第4章

RemovedfromtheruralobscurityofaBengalivillage，wherethecostofhousing，clothing，andlivingwassmall，toatownintheneighbourhoodofthecapitalmuchfrequentedbyEuropeans，Careyatonceadaptedthepracticaldetailsofhiscommunisticbrotherhoodtothenewcircumstances。WithsuchwisdomwasheaidedinthisbythebusinessexperienceofMarshmanandWard，thatasettlementwasformedwhichadmittedofeasydevelopmentincorrespondencewiththerapidgrowthofthemission。Atfirstthecommunityconsistedoftenadultsandninechildren。Granthadbeencarriedoffinafevercausedbythedampnessoftheirfirstquarters。ThepromisingBrunsdonwassoonafterremovedbylivercomplaintcaughtfromstandingonanunmattedfloorintheprinting-office。Fountain，whoatfirstcontinuedthemissionatDinapoor，soondiedthereahappydeath。ThomashadsettledatBeerbhoom，butjoinedtheSeramporebrethrenintimetodogoodthoughbriefservicebeforehetoowascutoff。But，fortunatelyasitprovedforthefuture，Careyhadtoarrangeforfivefamiliesatthefirst，andthisishowitwasdoneasdescribedbyWard：——

"Therentingofahouse，orhouses，wouldruinus。Wehopedthereforetohavebeenabletopurchaseland，andbuildmathousesuponit；butwecangetnoneproperlysituated。WehaveinconsequencepurchasedoftheGovernor\'snephewalargehouseinthemiddleofthetownforRs。6000，orabout？00；therentinfouryearswouldhaveamountedtothepurchase。Itconsistsofaspaciousverandah(portico)andhall，withtworoomsoneachside。

Rathermoretothefrontaretwootherroomsseparate，andononesideisastorehouse，separatealso，whichwillmakeaprinting-office。Itstandsbytheriver-sideuponaprettylargepieceofground，walledround，withagardenatthebottom，andinthemiddleafinetankorpoolofwater。Thepricealarmedus，butwehadnoalternative；andwehopethiswillformacomfortablemissionarysettlement。BeingneartoCalcutta，itisoftheutmostimportancetoourschool，ourpress，andourconnectionwithEngland。"

"FromhencemaytheGospelissueandpervadeallIndia，"theywrotetoFuller。"Weintendtoteachaschool，andmakewhatwecanofourpress。Thepaperisallarrived，andthepress，withthetypes，etc。，complete。TheBibleiswhollytranslated，exceptafewchapters，sothatweintendtobeginprintingimmediately，firsttheNewandthentheOldTestament。Weloveourwork，andwilldoallwecantolightenyourexpenses。"

Thishouse-chapel，withtwoacresofgardenlandandseparateroomsoneitherside，continuedtill1875tobethenucleusofthesettlementafterwardscelebratedalloverSouthAsiaandChristendom。ThechapelisstillsacredtotheworshipofGod。Theseparateroomstotheleft，frontingtheHoogli，becameenlargedintothestatelyresidenceofMr。JohnMarshman，C。S。I。，andhistwosuccessorsintheFriendofIndia，whilebeyondwerethegirl\'sschool，nowremoved，theresidenceofDr。JoshuaMarshmanbeforehisdeath，andtheboys\'schoolpresentedtothemissionbytheKingofDenmark。Theseparateroomstotherightgrewintothepress；

fartherdowntheriverwasthehouseoftheLadyRumohrwhobecameCarey\'ssecondwife，withthegreatpaper-millbehind；and，stillfarther，thesecondparkinwhichtheSeramporeCollegewasbuilt，withtheprincipal\'shouseinwhichCareydied，andahostelfortheNativeChristianstudentsbehind。Thewholesettlementfinallyformedablockofatleastfiveacres，withalmostpalatialbuildings，ontherightbankoftheHoogli，which，withabreadthofhalfamilewheninflood，rollsbetweenitandtheGovernor-General\'ssummerhouseandEnglish-likeparkofBarrackpore。TheoriginaltwoacresbecameCarey\'sBotanicGarden；

thehouseshesurroundedandconnectedbymahoganytrees，whichgrewtobeofumbrageousbeauty。Hisfavouritepromenadebetweenthechapelandthemill，andultimatelythecollege，wasunderanavenueofhisownplanting，longknownas"Carey\'sWalk。"

Thenewcolleagueswhoweretolivewithhiminlovingbrotherhoodtilldeathremovedthelastin1837werenotlonginattractinghim。

Thetwowereworthytobeassociatedwithhim，andsoadmirablysupplementedhisowndeficienciesthatthebrotherhoodbecamethemostpotentandpermanentforceinIndia。HethuswrotetoFullerhisfirstimpressionsofthem，withalovingself-depreciation：——"BrotherWardistheverymanwewanted：heentersintotheworkwithhiswholesoul。Ihavemuchpleasureinhim，andexpectmuchfromhim。BrotherMarshmanisaprodigyofdiligenceandprudence，asisalsohiswifeinthelatter：learningthelanguageismereplaytohim；hehasalreadyacquiredasmuchasIdidindoublethetime。"Aftereightmonthsofstudyandevangelisingworktheyarethusdescribed：——"OurbrotherMarshman，whoisatruemissionary，isabletotalkalittle；hegoesoutfrequently，nayalmosteveryday，andassaultsthefortressofSatan。BrotherBrunsdoncantalkalittle，thoughnotlikeMarshman。BrotherWardisagreatprize；hedoesnotlearnthelanguagesoquickly，butheissoholy，sospiritualaman，andsousefulamongthechildren。"

ThusearlydidCareynotethevalueofHannahMarshman，thefirstwomanmissionarytoIndia。GranddaughteroftheBaptistministerofCrockertoninWiltshire，sheprovedtobeforforty-sixyearsatoncealovingwife，andtheequalofthethreemissionariesofChristandofcivilisationwhomsheaidedinthecommonhome，intheschools，inthecongregation，intheNativeChristianfamilies，andeven，atthatearlytime，inpurelyHindoocircles。Withoutherthemissionmusthavebeenone-sidedindeed。Itgivesusapatheticinteresttoturntoherhouseholdbooks，wherewefindenteredwithlovingcareandthoughtfulthriftallthedailydetailswhichatonceformavaluablecontributiontothehistoryofprices，andshowhowher"prudence"combinedwiththeheroicself-denialofalltomaketheSeramporemissionthelightofIndia。Ward\'sjournalsuppliesthisfirstsketchofthebrotherhood，whorealised，morethanprobablyanyinProtestant，Romanist，orGreekhagiology，thelifeoftheapostoliccommunityinJerusalem：——

"January18，1800——Thisweekwehaveadoptedasetofrulesforthegovernmentofthefamily。Allpreachandprayinturn；onesuperintendstheaffairsofthefamilyforamonth，andthenanother；brotherCareyistreasurer，andhastheregulationofthemedicinechest；brotherFountainislibrarian。Saturdayeveningisdevotedtoadjustingdifferences，andpledgingourselvestoloveoneanother。Oneofourresolutionsis，thatnooneofusdoengageinprivatetrade；butthatallbedoneforthebenefitofthemission……

"August1——Ourlaboursforeverydayarenowregularlyarranged。

Aboutsixo\'clockwerise；brotherCareytohisgarden；brotherMarshmantohisschoolatseven；brotherBrunsdon，Felix，andI，totheprinting-office。Ateightthebellringsforfamilyworship：weassembleinthehall；sing，read，andpray。Breakfast。Afterwards，brotherCareygoestothetranslation，orreadingproofs：brotherMarshmantoschool，andtheresttotheprinting-office。Ourcompositorhavingleftus，wedowithout：weprintthreehalf-sheetsof2000eachinaweek；havefivepressmen，onefolder，andonebinder。Attwelveo\'clockwetakealuncheon；thenmostofusshaveandbathe，readandsleepbeforedinner，whichwehaveatthree。

Afterdinnerwedeliverourthoughtsonatextorquestion：thiswefindtobeveryprofitable。BrotherandsisterMarshmankeeptheirschoolstillaftertwo。Intheafternoon，ifbusinessbedoneintheoffice，IreadandtrytotalkBengaliwiththebr鄊mh鄋。Wedrinkteaaboutseven，andhavelittleornosupper。WehaveBengalipreachingonceortwiceintheweek，andonThursdayeveningwehaveanexperiencemeeting。OnSaturdayeveningwemeettocomposedifferencesandtransactbusiness，afterprayer，whichisalwaysimmediatelyaftertea。Felixisveryusefulintheoffice；

Williamgoestoschool，andpartofthedaylearnstobind。WemeettwohoursbeforebreakfastonthefirstMondayinthemonth，andeachonepraysforthesalvationoftheBengalheathen。AtnightweuniteourprayersfortheuniversalspreadoftheGospel。"

The"FormofAgreement"whichregulatedthesocialeconomyandspiritualenterpriseofthebrotherhood，andalsoitslegalrelationstotheBaptistSocietyinEngland，deservesstudy，initsdivinedisinterestedness，itsloftyaims，anditskindlycommonsense。FullerhadpledgedtheSocietyin1798tosendout？60ayearforthejointfamilyofsixmissionaries，theirwives，andchildren。ThehouseandlandatSeramporecosttheSocietyRs。6000。

OnGrant\'sdeath，leavingawidowandtwochildren，thefivemissionariesmadethefirstvoluntaryagreement，which"providedthatnooneshouldtradeonhisownprivateaccount，andthattheproductoftheirlabourshouldformacommonfundtobeappliedatthewillofthemajority，tothesupportoftheirrespectivefamilies，ofthecauseofGodaroundthem，andofthewidowandfamilyofsuchasmightberemovedbydeath。"Thefirstyeartheschoolsandthepressenabledthebrotherhoodtobemorethanself-supporting。InthesecondyearCarey\'ssalaryfromtheCollegeofFort-William，andthegrowthoftheschoolsandpress，gavethemasurplusformissionextension。Theynotonlypaidfortheadditionaltwohousesandgroundrequiredbysuchextension，buttheypaidbacktotheSocietyallthatithadadvancedforthefirstpurchaseinthecourseofthenextsixyears。TheyacquiredallthepropertyfortheSeramporeMission，dulyinformingthehomeCommitteefromtimetotime，andtheyvestedthewholeright，uptoFuller\'sdeathin1815，intheSociety，"topreventthepremisesbeingsoldorbecomingprivatepropertyinthefamilies。"But"tosecuretheirownquietoccupationofthem，andenablethemtoleavetheminthehandsofsuchastheymightassociatewiththemselvesintheirwork，theydeclaredthemselvestrusteesinsteadofproprietors。"

Theagreementof1800wasexpandedintothe"FormofAgreement"of1805whenthespiritualsideofthemissionhadgrown。Theirownauthoritativestatement，asgivenabove，waslovinglyrecognisedbyFuller。In1817，andagainin1820，theclaimsofagedanddestituterelatives，andthedutyofeachbrothermakingprovisionforhisownwidowandorphans，and，occasionally，thecallsofpityandhumanity，ledthebrotherhoodtoagreethat"eachshallregularlydeductatenthofthenetproductofhislabourtoformafundinhisownhandsforthesepurposes。"Weknownothinginthehistoryofmissions，monasticorevangelical，whichatallapproachesthisinadministrativeperfectnessaswellisinChristlikeself-sacrifice。Itpreventssecularisationofspirit，stimulatesactivityofallkinds，givesfullscopetolocalabilityandexperience，callsforththemaximumoflocalsupportandpropagation，setsthechurchathomefreetoenterincessantlyonnewfields，providespermanenceaswellasvarietyofactionandadaptationtonewcircumstances，andbindsthewholeinaholybondofprayerfulco-operationandlovingbrotherhood。ThisAgreementworkedforseventeenyears，withasuccessinEnglandandIndiawhichweshalltrace，oraslongasFuller，Ryland，andSutclifflived"toholdtheropes，"whileCarey，Marshman，andWardexcavatedthemineofHindooism。

ThespiritualsideoftheAgreementwefindintheformwhichthethreedrewupin1805，tobereadpubliclyatalltheirstationsthriceeveryyear，ontheLord\'sDay。ItistheripefruitofthefirstelevenyearsofCarey\'sdailytoilandconsecratedgenius，aswrittenoutbytheferventpenofWard。InthelightofitthewholeofCarey\'slifemustberead。IntheseconcludingsentencesthewritersketchesCareyhimself：——"LetusoftenlookatBrainerdinthewoodsofAmerica，pouringouthisverysoulbeforeGodfortheperishingheathen，withoutwhosesalvationnothingcouldmakeyouhappy。Prayer，secret，fervent，believingprayer，liesattherootofallpersonalgodliness。Acompetentknowledgeofthelanguagescurrentwhereamissionarylives，amildandwinningtemper，andaheartgivenuptoGodinclosetreligion；these，thesearetheattainmentswhichmorethanallknowledgeorallothergifts，willfitustobecometheinstrumentsofGodinthegreatworkofhumanredemption。Finally，letusgiveourselvesunreservedlytothisgloriouscause。Letusneverthinkthatourtime，ourgifts，ourstrength，ourfamilies，oreventheclotheswewearareourown。

LetussanctifythemalltoGodandHiscause。Oh！thatHemaysanctifyusforHiswork。Letusforevershutouttheideaoflayingupacowrie(mite)forourselvesorourchildren。Ifwegiveuptheresolutionwhichwasformedonthesubjectofprivatetrade，whenwefirstunitedatSerampore，themissionisfromthathouralostcause。Letuscontinuallywatchagainstaworldlyspirit，andcultivateaChristianindifferencetowardseveryindulgence。RatherletusbearhardnessasgoodsoldiersofJesusChrist。Noprivatefamilyeverenjoyedagreaterportionofhappiness，eveninthemostprosperousgaleofworldlyprosperity，thanwehavedonesinceweresolvedtohaveallthingsincommon。Ifweareenabledtopersevereinthesameprinciples，wemayhopethatmultitudesofconvertedsoulswillhavereasontoblessGodtoalleternityforsendingHisGospelintothiscountry。"

Suchwasthemoralheroism，suchthespiritualaimoftheSeramporebrotherhood；howdiditsettowork？

CHAPTERVI

THEFIRSTNATIVECONVERTSANDCHRISTIANSCHOOLS

1800-1810

AcarpenterthefirstBengaliconvert——KrishnaPal\'sconfession——Castebrokenforthefirsttime——CareydescribesthebaptismintheHoogli——Thefirstwomanconvert——Thefirstwidowconvert——Thefirstconvertofwritercaste——ThefirstChristianBrahman——Thefirstnativechapel——ABengali"experience"

meeting——Careyfoundinganewcommunityaswellaschurch——Marriagedifficultiessolved——ThefirstnativeChristianmarriagefeastinNorthIndia——HindooChristiandeathandburial——ThefirstChristianschoolsandschool-booksinNorthIndia——ThefirstnativeSundayschool——Boardingschoolsforthehighereducationofcountry-bornChristians——CareyonthemixedPortuguese，Eurasians，andArmenians——TheBenevolentInstitutionfordestitutechildrenofallraces——Ahundredschools——Englishonlypostponed——Effectonnativeopinionandaction——TheleavenoftheKingdom——TheMissionbreaksforthintofiveatthecloseof1810。

ForsevenyearsCareyhaddailypreachedChristinBengaliwithoutaconvert。HehadproducedthefirsteditionoftheNewTestament。

Hehadreducedthelanguagetoliteraryform。HehadlaidthefoundationsinthedarknessofthepitofHindooism，whiletheNorthamptonshirepastors，byprayerandself-sacrifice，heldtheropes。Thelastdisappointmentwason25thNovember1800，when"thefirstHindoo"catechumen，Fakeer，offeredhimselfforbaptism，returnedtohisdistanthomeforhischild，andappearednomore，probably"detainedbyforce。"ButonthelastSundayofthatyearKrishnaPalwasbaptisedintheHoogliandhiswholefamilysoonfollowedhim。Hewasthirty-fiveyearsofage。NotonlyasthefirstnativeChristianofNorthIndiaofwhomwehaveareliableaccount，butasthefirstmissionarytoCalcuttaandAssam，andthefirstBengalihymn-writer，thismandeservesstudy。

Carey\'sfirstHindooconvertwasthreeyearsyoungerthanhimself，oraboutthirty-six，atbaptism。KrishnaPal，bornintheneighbouringFrenchsettlementofChandernagore，hadsettledinthesuburbsofSerampore，whereheworkedasacarpenter。SoresicknessandasenseofsinledhimtojointheKharta-bhojas，oneofthesectswhich，fromthetimeofGautamaBuddha，andofChaitanya，thereformerofNuddea，tothatofNanak，founderoftheSikhbrotherhoodhavebeendrivenintodissentbytheyokeofBrahmanism。

GenerallyworshippersofsomeformofVishnoo，andoccasionally，asinKabeer\'scase，influencedbythemonotheismofIslam，thesesectsbeginbyprofessingtheismandoppositiontocaste，thoughHindooismiselasticenoughtokeepthemalwayswithinitspaleandultimatelytoabsorbthemagain。ForsixteenyearsKrishnaPalwashimselfagooroooftheGhosparasect，ofwhichfromCarey\'stoDuff\'searlierdaysthemissionarieshadahopewhichprovedvain。Herecoveredfromsickness，butcouldnotshakeoffthesenseoftheburdenofsin，whenthismessagecametohim，and，tohissurprise，throughtheEuropeans——"JesusChristcameintotheworldtosavesinners。"

Atthesametimehehappenedtodislocatehisrightarmbyfallingdowntheslipperysideofhistankwhenabouttobathe。HesenttwoofthechildrentotheMissionHouseforThomas，whoimmediatelyleftthebreakfasttableatwhichthebrethrenhadjustsatdown，andsoonreducedtheluxation，whilethesuffereragainheardthegoodnewsthatChristwaswaitingtohealhissoul，andheandhisneighbourGokoolreceivedaBengalitract。Hehimselfthustoldthestory：——"InthispaperIreadthathewhoconfessethandforsakethhissins，andtrustethintherighteousnessofChrist，obtainssalvation。ThenextmorningMr。Careycametoseeme，andafterinquiringhowIwas，toldmetocometohishouse，thathewouldgivemesomemedicine，bywhich，throughtheblessingofGod，thepaininmyarmwouldberemoved。Iwentandobtainedthemedicine，andthroughthemercyofGodmyarmwascured。FromthistimeI

madeapracticeofcallingatthemissionhouse，whereMr。WardandMr。FelixCareyusedtoreadandexpoundtheHolyBibletome。OnedayDr。ThomasaskedmewhetherIunderstoodwhatIheardfromMr。

WardandMr。Carey。IsaidIunderstoodthattheLordJesusChristgavehislifeupforthesalvationofsinners，andthatIbelievedit，andsodidmyfriendGokool。Dr。T。said，\'ThenIcallyoubrother——comeandletuseattogetherinlove。\'Atthistimethetablewassetforluncheon，andallthemissionariesandtheirwives，andIandGokool，satdownandatetogether。"

Theservantsspreadthenews，mosthorribletothepeople，thatthetwoHindooshad"becomeEuropeans，"andtheywereassaultedontheirwayhome。Justthirtyyearsafter，inCalcutta，thefirstpublicbreachofcastebytheyoungBrahmanstudentsofDuffraisedastillgreatercommotion，andresultedinthefirstconvertsthere。

KrishnaPalandhiswife，hiswife\'ssisterandhisfourdaughters；

Gokool，hiswife，andawidowoffortywholivedbesidethem，formedthefirstgroupofChristianHindoosofcasteinIndianorthofMadras。TwoyearsafterKrishnaPalsenttotheSocietythisconfessionofhisfaith。Literallytranslated，itisarecordofbeliefsuchasPaulhimselfmighthavewritten，illustratedbyanapostoliclifeoftwenty-twoyears。Thecarpenter\'sconfessionanddedicationhas，intheoriginal，anexquisitetenderness，reflectedalsointhehymn11whichhewroteforfamilyworship：——

"SERAMPORE，12thOct。1802。

"TothebrethrenofthechurchofourSaviourJesusChrist，oursouls\'beloved，myaffectionatelyembracingrepresentation。TheloveofGod，thegospelofJesusChrist，wasmadeknownbyholybrotherThomas。Inthatdayourmindswerefilledwithjoy。Thenjudging，weunderstoodthatweweredwellingindarkness。Throughthedoorofmanifestationwecametoknowthat，sinconfessing，sinforsaking，Christ\'srighteousnessembracing，salvationwouldbeobtained。Bylightspringingupintheheart，weknewthatsinnersbecomingrepentant，throughthesufferingsofChrist，obtainsalvation。Inthisrejoicing，andinChrist\'slovebelieving，I

obtainedmercy。NowitisinmymindcontinuallytodwellintheloveofChrist：thisisthedesireofmysoul。Doyou，holypeople，pourdownloveuponus，thatasthechatookeewemaybesatisfied。12

Iwasthevilestofsinners：Hehathsavedme。NowthiswordIwilltelltotheworld。Goingforth，IwillproclaimtheloveofChristwithrejoicing。TosinnersIwillsaythisword：Heresinner，brother！WithoutChristthereisnohelp。Christ，theworldtosave，gavehisownsoul！Suchlovewasneverheard：forenemiesChristgavehisownsoul！Suchcompassion，whereshallweget？Forthesakeofsavingsinnersheforsookthehappinessofheaven。I

willconstantlystaynearhim。Beingawakenedbythisnews，Iwillconstantlydwellinthetownofjoy。IntheHolySpiritIwilllive：yetinChrist\'ssorrowIwillbesorrowful。Iwilldwellalongwithhappiness，continuallymeditatingonthis；——Christwillsavetheworld！InChristnottakingrefuge，thereisnootherwayoflife。Iwasindeedasinner，praisenotknowing——ThisistherepresentationofChrist\'sservant，"KRISTNO。"

SuchisthefirstepistleoftheChurchofIndia。Thusthefirstmedicalmissionaryhadhisreward；butthejoyprovedtobetoomuchforhim。WhenCareyledKrishnaandhisownsonFelixdownintothewaterofbaptismtheravingsofThomasintheschoolhouseontheoneside，andofMrs。Careyontheother，mingledwiththestrainsoftheBengalihymnofpraise。TheMissionJournal，writtenbyWard，tellswithgraphicsimplicityhowcasteaswellasidol-worshipwasovercomenotonlybythemenbutthewomenrepresentativesofaracewhom，thirtyyearsafter，Macaulaydescribedasdestituteofcourage，independence，andveracity，andboldonlyindeceit。

Christischangingallthat。

"Nov。27——Krishna，themanwhosearmwasset，overtookFelixandme，andsaidhewouldcometoourhousedailyforinstruction；forthatwehadnotonlycuredhisarm，butbroughthimthenewsofsalvation……

"Dec。5——YesterdayeveningGokoolandKrishnaprayedinmyroom。

ThismorningGokoolcalleduponus，andtoldusthathiswifeandtwoorthreemoreofhisfamilyhadlefthimonaccountofthegospel。HehadeatenofKrishna\'srice，whobeingofanothercaste，Gokoolhadlosthis。KrishnasayshiswifeandfamilyarealldesirousofbecomingChristians。Theydeclaretheirwillingnesstojoinus，andobeyallourSaviour\'scommands。Gokoolandhiswifehadalongtalk；butshecontinueddetermined，andisgonetoherrelations。

"Dec。6——ThismorningbrotherCareyandIwenttoKrishna\'shouse。

Everythingwasmadeveryclean。Thewomensatwithinthehouse，thechildrenatthedoor，andKrishnaandGokoolwithbrotherCareyandIinthecourt。Thehousesofthepoorareonlycalculatedforsleepingin。BrotherCareytalked；andthewomenappearedtohavelearnedmoreofthegospelthanweexpected。TheydeclaredforChristatonce。Thisworkwasnew，eventobrotherCarey。Awholefamilydesiringtohearthegospel，anddeclaringinfavourofit！

Krishna\'swifesaidshehadreceivedgreatjoyfromit。

"Lord\'s-day，Dec。7——ThismorningbrotherCareywenttoKrishna\'shouse，andspoketoayardfullofpeople，whoheardwithgreatattentionthoughtremblingwithcold。BrotherBrunsdonisverypoorly。Krishna\'swifeandhersisterweretohavebeenwithusintheevening；butthewomenhavemanyscruplestosittinginthecompanyofEuropeans。Someofthemscarcelyevergooutbuttotheriver；andiftheymeetaEuropeanrunaway。Sometimeswhenwehavebeguntospeakinastreet，someonedesiresustoremovetoalittledistance；forthewomendarenotcomebyustofilltheirjarsattheriver。Wealwaysobey……

"Dec。11——Gokool，Krishna，andfamilycontinuetoseekaftertheWord，andprofesstheirentirewillingnesstojoinus。Thewomenseemtohavelearntthatsinisadreadfulthing，andtohavereceivedjoyinhearingofJesusChrist。Weseethemalleverydayalmost。Theylivebuthalfamilefromus。Wethinkitrighttomakemanyallowancesforignorance，andforastateofmindproducedbyacorruptsuperstition。Wethereforecannotthinkofdemandingfromthem，previoustobaptism，tomorethanaprofessionofdependenceonChrist，fromaknowledgeoftheirneedofHim，andsubmissiontoHiminallthings。Wenowbegintotalkofbaptism。

Yesterdaywefixeduponthespot，beforeourgate，intheriver。

Webegintotalkalsoofmanyotherthingsconcerningthedisciplednatives。ThiseveningFelixandIwenttoGokool\'shouse。Krishnaandhiswifeandabr鄊mh鄋werepresent。Isaidalittle。FelixreadthefourlastchaptersofJohntothem，andspokealso。Wesatdownuponapieceofmatinthefrontofthehouse。(Nochairs。)Itwasverypleasant。Tohavenativeswhofeelalittleaswedoourselves，issonewanddifferent。Thecountryitselfseemstowearanewaspecttome……

"Dec。13——ThiseveningFelixandIwenttoseeourfriendsGokoolandKrishna。Thelatterwasout。Gokoolgaveapleasingaccountofthestateofhismind，andalsoofthatofKrishnaandhisfamily。

Whilewewerethere，Gokool\'sgooroo(teacher)cameforthefirsttimesincehislosingcaste。Gokoolrefusedtoprostratehimselfathisfeetwhileheshouldputhisfootonhishead；forwhichhisgooroowasdispleased……

"Dec。22——ThisdayGokoolandKrishnacametoeattiffin(whatinEnglandiscalledluncheon)withus，andthuspubliclythrewawaytheircaste。BrethrenCareyandThomaswenttoprayerwiththetwonativesbeforetheyproceededtothisact。Allourservantswereastonished：somanyhadsaidthatnobodywouldevermindChristorlosecaste。BrotherThomashaswaitedfifteenyears，andthrownawaymuchupondeceitfulcharacters：brotherCareyhaswaitedtillhopeofhisownsuccesshasalmostexpired；andafterall，Godhasdoneitwithperfectease！Thusthedooroffaithisopentothegentiles；whoshallshutit？Thechainofthecasteisbroken；whoshallmendit？"

Careythusdescribesthebaptism：——"Dec。29——Yesterdaywasadayofgreatjoy。IhadthehappinesstodesecratetheGunga，bybaptisingthefirstHindoo，viz。Krishna，andmysonFelix：somecircumstancesturneduptodelaythebaptismofGokoolandthetwowomen。

Krishna\'scomingforwardalone，however，gaveusverygreatpleasure，andhisjoyatbothordinanceswasverygreat。Theriverrunsjustbeforeourgate，infrontofthehouse，and，Ithink，isaswideastheThamesatGravesend。Weintendedtohavebaptisedatnineinthemorning；but，onaccountofthetide，wereobligedtodeferittillnearlyoneo\'clock，anditwasadministeredjustaftertheEnglishpreaching。TheGovernorandagoodnumberofEuropeanswerepresent。BrotherWardpreachedasermoninEnglish，fromJohnv。39——\'SearchtheScriptures。\'Wethenwenttothewater-side，whereIaddressedthepeopleinBengali；afterhavingsungaBengalitranslationof\'Jesus，andshalliteverbe？\'andengaginginprayer。AftertheaddressIadministeredtheordinance，firsttomyson，thentoKrishna。Athalf-pastfourIadministeredtheLord\'sSupper；andatimeofrealrefreshingitwas……

"Thus，yousee，Godismakingwayforus，andgivingsuccesstothewordofHisgrace！Wehavetoiledlong，andhavemetwithmanydiscouragements；but，atlast，theLordhasappearedforus。Maywehavethetruespiritofnurses，totrainthemupinthewordsoffaithandsounddoctrine！Ihavenofearofanyone，however，inthisrespect，butmyself。Ifeelmuchconcernedthattheymayactworthyoftheirvocation，andalsothattheymaybeabletoteachothers。IthinkitbecomesustomakethemostofeveryonewhomtheLordgivesus。"

Jeymooni，Krishna\'swife\'ssister，wasthefirstBengaliwomantobebaptised，andRasoo，hiswife，soonfollowed；bothwereaboutthirty-fiveyearsold。TheformersaidshehadfoundatreasureinChristgreaterthananythingintheworld。Thelatter，whenshefirstheardthegoodnewsfromherhusband，said"therewasnosuchsinnerasI，andIfeltmyheartimmediatelyunitetoHim。IwishtokeepallHiscommandssofarasIknowthem。"Gokoolwaskeptbackforatimebyhiswife，Komal，whofledtoherfather\'s，butKrishnaandhisfamilybroughtin，firstthehusband，thenthewife，whosesimplicityandfranknessattractedthemissionaries。Unna，theirwidowedfriendofforty，wasalsogatheredin，thefirstofthatsadhostofvictimstoBrahmanicalcruelty，lust，andavarice，towhomChristianityhaseversinceofferedtheonlydeliverance。Of124，000，000ofwomeninIndiain1881，nofewerthan21，000，000werereturnedbythecensusaswidows，ofwhom669，000wereundernineteenyears，286，000wereunderfifteen，and79，000wereundernine，allfiguresundoubtedlywithintheappallingtruth。JeymooniandUnnaatoncebecameactivemissionariesamongtheircountry-women，notonlyinSeramporebutinChandernagoreandthesurroundingcountry。

Theyear1800didnotclosewithoutfruitfromtheotherandhighercastes。PetumberSingh，amanoffiftyofthewritercaste，hadsoughtdeliverancefromsinforthirtyyearsatmanyaHindooshrineandinmanyaBrahmanicalscripture。OneoftheearliesttractsoftheSeramporepressfellintohishands，andheatoncewalkedfortymilestoseekfullerinstructionfromitsauthor。HisbaptismgaveCareyjustwhatthemissionwanted，agoodschoolmaster，andhesoonprovedtobe，evenbeforeKrishnaintime，thefirstpreachertothepeople。OfthesamewritercastewereSyamDass，PetumberMitter，andhiswifeDraupadi，whowasasbraveasheryounghusband。ThedespisedsoodraswererepresentedbySyam\'sneighbour，Bharut，anoldman，whosaidhewenttoChristbecausehewasjustfallingintohellandsawnootherwayofsafety。ThefirstMohammedanconvertwasPeroo，anotherneighbourofSyamDass。FromthespotontheSoondarbanswhereCareyfirstbeganhislifeofmissionaryfarmer，therecametohimatthecloseof1802，inCalcutta，thefirstBrahmanwhohadbowedhisnecktotheGospelinallIndiauptothistime，forwecanhardlyreckonKiernander\'scase。KrishnaProsad，thennineteen，"gaveuphisfriendsandhiscastewithmuchfortitude，andisthefirstBrahmanwhohasbeenbaptised。ThewordofChrist\'sdeathseemstohavegonetohisheart，andhecontinuestoreceivetheWordwithmeekness。"Thepoitaorsevenfoldthreadwhich，aswornoverthenakedbody，betokenedhiscaste，hetrampledunderfoot，andanotherwasgiventohim，thatwhenpreachingChristhemightbeawitnesstotheBrahmansatoncethatChristisirresistibleandthatanidolisnothingintheworld。Thishevoluntarilyceasedtowearinafewyears。TwomoreBrahmanswerebroughtinbyPetumberSingheein1804，bythecloseofwhichyearthenumberofbaptisedconvertswasforty-eight，ofwhomfortywerenativemenandwomen。WiththeinstinctofatruescholarandChristianCareykepttotheapostolicpractice，whichhasbeentoooftendepartedfrom——heconsecratedtheconvert\'snameaswellassoulandbodytoChrist。Besidethe"Hermes"ofRometowhomPaulsenthissalutation，hekeptthe"Krishna"ofSeramporeandCalcutta。

Thefirstactofthefirstconvert，KrishnaPal，wasofhisownaccordtobuildahouseforGodimmediatelyoppositehisown，thefirstnativemeeting-houseinBengal。Careypreachedthefirstsermoninittotwentynativesbesidesthefamily。Onthesideofthehighroad，alongwhichthecarofJagganathisdraggedeveryyear，themissionariespurchasedasiteandbuiltapreachingplace，aschool，ahouseforGokool，andaroomfortheoldwidow，atthecostofCaptainWickes，whohadrejoicedtowitnesstheirbaptism。

TheBrahmanwhoownedtheneighbouringlandwishedtosellitandleavetheplace，"somuchdothesepeopleabhorus。"Thislittlepurchasefor？grewintimeintotheextensivesettlementofJannagur，whereabout1870thelastofCarey\'sconvertspassedaway。

>Fromitsnativechapel，andinitsvillagetank，manyHindooshavesincebeenledbytheirownordainedcountrymentoputonChrist。

IntimethechurchinthechapelontheHooglibecamechieflyEuropeanandEurasian，butonthefirstSundayoftheyear，themembersofbothchurchesmeettogetherforsolemnandjoyfulcommunion，whentheservicesarealternatelyinBengaliandEnglish。

ThelongingforconvertsnowgaveplacetoanxietythattheymightcontinuetobeChristiansindeed。AsintheearlyCorinthianChurch，alldidnotperceiveatoncethesolemnitiesoftheLord\'sSupper。KrishnaPal，forinstance，jealousbecausethebettereducatedPetumberhadbeenordainedtopreachbeforehim，madeaschismbyadministeringit，andsofilledthemissionarieswithgriefandfear；buthesoonbecamepenitent。AssociatedwithmenwhogavetheiralltoChrist，thenativememberscouldnotbutlearnthelessonofself-support，soessentialforaself-propagatingchurch，andsooftenneglectedintheearlyhistoryofmissions，andevenstill。OnbaptismKrishnareceivedanewwhitedresswithsixshillings；butsuchagift，beautifulinitself，wassoondiscontinued。AMohammedanconvertaskedassistancetocultivatealittlegroundandrearsilkworms，but，writesMr。Wardboweddownwithmissionarycares，"Wearedesiroustoavoidsuchaprecedent。"

Althoughthesefirstconvertswerenecessarilymissionariesratherthanpastorsforatime，eachpreacherreceivednomorethansixrupeesamonthwhileinhisownvillage，anddoublethatwhenitinerating。Careyandhiscolleagueswereeveronthewatchtofosterthespirituallifeandgrowthofmenandwomenborn，andforthirtyorfiftyyearstrained，inalltheideasandpracticesofasystemwhichistheverycentreofoppositiontoteachingliketheirs。Thisrecordofan"experiencemeeting"ofthreemenandfivewomenmaybetakenasatypeofBengaliChristianitywhenitwasbuttwoyearsold，andasacontrasttothatwhichprevailsacenturyafter：——

"Gokool。Ihavebeenthegreatestofsinners，butIwishonlytothinkofthedeathofChrist。IrejoicethatnowpeoplecannolongerdespisetheGospel，andcallusferingas；buttheybegintojudgeforthemselves。

"KrishnaProsad。IhavethisweekbeenthinkingofthepowerofGod，thathecandoallthings；andofthenecessityofmindingallhiscommands。Ihavethoughtalsoofmymotheragreatdeal，whoisnowbecomeold，andwhoisconstantlycryingaboutme，thinkingthatI

havedishonouredthefamilyandamlost。OhthatIcouldbutoncegoandtellherofthegoodnews，aswellasmybrothersandsisters，andopentheireyestothewayofsalvation！

"RamRoteen。Inmymindthereisthis：Iseethatallthedebtahs(idols)arenothing，andthatJesusChrististheonlySaviour。IfIcanbelieveinhim，andwalkinhiscommandments，itmaybewellwithme。

"Rasoo。Iamagreatsinner；yetIwishcontinuallytothinkofthedeathofChrist。Ihadmuchcomfortinthemarriageofmydaughter(OnundatoKrishnaProsad)。Theneighbourstalkedmuchaboutit，andseemedtothinkthatitwasmuchbetterthatamanshouldchoosehisownwife，thanthatpeopleshouldbebetrothedintheirinfancybytheirparents。PeoplebegintobeabletojudgealittlenowabouttheChristianways。

"Jeymooni。Inthiscountryaremanyways：thewayofthedebtahs；

thewayofJagganath，wherealleattogether；thewayofGhospara，etc。Yetallthesearevain。YesooKreest\'sdeath，andYesooKreest\'scommands——thisisthewayoflife！IlongtoseeKreest\'skingdomgrow。ThisweekIhadmuchjoyintalkingtoGokool\'smother，whoseheartisinclinedtojudgeaboutthewayofKreest。

WhenIwascalledtogoandtalkwithher，onthewayIthoughtwithinmyself，buthowcanIexplainthewayofKreest？Iambutawoman，anddonotknowmuch。YetIrecollectedthattheblessingdoesnotcomefromus：Godcanblesstheweakestwords。ManyBengaliwomencomingfromtheadjoininghouses，satdownandheardtheword；andIwasgladinhopingthatthemercyofGodmightbefoundbythisoldwoman。[Gokool\'smother。]

"Komal。Iamagreatsinner；yetIhavebeenmuchrejoicedthisweekinGokool\'smothercomingtoinquireabouttheGospel。IhadgreatsorrowwhenGokoolwasill；andatonetimeIthoughthewouldhavedied；butGodhasgraciouslyrestoredhim。Wehaveworldlysorrow，butthislastsonlyforatime。

"Draupadi。ThisweekIhavehadmuchsorrowonaccountofPetumber。

Hismindisverybad：hesitsinthehouse，andrefusestowork；

andIknownotwhatwillbecomeofhim：yetKreest\'sdeathisatrueword。

"Golook。IhavehadmuchjoyinthinkingofGod\'sgoodnesstoourfamily。MysistersOnundaandKesareewishtobebaptised，andtocomeintothechurch。IfIcanbelieveinKreest\'sdeath，andkeephiscommandstilldeath，thenIshallbesaved。"

CareywasnotonlyfoundingtheChurchofNorthIndia；hewascreatinganewsociety，acommunity，whichhasitshealthyrootsintheChristianfamily。KrishnaPalhadcomeoverwithhishousehold，likethePhilippian，andatoncebecamehisownandtheirgoorooorpriest。Butthemarriagedifficultywasearlyforcedonhimandonthemissionaries。Thefirstshapewhichpersecutiontookwasanassaultonhiseldestdaughter，Golook，whowascarriedofftothehouseinCalcuttaoftheHindootowhomininfancyshehadbeenbetrothed，ormarriedaccordingtoHindoolawenforcedbytheDanishandBritishcourts。AsaChristiansheloathedaconnectionwhichwasbothidolatrousandpolygamous。Butshesubmittedforatime，continuing，however，secretlytopraytoChristwhenbeatenbyherhusbandforopenlyworshippingHim，andrefusingtoeatthingsofferedtotheidol。Atlastitbecameintolerable。Shefledtoherfather，wasbaptised，andwasafteratimejoinedbyherpenitenthusband。ThesubjectofwhatwastobedonewithconvertswhosewiveswouldnotjointhemoccupiedthemissionariesindiscussioneverySundayduring1803，andtheyatlastreferredittoAndrewFullerandthecommittee。PracticallytheyanticipatedtheActinwhichSirHenryMainegavereliefaftertheScripturalmode。

Theysentthehusbandtouseeveryendeavourtoinducehisheathenwifetojoinhim；longdelayorrefusaltheycountedasufficientgroundfordivorce，andtheyallowedhimtomarryagain。Theothercase，whichstilltroublesthenativechurches，ofthedutyofapolygamousChristian，seemstohavebeensolvedaccordingtoDr。

Doddridge\'sadvice，bykeepingsuchoutofofficeinthechurch，andpressingontheconscienceofalltheteachingofourLordinMatthewxix。，andofPaulin1stCorinthiansvii。

In1802CareydrewupaformofagreementandofservicefornativeChristianmarriagesnotunlikethatoftheChurchofEngland。ThesimpleandpleasingceremonyinthecaseofSyamDasspresentedacontrasttotheprolonged，expensive，andobsceneritesoftheHindoos，whichattractedthepeople。When，theyearafter，aChristianBrahmanwasunitedtoadaughterofKrishnaPal，inthepresenceofmorethanahundredHindoos，theunityofallinChristJesuswasstillmoremarked：——

"Apr。4，1803——ThismorningearlywewenttoattendtheweddingofKrishnaProsadwithOnunda，Krishna\'sseconddaughter。Krishnagavehimapieceofgroundadjoininghisdwelling，tobuildhimahouse，andwelentProsadfiftyrupeesforthatpurpose，whichheistoreturnmonthly，outofhiswages。Wethereforehadameetingforprayerinthisnewhouse，andmanyneighbourswerepresent。Fivehymnsweresung：brotherCareyandMarshmanprayedinBengali。

Afterthiswewentunderanopenshedclosetothehouse，wherechairsandmatswereprovided：herefriendsandneighbourssatallaround。BrotherCareysatatatable；andafterashortintroduction，inwhichheexplainedthenatureofmarriage，andnoticedtheimproprietyoftheHindoocustomsinthisrespect，heread2Cor。vi。14-18，andalsotheaccountofthemarriageatCana。

Thenhereadtheprintedmarriageagreement，atthecloseofwhichKrishnaProsadandOnunda，withjoinedhands，oneaftertheother，promisedlove，faithfulness，obedience，etc。Theythensignedtheagreement，andbrethrenCarey，Marshman，Ward，Chamberlain，RamRoteen，etc。，signedaswitnesses。ThewholewasclosedwithprayerbybrotherWard。Everythingwasconductedwiththegreatestdecorum，anditwasalmostimpossiblenottohavebeenpleased。Wereturnedhometobreakfast，andsentthenew-marriedcouplesomesugar-candy，plantains，andraisins；thefirstandlastofthesearticleshadbeenmadeapresentoftous，andtheplantainsweretheproduceofthemissiongarden。Intheeveningweattendedthemonthlyprayer-meeting。

"Apr。5——ThiseveningweallwenttosupperatKrishna\'s，andsatundertheshadewherethemarriageceremonyhadbeenperformed。

Tables，knivesandforks，glasses，etc。，havingbeentakenfromourhouse，wehadanumberofBengaliplaindishes，consistingofcurry，friedfish，vegetables，etc。，andIfancymostofusateheartily。

Thisisthefirstinstanceofoureatingatthehouseofournativebrethren。Atthistableweallsatwiththegreatestcheerfulness，andsomeoftheneighbourslookedonwithakindofamazement。Itwasanewandverysingularsightinthislandwherecleananduncleanissomuchregarded。Weshouldhavegoneinthedaytime，butwerepreventedbytheheatandwantofleisure。Webeganthisweddingsupperwithsinging，andconcludedwithprayer：betweentenandelevenwereturnedhomewithjoy。Thiswasaglorioustriumphoverthecaste！ABrahmanmarriedtoasoodra，intheChristianway：Englishmeneatingwiththemarriedcoupleandtheirfriends，atthesametable，andatanativehouse。AllowingtheHindoochronologytobetrue，therehasnotbeensuchasightinBengalthesemillionsofyears！"

InthesameyeartheapproachingdeathofGokoolledthemissionariestopurchasetheacreofground，nearthepresentrailwaystation，inwhichliesthedustofthemselvesandtheirconverts，andofachildoftheJudsons，tilltheResurrection。

OftendidCareyofficiateattheburialofEuropeansintheDanishcemetery。PrevioustohistimetheonlyservicethereconsistedintheGovernmentsecretarydroppingahandfulofearthonthecoffin。

InthenativeGod\'s-acre，asintheCommunionoftheLord\'sTable，andinthesimpleriteswhichaccompaniedtheburialofthedeadinChrist，theheathensawtheoneloftyplatformoflovingself-sacrificetowhichtheCrossraisesallitschildren：——

"Oct。7——OurdearfriendGokoolisgone：hedepartedattwothismorning。Attwelvehecalledthebrethrenaroundhimtosingandpray；wasperfectlysensible，resigned，andtranquil。Someoftheneighbourshadbeenpersuadinghimthedaybeforetoemployanativedoctor；hehoweverrefused，sayinghewouldhavenophysicianbutJesusChrist。Ontheirsaying，HowisitthatyouwhohaveturnedtoChristshouldbethusafflicted？Hereplied，Myafflictionisonaccountofmysins；myLorddoesallthingswell！ObservingKomalweep(whohadbeenamostaffectionatewife)，hesaid，Whydoyouweepforme？Onlypray，etc。Fromthebeginningofhisillnesshehadlittlehopeofrecovery；yethenevermurmured，norappearedatallanxiousformedicine。Hisanswerconstantlywas，"IaminmyLord\'shands，Iwantnootherphysician！\'Hispatiencethroughoutwasastonishing：Ineverheardhimsayoncethathispainwasgreat。

Histranquilandhappyendhasmadeadeepimpressiononourfriends：theysayonetoanother，\'MaymymindbeasGokool\'swas！\'

Whenweconsider，too，thatthisverymangrewshyofusthreeyearsago，becauseweopposedhisnotionthatbelieverswouldneverdie，thegracenowbestoweduponhimappearsthemoreremarkable。

KnowingthehorrortheHindooshaveforadeadbody，andhowunwillingtheyaretocontributeanywaytoitsinterment，Ihadthecoffinmadeatourhousetheprecedingday，bycarpenterswhomweemploy。Theywouldnot，however，carryittothehouse。Thedifficultynowwas，tocarryhimtothegrave。TheusualmodeofEuropeansistohireasetofmen(Portuguese)，wholivebyit。Butbesidesthatourfriendscouldneverconstantlysustainthatexpense，Iwishedexceedinglytoconvincethemoftheproprietyofdoingthatlastkindofficeforabrotherthemselves。ButasKrishnahadbeenillagainthenightbefore，andtwoofourbrethrenwereabsentwithbrotherWard，wecouldonlymusterthreepersons。

Ievidentlysawtheonlywaytosupplythedeficiency；andbrotherCareybeingfromhome，IsoundedFelixandWilliam，andwedeterminedtomakethetrial；andatfiveintheafternoonrepairedtothehouse。ThitherwereassembledallourHindoobrethrenandsisters，withacrowdofnativesthatfilledtheyard，andlinedthestreet。Webroughttheremainsofourdearbrotherout，whosecoffinKrishnahadcoveredwithinandwithoutwithwhitemuslinathisownexpense；then，inthemidstofthesilentandastonishedmultitude，weimprovedthesolemnmomentbysingingahymnofKrishna\'s，thechorusofwhichis\'SalvationbythedeathofChrist。\'Bhairubthebrahm鄋，Peroothemussulman，FelixandItookupthecoffin；and，withtheassistanceofKrishnaandWilliam，conveyedittoitslonghome：depositingitinthegrave，wesungtwoappropriatehymns。Afterthis，asthecrowdwasaccumulating，I

endeavouredtoshowthegroundsofourjoyfulhopeevenindeath，referringtothedeceasedforaproofofitsefficacy：toldthemthatindeedhehadbeenagreatsinner，astheyallknew，andforthatreasoncouldfindnowayofsalvationamongthem；butwhenheheardofJesusChrist，hereceivedhimasasuitableandall-sufficientSaviour，puthistrustinhim，anddiedfulloftranquilhope。Afterbeggingthemtoconsidertheirownstate，weprayed，sungMoorad\'shymn，anddistributedpapers。Theconcourseofpeoplewasgreat，perhaps500：theyseemedmuchstruckwiththenoveltyofthescene，andwiththeloveandregardChristiansmanifesttoeachother，evenindeath；sodifferentfromtheirthrowingtheirfriends，halfdeadandhalfliving，intotheriver；

orburningtheirbody，withperhapsasolitaryattendant。"

Preaching，teaching，andBibletranslatingwerefromthefirstCarey\'sthreemissionarymethods，andinallheledthemissionarieswhohavetillthepresentfollowedhimwithasuccesswhichheneverhesitatedtoexpect，asoneofthe"greatthings"fromGod。HisworkfortheeducationofthepeopleofIndia，especiallyintheirownvernacularandclassicallanguages，wassecondonlytothatwhichgavethemaliteraturesacredandpure。Upto1794，whenatMudnabatiheopenedthefirstprimaryschoolworthyofthenameinallIndiaathisowncost，anddailysuperintendedit，therehadbeenonlyoneattempttoimproveupontheindigenousschools，whichtaughtthechildrenofthetradingcastesonlytokeeprudeaccounts，oruponthetolsinwhichtheBrahmansinstructedtheirdisciplesforone-halftheyear，whilefortheotherhalftheylivedbybegging。ThatattemptwasmadebySchwartzatCombaconum，thepriestlyOxfordofSouthIndia，wherethewarswithTipoosoonputanendtoaschemesupportedbyboththeRajaofTanjoreandtheBritishGovernment。WhenCareymovedtoSeramporeandfoundassociatedwithhimteacherssoaccomplishedandenthusiasticasMarshmanandhiswife，educationwasnotlongintakingitsplaceinthecrusadewhichwasthenfullyorganisedfortheconversionofSouthernandEasternAsia。AtMadras，too，Bellhadstumbleduponthesystemof"mutualinstruction"whichhehadlearnedfromtheeasymethodsoftheindigenousschoolmaster，andwhichheandLancastertaughtEnglandtoapplytotheclamantwantsofthecountry，andtoimproveintothemonitorial，pupil-teacherandgrant-in-aidsystems。Careyhadallthenativeschoolsofthemission"conducteduponLancaster\'splan。"

InSerampore，andineverynewstationasitwasformed，afreeschoolwasopened。Wehaveseenhowthefirsteducatedconvert，Petumber，wasmadeschoolmaster。SoearlyasOctober1800wefindCareywritinghome：——"ThechildreninourBengalifreeschool，aboutfifty，aremostlyveryyoung。YetweareendeavouringtoinstilintotheirmindsDivinetruth，asfastastheirunderstandingsripen。Somenativeshavecomplainedthatwearepoisoningthemindsevenoftheirverychildren。"ThefirstattempttoinducetheboystowriteoutthecatechisminBengaliresulted，asdidDuff\'stogetthemtoreadaloudtheSermonontheMountthirtyyearsafter，inaprotestthattheircastewasindanger。Butthetrueprinciplesoftolerationanddisciplinewereatonceexplained——"thatthechildrenwillneverbecompelledtodoanythingthatwillmakethemlosecaste；thatthoughweabhorthecastewedonotwishanytoloseitbutbytheirownchoice。Afterthisweshallinsistonthechildrendoingwhattheyhavebeenordered。"Afewoftheoldestboyswithdrewforatime，declaringthattheyfearedtheywouldbesentonboardshiptoEngland，andthebaptismofeachoftheearlierconvertscausedapanic。Butinstructiononhonestmethodssoonworkedoutthetrueremedy。Twoyearsafterwefindthisreport：——"Thefirstclass，consistingofcatechumens，arenowlearninginBengalithefirstprinciplesofChristianity；andwillhereafterbeinstructedintherudimentsofhistory，geography，astronomy，etc。Thesecondclass，undertwoothermasters，learntoreadandwriteBengaliandEnglish。Thethirdclass，consistingofthechildrenofnativeswhohavenotlostcaste，learnonlyBengali。

Thisschoolisinapromisingstate，andisliberallysupportedbythesubscriptionsofEuropeansinthiscountry。"

Carey\'searlysuccessledMr。CreightonofMaldatoopenatGoamaltyseveralBengalifreeschools，andtodrawupaschemeforextendingsuchChristiannurseriesalloverthecountryatacostof？0fortheeducationoffiftychildren。Onlybytheyear1806wassuchaschemepracticable，becauseCareyhadtranslatedtheScriptures，and，asCreightonnoted，"avarietyofintroductoryandexplanatorytractsandcatechismsintheBengaliandHindostanitongueshavealreadybeencirculatedinsomepartsofthecountry，andanynumbermaybehadgratisfromtheMissionHouse，Serampore。"AsonlyafewoftheBrahmanandwritercastescouldread，andnotonewoman，"ageneralperusaloftheScripturesamongstnativeswillbeimpracticabletilltheyaretaughttoread。"Butnothingwasdone，savebythemissionaries，till1835，whenLordWilliamBentinckreceivedAdam\'sreportontheeducationaldestitutionofBengal。

ReferringtoCreighton\'sscheme，Mr。Ward\'sjournalthuschroniclestheopeningofthefirstSundayschoolinIndiainJuly1803byCarey\'ssons：——

"LastLord\'sdayakindofSundayschoolwasopened，whichwillbesuperintendedprincipallybyouryoungfriendsFelixandWilliamCarey，andJohnFernandez。ItwillchieflybeconfinedtoteachingcatechismsinBengaliandEnglish，asthechildrenlearntoreadandwriteeveryday。Ihavereceivedaletterfromagentlemanupthecountry，whowritesverywarmlyrespectingthegeneralestablishmentofChristianschoolsalloverBengal。"

NotmanyyearshadpassedsinceRaikeshadbegunSundayschoolsinEngland。TheiruseseemstohavepassedawaywiththethreeSeramporemissionariesforatime，andtohavebeenagainextendedbytheAmericanmissionariesabout1870。Therearenowabove200，000boysandgirlsatsuchschoolsinIndia，andthree-fourthsofthesearenon-Christians。

AsfromthefirstCareydrewconvertsfromallclasses，theArmenians，thePortuguese，andtheEurasians，aswellasthenativesofIndia，heandMr。andMrs。Marshmanespeciallytookcaretoprovideschoolsfortheirchildren。Thenecessity，indeed，ofthiswasforceduponthembythefactsthatthebrotherhoodbeganwithninechildren，andthatboarding-schoolsfortheseclasseswouldformanhonourablesourceofrevenuetothemission。Hencethisadvertisement，whichappearedinMarch1800：——"Mission，House，Serampore——OnThursday，the1stofMay1800，aschoolwillbeopenedatthishouse，whichstandsinaveryhealthyandpleasantsituationbythesideoftheriver。LettersaddtoMr。Careywillbeimmediatelyattendedto。"Thecostofboardingandfeesvariedfrom？5to？0ayear，accordingas"Latin，Greek，Hebrew，Persian，orSanskrit"lessonswereincluded。"ParticularattentionwillbepaidtothecorrectpronunciationoftheEnglishlanguage"wasaddedforreasonswhichthemixedparentageofthepupilsexplains。SuchwasthefirstsignofacarefortheEurasiansnotconnectedwiththearmy，which，asdevelopedbyMarshmanandMack，beganin1823totaketheformoftheDovetonCollege。Theboys\'schoolwassoonfollowedbyagirls\'school，throughwhichastreamofChristianlightradiatedforthoverresidentChristiansociety，andfromwhichmanyamissionarycame。

Carey\'sdescriptionofthemixedcommunityisthebestwehaveofitsoriginaswellasofthestateofEuropeansocietyinIndia，alikewhenthePortugueseweredominant，andatthebeginningofthenineteenthcenturywhentheEastIndiaCompanyweremostafraidofChristianity：——"ThePortugueseareapeoplewho，intheestimationofbothEuropeansandnatives，aresunkbelowtheHindoosorMussulmans。However，Iamofopinionthattheyareratedmuchtoolow。TheyarechieflydescendantsoftheslavesofthePortuguesewhofirstlandedhere，orofthechildrenofthosePortuguesebytheirfemaleslaves；andbeingbornintheirhouse，weremadeChristiansintheirinfancybywhatiscalledbaptism，andhadPortuguesenamesgiventhem。Itisnowonderthatthesepeople，despisedastheyarebyEuropeans，andbeingconsignedtotheteachingsofveryignorantPopishpriests，shouldbesunkintosuchastateofdegradation。Sogross，indeed，aretheirsuperstitions，thatIhaveseenaHindooimage-makercarryinghomeanimageofChristonthecrossbetweentwothieves，tothehouseofaPortuguese。Manyofthem，however，canreadandwriteEnglishwellandunderstandPortuguese……

"Besidesthese，therearemanywhoarethechildrenofEuropeansbynativewomen，severalofwhomarewelleducated，andnearlyallofthemProtestantsbyprofession。These，whetherchildrenofEnglish，French，Dutch，orDanes，bynativewomen，arecalledPortuguese。

Concubinagehereissocommon，thatfewunmarriedEuropeansarewithoutanativewoman，withwhomtheyliveasifmarried；andI

believetherearebutfewinstancesofseparation，exceptincaseofmarriagewithEuropeanwomen，inwhichcasethenativewomanisdismissedwithanallowance：butthechildrenofthesemarriagesareneveradmittedtotablewithcompany，andareuniversallytreatedbytheEnglishasaninferiorspeciesofbeings。Hencetheyareoftenshame-facedyetproudandconceited，andendeavourtoassumethathonourtothemselveswhichisdeniedthembyothers。ThisclassmayberegardedasformingaconnectinglinkbetweenEuropeansandnatives。TheArmeniansarefewinnumber，butchieflyrich。Ihaveseveraltimesconversedwiththemaboutreligion：theyhearwithpatience，andwonderthatanyEnglishmanshouldmakethatasubjectofconversation。"

WhiletheMarshmansgavetheirtimefromseveninthemorningtillthreeintheafternoontotheseboarding-schoolsstartedbyCareyin1800forthehighereducationoftheEurasians，Careyhimself，inCalcutta，earlybegantocareforthedestitute。Hiseffortsresultedintheestablishmentofthe"BenevolentInstitutionfortheInstructionofIndigentChildren，"whichthecontemporaryBengalcivilian，CharlesLushington，inhisHistoryextolsasoneofthemonumentsofactiveandindefatigablebenevolenceduetoSerampore。

Here，ontheLancastersystem，andsuperintendedbyCarey，Mr。andMrs。Penneyhadasmanyas300boysand100girlsunderChristianinstructionofallagesuptotwenty-four，andofeveryrace：——"Europeans，nativePortuguese，Armenians，Mugs，Chinese，Hindoos，Mussulmans，nativesofSumatra，Mozambik，andAbyssinia。"

Thisofficialreporterstatesthatthusmorethanathousandyouthshadbeenrescuedfromviceandignoranceandadvancedinusefulnesstosociety，inadegreeofopulenceandrespectability。TheoriginofthisnoblecharityisthustoldtoDr。RylandbyCareyhimselfinaletterwhichunconsciouslyrevealshisownbusylife，recordsthemissionaryinfluenceofthehigherschools，andreportstheexistenceofthemissionoverawidearea。HewritesfromCalcuttaon24thMay1811：——

"AyearagoweopenedafreeschoolinCalcutta。Thisyearweaddedtoitaschoolforgirls。Therearenowinitabout140boysandnear40girls。Oneofourdeacons，Mr。Leonard，amostvaluableandactiveman，superintendstheboys，andaverypiouswoman，amemberofthechurch，isoverthegirls。TheInstitutionmeetswithconsiderableencouragement，andisconducteduponLancaster\'splan。

WemeditateanotherforinstructionofHindooyouthsintheSanskritlanguage，designing，however，tointroducethestudyoftheSanskritBibleintoit；indeeditisasgoodasbegun；itwillbeinCalcutta。BybrotherandsisterMarshman\'sencouragementtherearetwoschoolsinourownpremisesatSeramporeforthegratuitousinstructionofyouthofbothsexes，supportedandmanagedwhollybythemaleandfemalescholarsinourownschool。Theseyoungpersonsappeartoenterwithpleasureintotheplan，contributetheirmoneytoitssupport，andgiveinstructioninturnstothechildrenofthesefreeschools。Itrustweshallbeabletoenlargethisplan，andtospreaditsinfluencefaraboutthecountry。OurbrethrenintheIslesofFranceandBourbonseemtobedoinggood；someofthemaregonetoMadagascar，and，asiftoshowthatDivineProvidencewatchesoverthem，theshiponwhichtheywentwaswreckedsoonaftertheyhadlandedfromit。AnumberofourmembersarenowgonetoJava；Itrusttheirgoingthitherwillnotbeinvain。BrotherChamberlainis，erethis，arrivedatAgra……WepreacheveryweekintheFortandinthepublicprison，bothinEnglishandBengali。"

CareyhadnotbeensixmonthsatSeramporewhenhesawtheimportanceofusingtheEnglishlanguageasamissionaryweapon，andheproposedthistoAndrewFuller。TheotherpressingdutiesofapioneermissiontothepeopleofBengalledhimtopostponeimmediateactioninthisdirection；weshallhaveoccasiontotracetheEnglishinfluenceofthepressandthecollegehereafter。Butmeanwhilethevernacularschools，whichsoonnumberedahundredaltogether，weremostpopular，andthenasnowprovedmostvaluablefeedersoftheinfantChurch。Withoutthem，wrotethethreemissionariestotheSociety，"thewholeplanmusthavebeennippedinthebud，since，ifthenativeshadnotcheerfullysenttheirchildren，everythingelsewouldhavebeenuseless。Buttheearnestnesswithwhichtheyhavesoughttheseschoolsexceedseverythingwehadpreviouslyexpected。Wearestillconstantlyimportunedformoreschools，althoughwehavelonggonebeyondtheextentofourfunds。"Itwaswellthatthusearly，inschools，inbooksandtracts，andinprovidingtheliteraryformandapparatusofthevernacularlanguages，Careylaidthefoundationofthenewnationalorimperialcivilisation。WhenthetimeforEnglishcame，thefoundationswereatleastabovetheground。Laiddeepandstrongintheverynatureofthepeople，thestructurehasthusfarpromisedtobenationalratherthanforeign，thoughraisedbyforeignhands，whilemarkedbythetruthandthepurityofitsWesternarchitects。

ThemanifestationofChristtotheBengaleescouldnotbemadewithoutrousingthehateandtheoppositionofthevestedinterestsofBrahmanism。SolongasCareywasanindigoplanteraswellasaproselytiserinDinapoorandMaldahemetwithnoopposition，forhehadnodirectsuccess。Butwhen，fromSerampore，heandtheothers，byvoice，bypress，byschool，byhealingthesickandvisitingthepoor，carriedonthecrusadedaybydaywiththegentlepersistencyofalawofnature，thecrybegan。Andwhen，bythebreakingofcasteandthedenialofKrishna\'sChristiandaughterGolooktotheHindootowhomshehadbeenbetrothedfrominfancy，theBrahmansbegandimlytoapprehendthatnotonlytheircraftbutthewholestructureofsocietywasmenaced，thecrybecamelouder，and，asinEphesusofold，anappealwasmadetothemagistratesagainstthemenwhowereturningtheworldupsidedown。AtfirsttheveryboystauntedthemissionariesinthestreetswiththenameofJesusChrist。Then，afterKrishnaandhisfamilyhadbrokencaste，theywereseizedbyamobandhurriedbeforetheDanishmagistrate，whoatfirstrefusedtohandoveraChristiangirltoaheathen，andgaveherfatheraguardtopreventherfrombeingmurdered，untiltheCalcuttamagistratedecidedthatshemustjoinherhusbandbutwouldbeprotectedintheexerciseofhernewfaith。Thecommotionspreadoverthewholedensely-peopleddistrict。ButthepeoplewerenotwiththeBrahmans，andtheexcitementsentmanyasin-ladeninquirertoSeramporefromagreatdistance。"ThefireisnowalreadykindledforwhichourRedeemerexpressedhisstrongdesire，"

wroteCareytoRylandinMarch1801。AyearlaterheusedthislanguagetohisoldfriendMorrisatClipstonevillage：——"IthinkthereissuchafermentationraisedinBengalbythelittleleaven，thatthereisahopeofthewholelumpbydegreesbeingleavened。

Godiscarryingonhiswork；andthoughitgoesforward，yetnoonecansaywhoistheinstrument。Doubtless，variousmeanscontributetowardsit；butoflatetheprintinganddispersingofNewTestamentsandsmalltractsseemtohavethegreatesteffect。"

InaspirittheoppositeofJonah\'sthewholebrotherhood，thenconsistingofthethree，ofCarey\'ssonFelix，andofanewmissionary，Chamberlain，senthomethisreviewoftheirpositionatthecloseof1804：——

"Wearestillahappy，healthful，andhighlyfavouredfamily。Butthoughwewouldfeelincessantgratitudeforthesegourds，yetwewouldnotfeelcontentunlessNinevehbebroughttorepentance。Wedidnotcomeintothiscountrytobeplacedinwhatarecalledeasycircumstancesrespectingthisworld；andwetrustthatnothingbutthesalvationofsoulswillsatisfyus。True，beforewesetoff，wethoughtwecoulddiecontentifweshouldbepermittedtoseethehalfofwhatwehavealreadyseen；yetnowweseemalmostasfarfromthemarkofourmissionaryhighcallingasever。Ifthreemillionsofmenweredrowning，hemustbeamonsterwhoshouldbecontentwithsavingoneindividualonly；thoughforthedeliveranceofthatonehewouldfindcauseforperpetualgratitude。"

In1810theparentmissionatSeramporehadsospreadintonumerousstationsanddistrictsthataneworganisationbecamenecessary。

Therewere300converts，ofwhom105hadbeenaddedinthatyear。

"Didyouexpecttoseethiseighteenyearsago？"wroteMarshmantotheSociety。"ButwhatmaywenotexpectifGodcontinuestoblessusinyearstocome？"MarshmanforgothowCareyhad，in1792，toldthemontheinspiredevangelicalprophet\'sauthorityto"expectgreatthingsfromGod。"Henceforththeonemissionbecamefivefoldforatime。

CHAPTERVII

CALCUTTAANDTHEMISSIONCENTRESFROMDELHITOAMBOYNA

1802-1817

TheEastIndiaCompanyanunwillingpartnerofCarey——CalcuttaopenedtotheMissionbyhisappointmentasGovernmentteacherofBengali——Meetingof1802growsintotheLallBazaarmission——Christ-likeworkamongthepoor，thesick，theprisoners，thesoldiersandsailorsandthenatives——KrishnaPalfirstnativemissionaryinCalcutta——Organisationofsubordinatestations——Carey\'s"UnitedMissionsinIndia"——Themissionarystaffthirtystrong——Thenativemissionaries——TheBengalichurchself-propagating——Careythepioneerofothermissionaries——Benares——BurmaandIndo-China——FelixCarey——Instructionstomissionaries——Themissionaryshrivelledintoanambassador——AdoniramandAnnJudson——JabezCarey——MissiontoAmboyna——RemarkableletterfromCareytohisthirdson。

Theshort-sightedregulationoftheEastIndiaCompany，whichdreamedthatitcouldkeepChristianityoutofBengalbyshuttingupthemissionarieswithinthelittleterritoryofDanishSerampore，couldnotbeenforcedwiththesameeaseastheorderofajailer。

UnderDanishpassports，andoftenwithoutthem，missionarytoursweremadeoverCentralBengal，aidedbyitsnetworkofrivers。

EveryprintedBengalileafofScriptureorpureliteraturewasamissionary。Everynewconvert，eventhewomen，becameanapostletotheirpeople，andsuchcouldnotbestopped。Gradually，asnotonlytheinnocencybutthepositivepoliticalusefulnessofthemissionaries\'characterandworkcametoberecognisedbythelocalauthorities，theywereletaloneforatime。Andsoon，bythesamehistoricironywhichhasmarkedsomanyofthegreatestreforms——"Hethatsittethintheheavensshalllaugh"——theGovernmentofIndiabecame，thoughunwittingly，moreofamissionaryagencythantheBaptistSocietyitself。TheonlyteacherofBengalwhocouldbefoundforLordWellesley\'snewCollegeofFortWilliamwasWilliamCarey。Theappointment，madeandacceptedwithouttheslightestprejudicetohisaggressivespiritualdesignsandwork，atonceopenedCalcuttaitselfforthefirsttimetotheEnglishproselytisingofnatives，andsuppliedCareywiththeonlymeansyetlackingforthetranslationoftheScripturesintoallthelanguagesofthefartherEast。InspiteofitsownselfishfearstheCompanybecameaprincipalpartnerintheChristianisationofIndiaandChina。

>Fromthemiddleoftheyear1801andforthenextthirtyyearsCareyspentasmuchofhistimeinthemetropolisasinSerampore。HewasgenerallyroweddowntheeighteenmilesofthewindingrivertoCalcuttaatsunsetonMondayeveningandreturnedonFridaynighteveryweek，workingalwaysbytheway。AtfirsthepersonallyinfluencedtheBengalitradersandyouthswhoknewEnglish，andhereadwithmanysuchtheEnglishBible。Hischaplainfriends，BrownandBuchanan，withthecatholicitybornoftheirpresbyterianandevangelicaltraining，sharedhissympathywiththehundredsofpoormixedChristiansforwhomSt。John\'sandeventheMissionChurchmadenoprovision，andencouragedhimtocareforthem。In1802hebeganaweeklymeetingforprayerandconversationinthehouseofMr。Rolt，andanotherforamoreignorantclassinthehouseofaPortugueseChristian。By1803hewasabletowritetoFuller："WehaveopenedaplaceofworshipinCalcutta，wherewehavepreachingtwiceonLord\'sdayinEnglish，onWednesdayeveninginBengali，andonThursdayeveninginEnglish。"HetookalltheworkduringtheweekandtheSundayserviceinrotationwithhisbrethren。Thefirstchurchwasthehallofawell-knownundertaker，approachedthroughlinesofcoffinsandthetrappingsofwoe。IntimemostoftheevangelicalChristiansinthecitypromisedtorelievethemissionariesoftheexpenseiftheywouldbuildanunsectarianchapelmoreworthyoftheobject。ThiswasdoneinLallBazaar，alittlewithdrawnfromthatthoroughfaretothisdayofthepoorandabandonedChristians，ofthesailorsandsoldiersonleave，oftheliquor-shopsandthestews。There，asinSerampore，atatimewhenthenoblehospitalsofCalcuttawerenot，andthechildrenofonlythe"services"werecaredfor，"BrotherCareygavethemmedicinefortheirbodiesandthebestmedicinefortheirpoorsouls，"asacontemporarywidowdescribesit。Thesitealonecostsomuch——athousandpounds——thatonlyamatchapelcouldbebuilt。Marshmanraisedanother？100intendays，andafterdelayscausedbythepoliceGovernmentsanctionedthebuildingwhichCareyopenedonSunday，1stJanuary1809。Butheandhiscolleagues"notepiscopallyordained"wereforbiddentopreachtoBritishsoldiersandtotheArmeniansandPortuguese。"Carey\'sBaptistChapel"isnowitsname。Herewasfornearlyawholegenerationasublimespectacle——theNorthamptonshireshoemakertrainingthegoverningclassofIndiainSanskrit，Bengali，andMarathiallday，andtranslatingtheRamayanaandtheVeda，andthen，whenthesunwentdown，returningtothesocietyof"themaimed，thehalt，andtheblind，andmanywiththeleprosy，"topreachinseveraltonguesthegladtidingsoftheKingdomtotheheathenofEnglandaswellasofIndia，andallwithalovingtendernessandpatienthumilitylearnedinthechildlikeschoolofHimwhosaid，"WistyenotthatImustbeaboutmyFather\'sbusiness？"

Streetpreachingwasaddedtotheapostolicagencies，andforthisprudencedictatedrecoursetotheAsiaticandEurasianconverts。WefindthemissionarieswritingtotheSocietyatthebeginningof1807，afterthemutinyatVellore，occasionedascertainlybythehatliketurbanthenordered，asthemutinyofBengalhalfacenturyafterwasbythegreasedcartridges：——

"WenowreturntoCalcutta；not，however，withoutasigh。Howcanweavoidsighingwhenwethinkofthenumberofperishingsoulswhichthiscitycontains，andrecollectthemultitudeswhousedoflatetohanguponourlips；standinginthethick-wedgedcrowdforhourstogether，intheheatofaBengalsummer，listeningtothewordoflife！Wefeelthankful，however，thatnothinghasbeenfoundagainstus，exceptinthemattersofourGod。ConsciousofthemostcordialattachmenttotheBritishGovernment，andoftheliveliestinterestinitswelfare，wemightwellendurereproachwereitcastuponus；butthetongueofcalumnyitselfhasnottoourknowledgebeensufferedtobringtheslightestaccusationagainstus。WestillworshipatCalcuttainaprivatehouse，andourcongregationratherincreases。Wearegoingonwiththechapel。

AfamilyofArmeniansalso，whofounditpleasanttoattenddivineworshipintheBengalilanguage，haveerectedasmallplaceontheirpremisesforthesakeofthenatives。"

KrishnaPalbecamethefirstnativemissionarytoCalcutta，wherehein1810hadpreachedatfourteendifferentplaceseveryweek，andvisitedforty-onefamilies，toevangelisetheservantsofthericherandbringinthemembersofthepoorer。SebukRamwasaddedtothestaff。Careyhimselfthussumsupthelaboursoftheyear1811，whenhewasstilltheonlypastoroftheChristianpoor，andtheonlyresidentmissionarytohalfamillionofnatives：——

"Calcuttaisthreemileslongandonebroad，verypopulous；theenvironsarecrowdedwithpeoplesettledinlargevillages，resembling(forpopulation，notelegance)theenvironsofBirmingham。Thefirstisaboutamilesouthofthecity；atnearlythesamedistancearethepublicjailandthegeneralhospital。

BrotherGordon，oneofourdeacons，beingthejailerwepreachthereinEnglisheveryLord\'sday。WedidpreachintheFort；butoflateamilitaryorderhasstoppedus。KrishnaandSebukRam，however，preachonceortwiceaweekintheFortnotwithstanding；

alsoatthejail；inthehouseofcorrection；atthevillageofAlipore，southofthejail；atalargefactorynorthofthecity，whereseveralhundredsareemployed；andattenortwelvehousesindifferentpartsofthecityitself。InseveralinstancesRomanCatholics，havingheardtheword，haveinvitedthemtotheirhouses，andhavingcollectedtheirneighbours，theoneortheotherhavereceivedthewordwithgladness。

"Thenumberofinquirersconstantlycomingforward，awakenedbytheinstrumentalityofthesebrethren，fillsmewithjoy。IdonotknowthatIamofmuchusemyself，butIseeaworkwhichfillsmysoulwiththankfulness。Nothavingtimetovisitthepeople，I

appropriateeveryThursdayeveningtoreceivingthevisitsofinquirers。Seldomfewerthantwentycome；andthesimpleconfessionsoftheirsinfulstate，theunvarnisheddeclarationoftheirformerignorance，theexpressionsoftrustinChristandgratitudetohim，withtheaccountsoftheirspiritualconflictsoftenattendedwithtearswhichalmostchoketheirutterance，presentsasceneofwhichyoucanscarcelyentertainanadequateidea。Atthesametime，meetingsforprayerandmutualedificationareheldeverynightintheweek；andsomenights，forconvenience，atseveralplacesatthesametime：sothatthesacredleavenspreadsitsinfluencethroughthemass。"

OnhisvoyagetoIndiaCareyhaddeliberatelycontemplatedthetimewhentheSocietyhehadfoundedwouldinfluencenotonlyAsia，butAfrica，andhewouldsupplythepeoplesofAsiawiththeScripturesintheirowntongues。Thetimehadcomeby1804fororganisingtheonwardmovement，andhethusdescribesittoRyland：——

"14thDecember1803——Anotherplanhaslatelyoccupiedourattention。ItappearsthatourbusinessistoprovidematerialsforspreadingtheGospel，andtoapplythosematerials。Translations，pamphlets，etc。，arethematerials。Toapplythemwehavethoughtofsettingupanumberofsubordinatestations，ineachofwhichabrothershallbefixed。Itwillbenecessaryandusefultocarryonsomeworldlybusiness。Lethimbefurnishedfromuswithasumofmoneytobeginandpurchaseclothorwhateverotherarticlethepartproducesingreatestperfection：thewholetobelongtothemission，andnoparteventobeprivatetradeorprivateproperty。Thegainsmayprobablysupportthestation。Everybrotherinsuchastationtohaveoneortwonativebrethrenwithhim，andtodoallhecantopreach，andspreadBibles，pamphlets，etc。，andtosetupandencourageschoolswherethereadingoftheScripturesshallbeintroduced。AtleastfourbrethrenshallalwaysresideatSerampore，whichmustbeliketheheartwhiletheotherstationsarethemembers。EachonemustconstantlysendamonthlyaccountofbothspiritualsandtemporalstoSerampore，andthebrethrenatSerampore(whomusthaveapowerofcontroloverthestations)mustsendamonthlyaccountlikewisetoeachstation，withadvice，etc。，asshallbenecessary。Aplanofthissortappearstobemoreformidablethanitisinreality。Tofindproperpersonswillbethegreatestdifficulty；butasitwillpreventmuchofthatabrasionwhichmayarisefromagreatnumberofpersonslivinginonehouse，soitwillgiveseveralbrethrenanopportunityofbeinguseful，whosetempermaynotbeformedtoliveinacommonfamily，andatthesametimeconnectthemasmuchtothebodyasiftheyalllivedtogether。Wehavejudgedthatabout2000rupeeswilldotobeginateachplace，anditisprobablethatGodwillenableustofindmoney(especiallyifassistedinthetranslationsandprintingbyourbrethreninEngland)asfastasyouwillbeabletofindmen。