrevisionoftheentireBibleinBengali——thefiftheditionoftheOldTestamentandtheeightheditionoftheNew——inJune1832。Immediatelythereafter，whenpresidingattheordinationofMr。Mackasco-pastorwithDr。

MarshmanandhimselfoverthechurchatSerampore，hetookwithhimintothepulpitthefirstcopyofthesacredvolumewhichcamefromthebinder\'shands，andaddressedtheconvertsandtheirchildrenfromthewordsofSimeon——"LordnowlettestThouThyservantdepartinpeace，formineeyeshaveseenThysalvation。"AsthemonthswentonhecarriedthroughthepressstillanotherandimprovededitionoftheNewTestament，andonlythenhefeltandoftensaidthattheworkofhisheartwasdone。

HehadothersourcesofsaintlypleasureashelaymeditatingontheWord，andpraisingGodforHisgoodnesstothecollegeandthemissionstationsincreasedtonineteenbyyoungSirHenryHavelock，whofoundedthechurchatAgra。LordWilliamBentinck，havingbegunhisreignwiththeabolitionofthecrimeofsuttee，was，withthehelpofCarey\'soldstudents，steadilycarryingouttheotherreformsforwhichinallhisIndiancareerthemissionaryhadprayedandpreachedandpublished。Thejudicialservicewasreorganisedsoastoincludenativejudges。TheuncovenantedcivilservicewasopenedtoallBritishsubjectsofeverycreed。ThefirstactofjusticetonativeChristianswasthusdone，sothathewroteofthecollege：——"ThestudentsarenoweligibletoeverylegalappointmentinIndiawhichanativecanhold；thosewhomaypossessnolovefortheChristianministryhavetheprospectofaprofitableprofessionasadvocatesinthejudicialcourts，andthehopeofrisingtopostsofhonourabledistinctionintheirnativeland。"TheHindoolawofinheritancewhichtheRegulatingActofParliamenthadsocoveredthatitwasusedtodepriveconvertstoChristianityofallcivilrights，wasdealtwithsofarasalocalregulationcoulddoso，andCarey，advisedbysuchanauthorityasHarington，laiditonhissuccessorintheapostolate，theyoungAlexanderDuff，tocarrytheactofjusticeoutfully，whichwasdoneundertheMarquisofDalhousie。TheordersdrawnupbyCharlesGrant\'ssonsatlast，inFebruary1833，freedGreatBritainfromresponsibilityfortheconnectionoftheEastIndiaCompanywithTempleandmosqueendowmentsandthepilgrimtax。

HissonJonathanwrotethisofhimtwoyearsafterhisdeath：——

"Inprinciplemyfatherwasresoluteandfirm，nevershrinkingfromavowingandmaintaininghissentiments。Hehadconscientiousscruplesagainsttakinganoath；andcondemnedseverelythemannerinwhichoathswereadministered，andurgedvehementlytheproprietyofaltogetherdispensingwiththem。Irememberthreeinstancesinwhichhetookaconspicuouspartinregardtooaths，suchaswascharacteristicoftheman。Ononeoccasion，whenarespectableHindooservantofthecollegeofFortWilliam，attachedtoDr。

Carey\'sdepartment，wasearlyonemorningproceedingtotheGangestobathe，heperceivedadeadbodylyingneartheroad；butitbeingdark，andnopersonbeingpresent，hepassedon，takingnofurthernoticeofthecircumstance。AshereturnedfromtheGangesaftersunrise，hesawacrowdnearthebody，andthenhappenedtosaytooneofthewatchmenpresentthatinthemorninghesawthebodyontheothersideoftheroad。Thewatchmantookhimincustody，asawitnessbeforethecoroner；but，whenbroughtbeforethecoroner，herefusedtotakeanoath，andwas，consequently，committedtoprisonforcontempt。TheHindoobeingarespectableperson，andneverhavingtakenanoath，refusedtotakeanynourishmentintheprison。

Inthisstatehecontinuedadayandahalf，myfatherbeingthenatSerampore；butuponhiscomingtoCalcutta，thecircumstanceswerementionedtohim。Thefactofthemanhavingrefusedtotakeanoathwasenoughtomakehiminteresthimselfinhisbehalf。Hewasdelightedwiththeresolutionthemantook——rathertogotoprisonthantakeanoath；andwasdeterminedtodoallhecouldtoprocurehisliberation。Hefirstappliedtothecoroner，butwasdirectedbyhimtothesheriff。Tothatfunctionaryheproceeded，butwasinformedbyhimthathecouldmakenoorderonthesubject。

Hethenhadaninterviewwiththethenchiefjudge，bywhoseinterferencethemanwassetatliberty。

"Anotherinstancerelatestohimpersonally。Ontheoccasionofhislastmarriage，thedaywasfixedonwhichtheceremonywastotakeplace——friendswereinvited——andallnecessaryarrangementsmade；

but，threeorfourdayspriortothedayfixed，hewasinformedthatitwouldbenecessaryforhimtoobtainalicence，indoingwhich，hemusteithertakeanoathorhavebannspublished。Totakinganoathheatonceobjected，andappliedtothethenseniorjudge，whoinformedhimthat，ashewasnotaquaker，hisoathwasindispensable；but，ratherthantakeanoath，heappliedtohavethebannspublished，andpostponedthearrangementsforhismarriageforanotherthreeweeks。

"Thethirdinstancewasasfollows：——Itwasnecessary，inacertaincase，toproveawillincourt，inwhichthenameofDr。Careywasmentioned，inconnectionwiththeSeramporemissionariesasexecutors。Anapplicationwasmadebyoneofhiscolleagues，whichwasrefusedbythecourt，onaccountofthevaguenessoftheterms，\'Seramporemissionaries；\'butasDr。Carey\'snamewasspecificallymentioned，thecourtintimatedthattheywouldgranttheapplicationifmadebyhim。Thecommunicationwasmade：butwhenhewasinformedthatanoathwasnecessary，heshrunkwithabhorrencefromtheidea；butaftermuchpersuasion，heconsentedtomaketheapplication，iftakinganoathwouldbedispensedwith。Hedidattend，andstatedhisobjectionstothethenchiefjudge，whichbeingallowed，hisaffirmationwasreceivedandrecordedbythecourt。

"ThedutiesconnectedwiththeCollegeofFortWilliamaffordedhimachangeofscene，whichrelievedhismind，andgavehimopportunitiesoftakingexercise，andconducedmuchtohishealth。

Duringtheseveralyearsheheldthesituationofprofessortothecollege，noconsiderationwouldallowhimtoneglecthisattendance；

andthoughhehadtoencounterboisterousweatherincrossingtheriveratunseasonablehours，hewaspunctualinhisattendance，andneverappliedforleaveofabsence。Andwhenhewasqualifiedbytherulesoftheservicetoretireonahandsomepension，hepreferredbeingactivelyemployedinpromotingtheinterestsofthecollege，andremained，assiduouslydischarginghisduties，tillhisdepartmentwasabolishedbyGovernment。ThebusinessofthecollegerequiringhisattendanceinCalcutta，hebecamesohabituatedtohisjourneystoandfro，thatathisagehepainfullyfelttheretirementhewassubjectedtowhenhisofficeceased。Afterthiscircumstancehishealthrapidlydeclined；andthoughheoccasionallyvisitedCalcutta，hecomplainedofextremedebility。Thisincreaseddaily，andmadehimaconstantsufferer；untilatlengthhewasnotabletoleavehishouse。"

NorwasitinIndiaalonethatthevenerablesaintfoundsuchcausesofsatisfaction。HelivedlongenoughtothankGodfortheemancipationoftheslavesbytheEnglishpeople，forwhichhehadprayeddailyforfiftyyears。

WehavemanysketchesoftheFatherofEnglishMissionsinhislateryearsbyyoungcontemporarieswho，ontheirfirstarrivalinBengal，soughthimout。In1824Mr。Leslie，anEdinburghstudent，whobecameinIndiathefirstofBaptistpreachers，andwasthemeansoftheconversionofHenryHavelockwhomarriedDr。Marshman\'syoungestdaughter，wrotethusofCareyafterthethirdgreatillnessofhisIndianlife：——

"Dr。Carey，whohasbeenveryill，isquiterecovered，andbidsfairtolivemanyyears；andasforDr。Marshman，hehasneverknownill-healthis，duringthewholeperiodofhisresidenceinIndia。

Theyarebothactivetoadegreewhichyouwouldthinkimpossibleinsuchacountry。Dr。Careyisaveryequableandcheerfuloldman，incountenanceveryliketheengravingofhimwithhispundit，thoughnotsorobustasheappearstobethere。NexttohistranslationsBotanyishisgrandstudy。HehascollectedeveryplantandtreeinhisgardenthatwillpossiblygrowinIndia，andissoscientificwithalthathecallseverythingbyitsclassicalname。If，therefore，IshouldatanytimeblunderoutthewordGeranium，hewouldsayPelargonium，andperhapsaccusemeofignorance，orblamemeforvulgarity。WehadthepleasureofhearinghimpreachfromRom。vii。13，whenhegaveusanexcellentsermon。Inmannerheisveryanimated，andinstyleverymethodical。Indeedhecarriesmethodintoeverythinghedoes；

classificationishisgrandhobby，andwhereveranythingcanbeclassified，thereyoufindDr。Carey；notonlydoesheclassifyandarrangetherootsofplantsandwords，butvisithisdwellingandyoufindhehasfittedupandclassifiedshelvesfullofminerals，stones，shells，etc。，andcagesfullofbirds。Heisofveryeasyaccess，andgreatfamiliarity。Hisattachmentsarestrong，andextendnotmerelytopersonsbutplaces。Aboutayearago，somuchofthehouseinwhichhehadlivedeversincehehadbeenatSerampore，felldownsothathehadtoleaveit，atwhichheweptbitterly。Onemorningatbreakfast，hewasrelatingtousananecdoteofthegenerosityofthelateexcellentJohnThornton，attheremembranceofwhomthebigtearfilledhiseye。Thoughitisanaffectingsighttoseethevenerablemanweep；yetitisasightwhichgreatlyinterestsyou，asthereisamanlinessinhistears——somethingfarremovedfromthecryingofachild。"

Thehouseinwhichforthelasttenyearshelived，andwherehedied，wastheonlyoneoftwoorthree，plannedforthenewprofessorsofthecollege，thatwascompleted。Comparedwiththeadjoiningcollegeitwaserectedwithsuchseveresimplicitythatitwassaidtohavebeendesignedforangelsratherthanformen。

Carey\'sroomandlibrarylookedtowardstheriverwiththebreadthofthecollegegardenbetween。Ontheotherside，intheupperverandah，inthemorningheworkedathisdeskalmosttothelast，andintheeveningtowardssunsethetalkedwithhisvisitors。In1826theLondonMissionarySocietysentouttoCalcuttathefirstofitsdeputations。Dr。Careysenthisboatforthem，andintheabsenceofherhusbandinEngland，Mrs。Marshmanentertainedtheguests。Theywrote：——

"WefoundDr。Careyinhisstudy，andwewerebothpleasedandstruckwithhisprimitive，andwemaysay，apostolicalappearance。

Heisshortofstature，hishairwhite，hiscountenanceequallyblandandbenevolentinfeatureandexpression。TwoHindoomenweresittingby，engagedinpaintingsomesmallsubjectsinnaturalhistory，ofwhichthedoctor，amanofpuretasteandhighlyintellectualcastoffeeling，irrespectiveofhismorelearnedpursuits，hasachoicecollection，bothinspecimensandpictorialrepresentations。Botanyisafavouritestudywithhim，andhisgardeniscuriouslyenrichedwithrarities。"

OfallthevisitspaidtoCareynonearenowsointerestingtothehistorianoftheChurchofIndia，asthoseoftheyouthwhosucceededhimashehadsucceededSchwartz。AlexanderDuffwastwenty-fouryearsofagewhen，in1830，fullofhesitationastocarryingouthisownplansinoppositiontotheexperienceofallthemissionarieshehadconsulted，hereceivedfromCareyalonethemostearnestencouragementtopursueinCalcuttatheChristiancollegepolicysowellbeguninthelesscentralsettlementofSerampore。Wehaveelsewhere32toldthestory：——

"LandingatthecollegeghautoneswelteringJulyday，thestillruddyhighlanderstrodeuptotheflightofstepsthatleadstothefinestmodernbuildinginAsia。Turningtotheleft，hesoughtthestudyofCareyinthehouse——\'builtforangels，\'saidone，sosimpleisit——wherethegreatestofmissionaryscholarswasstillworkingforIndia。Therehebeheldwhatseemedtobealittleyellowoldmaninawhitejacket，whotottereduptothevisitorofwhomhehadalreadyoftenheard，andwithoutstretchedhandssolemnlyblessedhim。Acontemporarysoonafterwrotethusofthechildlikesaint——

"\'Thou\'rtinourheart——withtressesthinandgrey，AndeyethatknewtheBookofLifesowell，Andbrowserene，asthouwertwonttostrayAmidstthyflowers——likeAdamerehefell。\'

"Theresultoftheconferencewasadoubleblessing；forCareycouldspeakwiththeinfluenceatonceofascholarwhohadcreatedthebestcollegeatthattimeinthecountry，andofavernacularistwhohadpreachedtothepeopleforhalfacentury。TheyoungScotsmanlefthispresencewiththeapprovaloftheoneauthoritywhoseopinionwasbestworthhaving……

"AmongthosewhovisitedhiminhislastillnesswasAlexanderDuff，theScotsmissionary。Ononeofthelastoccasionsonwhichhesawhim——ifnottheverylast——hespentsometimetalkingchieflyaboutCarey\'smissionarylife，tillatlengththedyingmanwhispered，Pray。Duffkneltdownandprayed，andthensaidGood-bye。Ashepassedfromtheroom，hethoughtheheardafeeblevoicepronouncinghisname，and，turning，hefoundthathewasrecalled。Hesteppedbackaccordingly，andthisiswhatheheard，spokenwithagracioussolemnity：\'Mr。Duff，youhavebeenspeakingaboutDr。Carey，Dr。

Carey；WhenIamgone，saynothingaboutDr。Carey——speakaboutDr。

Carey\'sSaviour。\'Duffwentawayrebukedandawed，withalessoninhisheartthatheneverforgot。"33

Whenwithhisoldfriendshedweltmuchonthepast。WritingofMay1832，Dr。Marshmanmentioned："IspentanhouratteawithdearBrotherCareylastnight，nowseventyandninemonths。Hewasinthemostcomfortablestateofhealth，talkingoverhisfirstfeelingsrespectingIndiaandtheheathen，andthemannerinwhichGodkeptthemalive，whenevenFullercouldnotyetenterintothem，andgoodoldJohnRyland(thedoctor\'sfather)denouncedthemasunscriptural。Hadthesefeelingsdiedaway，inwhatadifferentstatemightIndianowhavebeen！"InSeptemberofthatyear，whenburyingMrs。Ward，heseemed，inhisaddressatthegrave，tolongforrenewedintercoursewiththefriendswhohadprecededhiminenteringintothejoyoftheLord。