第9章

WehavealreadyseenhowtheimmediateresultofCarey\'searlyletterswasthefoundationonacatholicbasisoftheLondonMissionarySociety，whichnowrepresentsthegreatNonconformisthalfofEngland；oftheEdinburghorScottishandGlasgowSocieties，throughwhichthePresbyterianssentforthmissionariestoWestandSouthAfricaandtoWesternIndia，untiltheirchurchesactedassuch；oftheChurchMissionarySocietywhichtheevangelicalmembersoftheChurchofEnglandhaveputinthefrontofallthesocieties；

andofRobertHaldane\'ssplendidself-sacrificeinsellingallthathehadtoleadalargePresbyterianmissiontoHindostan。Soon(1797)theLondonSocietybecametheparentofthatoftheNetherlands，andofthatwhichisoneofthemostextensiveinChristendom，theAmericanBoardofCommissionersforForeignMissions。Thelatter，reallyfounded(1810)byJudsonandsomeofhisfellow-students，gavebirth(1814)tothealmostequallygreatAmericanBaptistUnionwhenJudsonandhiscolleaguebecameBaptists，andtheformerwassentbyCareytoBurma。TheReligiousTractSociety(1799)，andtheBritishandForeignBibleSociety(1804)——eachahandmaidofthemissionaryagencies——sprangasreallythoughlessdirectlyfromCarey\'saction。SuchorganisedeffortstobringinheathenandMohammedanpeoplesledin1809totheatfirstcatholicworkbegunbytheLondonSocietyforpromotingChristianityamongtheJews。TheolderWesleyanMethodistandGospelPropagationSocieties，catchingtheenthusiasmasCareysucceededinopeningIndiaandtheEast，enteredonanewdevelopmentunderwhichtheformerin1813，andthelatterin1821，nolongerconfinedtheiroperationstotheslavesofAmericaandtheEnglishofthedispersioninthecoloniesanddependenciesofGreatBritain。In1815LutheranGermanyalso，whichhadcastoutthePietistsandtheMoravianbrethrenastheChurchofEnglandhadrejectedtheWesleyans，foundedtheprincipalrepresentativeofitsevangelicalismatBasel。ThesucceedingyearsuptoCarey\'sdeathsawsimilarmissionarycentresformed，orreorganised，inLeipzig(1819)，Berlin(1823)，andBremen(1836)。23

ThePeriodicalAccountssenthomefromMudnabatiandSerampore，beginningatthecloseof1794，andtheMonthlyCircularLettersafter1807，gavebirthnotonlytothesegreatmissionarymovementsbuttothenewandnowfamiliarclassofforeignmissionaryperiodicals。Thefewmagazinesthenexisting，liketheEvangelical，becamefilledwithanewspiritofearnestaggressiveness。In1796

thereappearedinEdinburghTheMissionaryMagazine，"aperiodicalpublicationintendedasarepositoryofdiscussionandintelligencerespectingtheprogressoftheGospelthroughouttheworld。"TheeditorsclosetheirprefaceinJanuary1797withthisstatement：——"Withmuchpleasuretheyhavelearnedthattherewasneveragreaternumberofreligiousperiodicalpublicationscarriedonthanatpresent，andneverwereanyofthemmoregenerallyread。

TheaggregateimpressionofthosealonewhichareprintedinBritaineverymonthconsiderablyexceedsthirtythousand。"ThefirstarticleutilisesthefactssenthomebyDr。Careyasthefruitofhisfirsttwoyears\'experience，toshow"ThePeculiarAdvantagesofBengalasaFieldforMissionsfromGreatBritain。"Afterdescribing，inthestyleofanEnglishstatesman，theimmensepopulation，thehighlycivilisedstateofsociety，theeagernessofthenativesintheacquisitionofknowledge，andtheprincipleswhichtheHindoosandMohammedansholdincommonwithChristians，thewriterthuscontinues：——

"TheattachmentofboththeMohammedansandHindoostotheirancientsystemsislesseningeveryday。WehavethisinformationfromthelateSirWilliamJones，oneoftheJudgesofthatcountry，anamedeartoliterature，andaloverofthereligionofJesus。TheMussulmansinHindostanareingeneralbutlittleacquaintedwiththeirsystem，andbynomeanssozealousforitastheirbrethrenintheTurkishandPersianempires。Besides，theyhavenotthestrongarmofcivilauthoritytocrushthosewhowouldconvertthem。Mr。

Carey\'slettersseemtointimatethesamerelaxationamongtheHindoos。Thisdecayofprejudiceandbigotrywillatleastinclinethemtolistenwithmorepatience，andamildertemper，tothedoctrinesandevidencesoftheChristianreligion。Thedegreeofadhesiontotheircastes，whichstillremains，iscertainlyunfavourable，andmustbeconsideredasoneofSatan\'sartstorendermenunhappy；butitisnotinsuperable。TheRomanCatholicshavegainedmyriadsofconvertsfromamongthem。TheDanishmissionariesrecordtheirthousandstoo：andone(Schwartz)ofthemostsuccessfulmissionariesatpresentintheworldislabouringinthesouthernpartofHindostan。Besidesaveryconsiderablenumberwhohavethrownasidetheiroldsuperstition，andmakeaprofessionoftheChristianreligion，hecomputesthat，inthecourseofhisministry，hehasbeentheinstrumentofsavinglyconvertingtwothousandpersonstothefaithofChrist。Ofthese，abovefivehundredareMohammedans：therestarefromamongthedifferentcastesoftheHindoos。Inadditiontotheseinstances，itispropertonoticetheattentionwhichtheHindoosarepayingtothetwoBaptistmissionaries，andwhichgivesafavourablespecimenoftheirreadinesstolistentothepreachingoftheGospel……

"Reflect，OdiscipleofJesus！onwhathasbeenpresentedtothyview。ThecauseofChrististhyowncause。Withoutdeepcriminalitythoucanstnotbeindifferenttoitssuccess。Rejoicethatsodelightfulafieldofmissionshasbeendiscoveredandexhibited。Rousethyselffromtheslumbersofspirituallanguor。

Exertthyselftotheutmostofthypower；andletconsciencebeabletotestify，withoutadoubt，evenatthetribunalofJesusChrist，IfmissionariesarenotspeedilysenttopreachshegloriousGospelinBengal，itshallnotbeowingtome。"

ThatisremarkablewritingforanEdinburghmagazineintheyear1797，anditwasCareywhomadeitpossible。Itsauthorfolloweduptheappealbyofferinghimselfandhisall，forlifeanddeath，ina"PlanoftheMissiontoBengal，"whichappearedintheAprilnumber。

RobertHaldane，whosejournalatthistimewasfullofCarey\'sdoings，andhisordainedassociates，Bogue，Innes，andGrevilleEwing，accompaniedbyJohnRitchieasprinter，JohnCampbellascatechist，andotherlayworkers，determinedtoturntheverycentreofHindooism，Benares，intoasecondSerampore。DefeatedbyonesetofDirectorsoftheEastIndiaCompany，hewaitedfortheelectionoftheirsuccessors，onlytofindtheEastIndiaCompanyashostiletotheScottishgentlemanastheyhadbeentotheEnglishshoemakerfouryearsbefore。

TheformationofthegreatMissionaryandBibleSocietiesdidnot，asinthecaseoftheMoravianBrethrenandtheWesleyans，taketheirmembersoutoftheChurchesofEnglandandScotland，oftheBaptistsandIndependents。Itsuppliedineachcaseanexecutivethroughwhichtheyworkedaggressivelynotonlyonthenon-christianworld，butstillmoredirectlyontheirownhomecongregationsandparishes。Theforeignmissionspiritdirectlygavebirthtothehomemissiononanextensivescale。NotmerelydidtheHaldanesandtheiragents，followingWhitefieldandtheScottishSecessionof1733，becometheevangelistsofthenorthwhentheywerenotsufferedtopreachtheGospelinSouthAsia；everymemberofthechurchesofGreatBritainandAmerica，ashecaughttheenthusiasmofhumanity，intheMaster\'ssense，fromtheperiodicalaccountssenthomefromSerampore，andsoonfromAfricaandtheSouthSeas，aswellasfromtheRedIndiansandSlavesoftheWest，begantoworkasearnestlyamongtheneglectedclassesaroundhim，astoprayandgivefortheconversionofthepeoplesabroad。Fromfirsttolast，fromtheearlydaysoftheMoravianinfluenceonWesleyandWhitefield，andthelettersofCarey，tothesuccessivevisitstothehomechurchesofmissionarieslikeDuffandJudson，EllisandWilliams，MoffatandLivingstone，itistheenterpriseofforeignmissionswhichhasbeentheleavenofChristendomnolessreallythanoftherestoftheworld。Doesthefactthatatthecloseoftheyear1796thereweremorethanthirtythousandmenandwomeninGreatBritainwhoeverymonthreadandprayedaboutthethenlittleknownworldofheathenism，andsparednottheirbesttobringthatworldtotheChristwhomtheyhadfound，seemasmallthing？Howmuchsmaller，eventocontemptibleinsignificance，mustthosewhothinksoconsiderthearrivalofWilliamCareyinCalcuttatobethreeyearsbefore！Yetthethirtythousandsprangfromtheone，andto-daythethirtythousandhaveavastbodyofChristiansreallyobedienttotheMaster，insofaras，bandedtogetherinfivehundredchurchesandsocieties，theyhavesentouteighteenthousandmissionariesinsteadofoneortwo；theyseeeightythousandAsiatics，Africans，andPolynesiansproclaimingtheChristtotheircountrymen，andtheirprayingistestedbytheirgivingannuallyasumof？，000，000，towhicheveryyearisadding。

TheinfluenceofCareyandhisworkonindividualmenandwomeninhisgenerationwasevenmoremarked，inasmuchashishumilitykepthimsooftenfrommagnifyinghisofficeandglorifyingGodastheexampleofPaulshouldhaveencouragedhimtodo。Mostimportantofallforthecause，hepersonallycalledWardtobehisassociate，andhiswritingsdrewDr。andMrs。Marshmantohisside，whilehisapostoliccharitysodevelopedandusedallthatwasgoodinThomasandFountain，thatnoteveninthechurchesofJohnandJames，PeterandPaul，BarnabasandLuke，wastheresuchabrotherhood。Whentroublescamefromoutsidehewontohimselftheyoungerbrethren，YatesandPearce，andhealedhalftheschismwhichAndrewFuller\'ssuccessorsmade。HisEnquiry，followed"byactuallyembarkingonamissiontoIndia，"ledtothepublicationoftheLettersonMissionsaddressedtotheProtestantMinistersoftheBritishChurchesbyMelvilleHorne，who，afterabriefexperienceasChurchofEnglandchaplaininZacharyMacaulay\'ssettlementofSierraLeone，publishedthatlittlebooktoexciteinallChristiansapassionformissionsliketheMaster\'s。ReferringtotheEnglishchurches，EstablishedandNonconformist，hewrote：——"ExcepttheReverendMr。Careyandafriendwhoaccompanieshim，Iamnotinformedofany……ministerswhoareengagedinmissions。"SuchwastheimpressionmadebyCareyonJohnNewtonthat，in1802，herebukedhisoldcurate，ClaudiusBuchanan，fordepreciatingtheSeramporemissionaries，adding，"Idonotlookformiracles，butifGodweretoworkoneinourday，I

shouldnotwonderifitwereinfavourofDr。Carey。"

TheSeramporeMission，atanearlyperiod，calledforththeadmirationoftheScottishphilanthropistandessayist，JamesDouglasofCavers，whoseHintsonMissions(1822)，abookstillfullofsuggestiveness，containsthispassage：——"Educationandthepresshaveonlybeenemployedtopurposeofverylateyears，especiallybythemissionariesofSerampore；everyyeartheyhavebeenmakingsomeimprovementsupontheirformerefforts，and……itonlyrequirestoincreasethenumberofprintingpresses，schools，teachers，translators，andprofessors，toacceleratetoanypitchtherateofimprovement……Toattempttoconverttheworldwithouteducatingit，isgraspingattheendandneglectingthemeans。"ReferringtowhatCareyhadbegunandtheSeramporeCollegehadhelpedtodevelopinAsia，asinAfricaandAmerica，DouglasofCaverswelldescribedthemissionaryera，thenewcrusade：——"TheReformationitselfneededanewareforminthespiritifnotintheletter。ThatsecondReformationhasbegun；itmakeslessnoisethanthatofLuther，butitspreadswideranddeeper；asitismoreintimateitwillbemoreenduring。LiketheTempleofSolomon，itisrisingsilently，withoutthedinofpressureorthenoteofpreviouspreparation，butnotwithstandingitwillbenotlesscompleteinallitspartsnorlessabletoresisttheinjuriesoftime！"

HenryMartyndied，perhapstheloftiestandmostlovingspiritofthemenwhomCareydrewtoIndia。SonofaCornishminer-captain，afterpassingthroughtheTruroGrammarSchool，hewassixteen——theageatwhichCareybecameashoemaker\'sapprentice——whenhewasenteredatSt。John\'s，andmadethateversincethemostmissionaryofallthecollegesofCambridge。WhennotyettwentyhecameoutSeniorWrangler。Hisfather\'sdeathdrovehimtotheBible，totheActsoftheApostles，whichhebegantostudy，andthefirstwhisperofthecallofChristcametohiminthejoyoftheMagnificatasitsstrainspealedthroughthechapel。CharlesSimeon\'spreachingdrewhimtoTrinityChurch。Inthevicarage，whenhehadcometobetutorofhiscollege，andwaspreparingforthelaw，heheardmuchtalkofWilliamCarey，ofhisself-sacrificeandhissuccessinIndia。Itwastheopeningyearofthenineteenthcentury，theChurchMissionarySocietyhadjustbeenbornasthefruitpartlyofapaperwrittenbySimeonfouryearspreviously，andheofferedhimselfasitsfirstEnglishmissionary。Hewasnottwenty-one，hecouldnotbeordainedfortwoyears。Meanwhileacalamitymadehimandhisunmarriedsisterpenniless；helovedLydiaGrenfellwithapurepassionwhichenrichedwhileitsaddenedhisshortlife，andachaplaincybecamethebestmodeineverywayofhislivinganddyingforIndia。WhatameetingmustthathavebeenbetweenhimandCareywhen，alreadystrickenbyfever，hefoundasanctuaryinAldeen，andlearnedatSeramporethesweetnessoftellingtothenativesofIndiainoneoftheirowntonguestheloveofGod。WilliamCareyandHenryMartynwereoneinorigin，fromthepeople；inindustry，asscholars；ingenius，asGod-devoted；intheloveofagreatheartnotalwaysreturned。TheoldermanleftthechurchofhisfathersbecausetherewasnoSimeonandnomissionarysociety，andhemadehisownuniversity；helaidthefoundationofEnglishmissionsdeepandbroadinnosectbutinChrist，towhomheandMartynalikegavethemselves。

ThenamesofCareyandSimeon，thuslinkedtoeachotherbyMartyn，findanotherpleasantandfruitfultieintheRev。AlexanderStewart，D。D。，GaelicscholarandScottishpreacher。ItwassoonafterCareywentouttoIndiathatSimeon，travellingintheHighlands，spentaSundayinthemanseofMoulin，wherehispersonalintercourseandhiseveningsermonafteraseasonofCommunionwereblessedtotheevangelicalenlightenmentofStewart。MoulinwasthebirthplacetenyearsafterofAlexanderDuff，whoseparentspreviouslycameunderthepoweroftheminister\'snew-foundlight。24

LikeSimeon，Dr。Stewartthenceforthbecameawarmsupporterofforeignmissions。FindinginthePeriodicalAccountsaletterinwhichCareyaskedFullertosendhimacopyofVanderHooght\'seditionoftheHebrewBiblebecauseoftheweaknessofhiseyesight，Dr。Stewartatoncewroteofferinghisowncopy。Fullergladlyacceptedthekindness。"Iwithgreatpleasure，"writesDr。Stewart，"followedthedirection，wrotealetterofsomelengthtoCarey，andsentoffmyparceltoLondon。IdaresayyouremembermyfavouriteHebrewBibleintwovolumes。Ipartedwithitwithsomethingofthesamefeelingsthatapiousparentmightdowithafavouritesongoingonamissiontotheheathen——withalittleregretbutwithmuchgoodwill。"ThiswasthebeginningofaninterestingcorrespondencewithCareyandFuller。

NexttoAndrewFuller，andintheregionofliterature，generalcultureandeloquencebeforehim，thestrongestmenamongtheBaptistsweretheyoungerRobertHallandJohnFoster。BothweredevotedtoCarey，andwerethemostpowerfuloftheEnglishadvocatesofhismission。Theformer，foratime，wasledtosidewiththeSocietyinsomeofthedetailsofitsdisputewithDr。

Marshman，buthisloyaltytoCareyandtheprinciplesofthemissionfiredsomeofthemosteloquentorationsinEnglishliterature。

JohnFoster\'sshrewdercommonsenseneverwavered，butinspiredhispenalikeintheheatofcontroversyandinhispowerfulessaysandcriticisms。Writingin1828，hedeclaredthattheSeramporemissionaries"havelabouredwiththemostearnestassiduityforaquarterofacentury(Dr。Careymuchlonger)inallmannerofundertakingsforpromotingChristianity，withsucharenunciationofself-interestaswillneverbesurpassed；thattheyhaveconveyedtheoraclesofdivinetruthintosomanylanguages；thattheyhavewatchedoverdiversifiedmissionaryoperationswithunremittingcare；thattheyhaveconductedthemselvesthroughmanytryingandsomeperilouscircumstanceswithprudenceandfortitude；andthattheyretaintothishouranundiminishedzealtodoallthatprovidenceshallenabletheminthesamegoodcause。"TheexpenditureoftheSeramporeBrotherhooduptothattime，leavingoutofaccountthemiscellaneousmissionaryservices，heshowedtohavebeenupwardsof？5，000。Dr。ChalmersinScotlandwasasstoutlywithCareyandhisbrethrenasFosterwasinEngland，sothatMarshmanwrote：——"ThustwoofthegreatestandwisestmenofEnglandareonourside，and，whatismore，ItrusttheLordGodiswithus。"WhatHeberthought，alikeasmanandbishop，hisownlovingletterandproposalfor"reunionofourchurches"inthenextchapterwillshow。

OfallthepublicistsintheUnitedKingdomduringCarey\'slongcareertheforemostwasWilliamWilberforce；hewasnotsecondeventoCharlesGrantandhissons。Defeatedincarryingintolawthe"piousclauses"ofthecharterwhichwouldhaveopenedIndiatotheChristianmissionaryandschoolmasterin1793，heneverthelesssucceededbyhispersuasiveeloquenceandtheweightofhischaracterinhavingthementeredasResolutionsoftheHouseofCommons。Hethengavehimselfsuccessfullytotheabolitionoftheslave-trade。ButhealwaysdeclaredthetolerationofChristianityinBritishIndiatobe"thatgreatestofallcauses，forIreallyplaceitbeforetheabolition，inwhich，blessedbeGod，wegainedthevictory。"Hisdefeatin1793，whenDundasandtheGovernmentwerewithhim，wasduetotheapathyofpublicopinion，andespeciallyofthedumbchurches。ButinthenexttwentyyearsCareychangedallthat。NotmerelywasAndrewFullereveronthewatchwithpenandvoice，butallthechurcheswereroused，theEstablishedtosendoutbishopsandchaplains，theNonconformistandEstablishedEvangelicalstogethertosecurefreedomformissionariesandschoolmasters。In1793anEnglishmissionarywasanunknownandthereforeamuch-dreadedmonster，forCareywasthenonthesea。In1813CareyandtheSeramporeBrotherhoodwerestilltheonlyEnglishmissionariescontinuouslyatworkinIndia，andnotthechurchesonly，butgovernor-generalslikeTeignmouthandWellesley，andscholarslikeColebrookeandH。H。Wilson，werefamiliarwiththegrandeurandpoliticalinnocencyoftheirlabours。HencethisoutburstofWilberforceintheHouseofCommonsonthe16thJuly1813，whenheusedthenameofCareytodefeatanattemptoftheCompanytopreventtolerationbyomittingthedeclaratoryclausesoftheResolution，whichwouldhavemadeitimplythattheprivilegeshouldneverbeexertedthoughthepoweroflicensingmissionarieswasnominallyconceded。

"Onegreatargumentofhisopponentswasgroundedontheenthusiasticcharacterwhichtheyimputedtothemissionarybody。

IndiahithertohasseennomissionarywhowasamemberoftheEnglishChurch，andimputationscouldbecastmorereadilyon\'Anabaptistsandfanatics。\'TheseattacksMr。Wilberforceindignantlyrefuted，andwellhadthenobleconductofthebandatSeramporedeservedthisvindication。\'Idonotknow，\'heoftensaid，\'afinerinstanceofthemoralsublime，thanthatapoorcobblerworkinginhisstallshouldconceivetheideaofconvertingtheHindoostoChristianity；yetsuchwasDr。Carey。WhyMilton\'splanninghisParadiseLostinhisoldageandblindnesswasnothingtoit。AndthenwhenhehadgonetoIndia，andwasappointedbyLordWellesleytoalucrativeandhonourablestationinthecollegeofFortWilliam，withequalnoblenessofmindhemadeoverallhissalary(between？000and？500perannum)tothegeneralobjectsofthemission。Bytheway，nothingevergavemeamorelivelysenseofthelowandmercenarystandardofyourmenofhonour，thanthemanifesteffectproducedupontheHouseofCommonsbymystatingthislastcircumstance。Itseemedtobetheonlythingwhichmovedthem。\'Dr。Careyhadbeenespeciallyattacked，and\'afewdaysafterwardsthememberwhohadmadethischargecametome，andaskedmeinamannerwhichinanotedduellistcouldnotbemistaken，"Pray，Mr。Wilberforce，doyouknowaMr。AndrewFuller，whohaswrittentodesiremetoretractthestatementwhichImadewithreferencetoDr。Carey？""Yes，"Iansweredwithasmile，"Iknowhimperfectly，butdependuponityouwillmakenothingofhiminyourway；heisarespectableBaptistministeratKettering。"InduetimetherecamefromIndiaanauthoritativecontradictionoftheslander。Itwassenttome，andfortwowholeyearsdidItakeitinmypockettotheHouseofCommonstoreadittotheHousewhenevertheauthoroftheaccusationshouldbepresent；butduringthatwholetimeheneveroncedaredshowhimselfintheHouse。\'"

TheslandererwasaMr。Prendergast，whoaffirmedthatDr。Carey\'sconducthadchangedsomuchfortheworsesincethedepartureofLordWellesley，thathehimselfhadseenthemissionaryonatubinthestreetsofCalcuttaharanguingthemobandabusingthereligionofthepeopleinsuchawaythatthepolicealonesavedhimfrombeingkilled。So，andforthesameobjectofdefeatingtheResolutionsonToleration，Mr。MontgomerieCampbellhadassertedthatwhenSchwartzwasintheheatofhisdiscourseinacertainvillageandhadtakenoffhisstock，"thatandhisgoldbucklewerestolenbyoneofhisvirtuousandenlightenedcongregation；insuchadescriptionofnativesdidthedoctrineofthemissionariesoperate。"BeforeDr。Carey\'sexposurecouldreachEnglandthis"tub"storybecamethestockargumentoftheanti-christianorators。

TheMadrasbarrister，Marsh，whowasputuptoanswerWilberforce，wasdriventosuchlanguageasthis：——

"Yourstrugglesareonlybegunwhenyouhaveconvertedonecaste；

neverwilltheschemeofHindooconversionberealisedtillyoupersuadeanimmensepopulationtosufferbywholetribestheseverestmartyrdomthathasyetbeensustainedforthesakeofreligion——andarethemissionarieswhomthisbillwillletlooseonIndiafitenginesfortheaccomplishmentofthisgreatrevolution？

Willthesepeople，crawlingfromtheholesandcavernsoftheiroriginaldestinations，apostatesfromtheloomandtheanvil——heshouldhavesaidtheawl——andrenegadesfromthelowesthandicraftemployments，beamatchforthecoolandsedatecontroversiestheywillhavetoencountershouldtheBrahmanscondescendtoenterintothearenaagainstthemaimedandcrippledgladiatorsthatpresumetograpplewiththeirfaith？Whatcanbeapprehendedbutthedisgraceanddiscomfitureofwholehostsoftubpreachersintheconflict？"

LordWellesley\'seulogyoftheSeramporemissionintheHouseofLordswasmuchmorepronouncedthanappearsfromtheimperfectreport。ButeveninthatheansweredtheBrahmanisedmemberoftheHouseofCommonsthus：——

"Withregardtothemissionaries，hemustsaythatwhilehewasinIndiaheneverknewofanydangerarisingfromtheirproceedings，neitherhadheheardofanyimpressionproducedbytheminthewayofconversion。ThegreaternumberofthemwereintheDanishsettlementofSerampore；butheneverheardofanyconvulsionsoranyalarmproducedbythem。Someofthem，particularlyMr。Carey，wereverylearnedmen，andhadbeenemployedintheCollegeofFortWilliam。HehadalwaysconsideredthemissionarieswhowereinIndiainhistimeaquiet，orderly，discreet，andlearnedbody；andhehademployedthemintheeducationofyouthandthetranslationoftheScripturesintotheeasternlanguages。HehadthoughtithisdutytohavetheSacredScripturestranslatedintothelanguagesoftheEast，andtogivethelearnednativesemployedinthetranslationtheadvantageofaccesstothesacredfountainofdivinetruth。HethoughtaChristiangovernorcouldnothavedoneless；

andheknewthataBritishgovernoroughtnottodomore。"

Carey\'sletterstoFullerin1810-12arefilledwithimportunateappealstoagitate，sothatthenewchartermightlegaliseChristianmissionworkinIndia。FullerworkedoutsideoftheHouseashardasWilberforce。Ineightweeksofthesessionnofewerthanninehundredpetitionswerepresented，intwentiesandthirties，nightafternight，tillLordCastlereaghexclaimed，"Thisisenough，Mr。

Fuller。"TherewasmorereasonforCarey\'surgencythanheknewatthetimehewaspressingFuller。ThepersecutionofthemissionariesinBengal，excusedbytheVelloremutiny，whichhaddrivenJudsontoBurmaandseveralothermissionarieselsewhere，wasrenewedbytheIndianGovernment\'ssecretariesandpolice。TheMinistryhadinformedtheCourtofDirectorsthattheyhadresolvedtopermitEuropeanstosettleinIndia，yetafterfiveweeks\'

vacillationtheGovernor-Generalyieldedtohissubordinatessofarastoissueanorderon5thMarch1812，fortheexpulsionofthreemissionaries，anorderwhichwassoexecutedthatoneofthemwasconductedlikeafelonthroughthestreetsandlodgedinthenativejailfortwohours。CareythuswrotetoRylandonthepersecution：——

"CALCUTTA，14thApril1813——BeforethisreachesyouitisprobablethatyouwillhaveheardoftheresolutionofGovernmentrespectingourbrethrenJohns，Lawson，andRobinson，andwillperhapshaveevenseenBrotherJohns，whowasbythatcruelordersenthomeontheCastlereagh。GovernmenthaveagreedthatBrotherLawsonshallstaytillthepleasureoftheCourtofDirectorsisknown，towhomareferencewillbemade。BrotherRobinsonwasgonedowntheriver，andwasonboardashipboundtoJavawhentheorderwasissued；hethereforegotoutwithouthearingofit，butIunderstanditwillbesentthitherafterhim。Jehovahreigneth！

"SinceBrotherJohns\'sdepartureIhavetriedtoascertainthecauseoftheseverityinGovernment。IhadalongconversationwithH。T。

Colebrooke，Esq。，whohasbeenoutofCouncilbutafewmonths，uponthematter。IcannotlearnthatGovernmenthasanyspecificdisliketous，butfindthateversincetheyear1807theordersoftheCourtofDirectorstosendhomeallEuropeansnotintheserviceofHerMajestyortheCompany，andwhocomeoutwithoutleaveoftheDirectors，havebeensoperemptoryandexpressthatGovernmentcannotnowoverlookanycircumstancewhichbringssuchpersonstonotice。NotwithstandingthegeneralwayinwhichtheCourtofDirectorshavewordedtheirorders，Icannothelpputtingseveralcircumstancestogether，whichmakemefearthatourMissionwasthecauseoftheenforcementofthatgenerallawwhichforbidsEuropeanstoremaininIndiawithouttheleaveoftheCourtofDirectors。

"WhetherTwining\'spamphletexcitedthealarm，orwasonlyanechoofthemindsofanumberofmenhostiletoreligion，Icannotsay，butifIrecollectdatesarighttheordersoftheCourtofDirectorscameassoonaspossibleafterthatpamphletwaspublished；andasitwouldhavebeentoobarefacedtohavegivenaspecificordertosendhomemissionaries，theyfoundedtheirordersonanunjustandwickedclauseinthecharter，andsoenforceditthatitshouldeffectuallyoperateonmissionaries。

"Ihopethefriendsofreligionwillpersevereintheuseofallpeacefulandlawfulmeanstoprevailonthelegislaturetoexpungethatclause，orsotomodifyitthatministersoftheGospelmayhaveleavetopreach，formandvisitchurches，andperformthevariousdutiesoftheirofficewithoutmolestation，andthattheymayhavearighttosettleinandtraveloveranypartofIndiaforthatpurpose。Nothingcanbemorejustthanthiswish，andnothingwouldbemorepoliticthanforittobegranted；foreveryoneconvertedfromamongtheheathenisfromthattimeastaunchfriendoftheEnglishGovernment。Ourneckshave，however，beenmoreorlessundertheyokeeversincethatyear，andpreachingtheGospelstandsinmuchthesamepoliticallightascommittinganactoffelony。WitnesswhathasbeendonetoMr。Thompson，thefiveAmericanbrethren，andourthreebrethren。Mr。Thomason，theclergyman，haslikewisehardworktostandhisground。

"Itrust，however，itistoolatetoeradicatetheGospelfromBengal。ThenumberofthoseborninthecountrywhopreachtheWordisnowveryconsiderable。Fifteenofthisdescriptionpreachconstantly，andsevenoreightmoreoccasionallyexhorttheircountrymen，besidesourEuropeanbrethren。TheGospelisstationedateighteenortwentystationsbelongingtoourMissionalone，andatseveralofthemtherearechurches。TheBibleiseithertranslatedorundertranslationintotwenty-fourofthelanguagesoftheEast，eighteenofwhichweareemployedabout，besidesprintingmostoftheothers。Thirteenoutoftheseeighteenarenowinthepress，includingathirdeditionoftheBengaliNewTestament。

Indeed，sogreatisthedemandforBiblesthatthoughwehaveeightpressesconstantlyatworkIfearweshallnothaveaBengaliNewTestamenttosellorgiveawayforthenexttwelvemonths，theoldeditionbeingentirelyoutofprint。WeshallbeinalmostthesamepredicamentwiththeHindostani。Wearegoingtosetuptwomorepresses，whichwecangetmadeinCalcutta，andaregoingtosendanothertoRangoon。Inshort，thoughthepublishingoftheWordofGodisapoliticalcrime，thereneverwasatimewhenitwassosuccessful。\'Notbymight，norbypower，butbymySpirit，saiththeLord。\'

"Throughdivinemercyweareallwell，andliveinpeaceandlove。

AsmallcloudwhichthreatenedatthetimeBrotherJohnsleftushasmercifullyblownover，andwearenowintheutmostharmony。I

will，ifpossible，writetomynephewEustacebytheseships，butI

amsopressedfortimethatIcanneverpromisetowritealetter。

TheLordhassoblessedusthatwearenowprintinginmorelanguagesthanwecoulddobeforethefiretookplace。

"GivemylovetoEustace，alsotoallwhorecollectorthinkofme。

Iamnownearfifty-twoyearsofage；yetthroughmercyIamwellandamenabledtokeepclosetoworktwelveorfourteenhoursaday。

IhopetoseetheBibleprintedinmostofthelanguagesinwhichitisbegun——Iam，veryaffectionatelyyours，WM。CAREY。"

CareyhadpreviouslywrittenthustoFuller：——"ThefaultliesintheclausewhichgivestheCompanypowerthustosendhomeinterlopers，andisjustasreasonableasonewhichshouldforbidallthepeopleinEngland——aselectfewexcepted——tolookatthemoon。Ihopethisclausewillbemodifiedorexpungedinthenewcharter。Theprohibitioniswrong，andnothingthatismorallywrongcanbepoliticallyright。"

Itwaslefttothecharterof1853fullytoliberalisetheCompany，buteachstepwastakentoolatetosaveitfromthenemesisof1857

andextinctionin1858。"Letnomanthink，"WilberforcehadsaidtotheHouseofCommonsin1813，"thatthepetitionswhichhaveloadedourtablehavebeenproducedbyaburstofmomentaryenthusiasm。

Whilethesunandmooncontinuetoshineinthefirmamentsolongwillthisobjectbepursuedwithunabatedardouruntilthegreatworkbeaccomplished。"

TheoppositionofAnglo-Indianofficialsandlawyers，whichvainlyusednobetterweaponsthansuchasMr。Prendergastandhis"tub"

fabrication，hadbeenanticipatedandencouragedbytheEdinburghReview。Thatperiodicalwasattheheightofitsinfluencein1808，theyearbeforeJohnMurray\'sQuarterlywasfirstpublished。TheRev。SydneySmith，astheliteraryandprofessionalrepresentativeofwhathedelightedtocall"thecauseofrationalreligion，"wasthefoeofeveryformofearnestChristianity，whichhejoinedthemobinstigmatisingas"Methodism。"HewasnotunacquaintedwithIndianpolitics，forhisequallycleverbrother，knownasBobusSmith，waslongAdvocate-GeneralinCalcutta，andleftaveryconsiderablefortunemadetheretoenrichthelastsixyearsoftheCanon\'slife。Castingaboutforasubjectonwhichtoexerciseatoncehisanimosityandhisfun，hefounditinthePeriodicalAccounts，whereinFullerhadundoubtedlytoooftenpublishedlettersandpassagesofjournalswrittenonlyfortheeyeoftheprivatefriend。Careyfrequentlyremonstratedagainstthepublicitygiventosomeofhiscommunications，andthefearofthischeckedhiscorrespondence。Intruth，thenew-bornenthusiasmwassuchthat，atfirst，theCommitteekeptnothingback。ItwaseasyforalitterateurlikeSydneySmithinthosedaystoextractpassagesandtogivethemsuchheadingsas"BrotherCarey\'sPietyatSea，"

"HatredoftheNativestotheGospel。"Smithproducedanarticlewhich，asrepublishedinhiscollectedessays，hasahistoricalvalueasatestofthebitternessofthehatewhichthemissionaryenterprisehadtomeetinsecularliteraturetillthedeathofLivingstone，Wilson，andDuffopenedtheeyesofjournalismtothefacts。Initselfitmustbereadinthelightofitsauthor\'sowncriticismofhisarticles，thusexpressedinalettertoFrancisJeffrey，andoftheregretthathehadwrittenitwhich，JeffreytoldDr。Marshman，helivedtoutter：——"Nevermind；letthem"(hisarticles)"goawaywiththeirabsurdityunadulteratedandpure。IfIplease，theobjectforwhichIwriteisattained；ifIdonot，thelaughterwhichfollowsmyerroristheonlythingwhichcanmakemecautiousandtremble。"ButforthatpicturebyhimselfweshouldhavepronouncedCarlyle\'sdrawingofhimtobealmostasmaliciousashisownoftheSeramporemissonaries——"Amassoffatandmuscularity，withmassiveRomannose，piercinghazeleyes，shrewdnessandfun——nothumourorevenwit——seeminglywithoutsoulaltogether。"

TheattackcalledforthareplybyMr。StylessoseverethatSydneySmithwrotearejoinderwhichbeganbyclaimingcreditfor"rootingoutanestofconsecratedcobblers。"SirJamesMackintosh，theninBombay，wroteofasimilarassaultbyMr。ThomasTwiningontheBibleSocieties，thatit"mustexcitegeneralindignation。TheonlymeasurewhichhecouldconsistentlyproposewouldbetheinflictionofcapitalpunishmentonthecrimeofpreachingorembracingChristianityinIndia，foralmosteveryinferiordegreeofpersecutionisalreadypractisedbyEuropeanornativeanti-christians。ButitfelltoSouthey，intheveryfirstnumberoftheQuarterlyReview，inApril1809，todealwiththeRev。SydneySmith，andtodefendCareyandtheBrotherhoodasbothdeserved。

Thelayman\'sdefencewasthemoreeffectiveforitsimmediatepurposethathestartedfromthesameprejudiceasthatofthereverendWhigrationalist——"theWesleyans，theOrthodoxdissentersofeverydescription，andtheEvangelicalchurchmenmayallbecomprehendedunderthegenericnameofMethodists。Thereligionwhichtheypreachisnotthereligionofourfathers，andwhattheyhavealteredtheyhavemadeworse。"ButSoutheyhadhimselffaithaswellasaliterarycanonhigherthanthatofhisopponentwhowroteonlyto"please"hispatrons。HesawintheseMethodistsalonethatwhichheappreciatedastheessenceoftruefaith——"thatspiritofenthusiasmbywhichEuropewasconvertedtoChristianitytheyhaveinsomemeasurerevived，andtheyhaveremovedfromProtestantismapartofitsreproach。"Heproceededtotellhow"thisMission，whichisrepresentedbyitsenemiesassodangeroustotheBritishEmpireinIndia，andthereby，accordingtoalogiclearntfromBuonaparte，toEnglandalso，originatedinamanbynameWilliamCarey，whotillthetwenty-fourthyearofhisagewasaworkingshoemaker。SectarianismhasthismainadvantageovertheEstablishedChurch，thatitsmenofabilitycertainlyfindtheirstation，andnoneofitstalentsareneglectedorlost。Careywasastudiousandpiousman，hisfaithwrong，hisfeelingsright。HemadehimselfcompetentlyversedinLatin，Greek，andHebrew。HeisnowprobablyafarmorelearnedorientalistthananyEuropeanhaseverbeenbeforehim，andhasbeenappointedProfessorofSanskritandBengaliattheCollegeofFortWilliam。"ThenfollowahistoryoftheMissionwritteninastyleworthyoftheauthoroftheLifeofNelson，andthesestatementsofthepoliticalandthepurelymissionaryquestions，whichreadnowalmostaspredictions：——

"Thefirststeptowardswinningthenativestoourreligionistoshowthemthatwehaveone。Thiswillhardlybedonewithoutavisiblechurch。Therewouldbenodifficultyinfillinguptheestablishment，howeverample；butwouldthearchbishop，bishops，deans，andchaptersofMr。Buchanan\'splandotheworkofmissionaries？CouldtheChurchofEnglandsupplymissionaries？——wherearetheytobefoundamongthem？Inwhatschoolforthepromulgationofsoundandorthodoxlearningaretheytrainedup？ThereisabilityandthereislearningintheChurchofEngland，butitsageoffermentationhaslongbeenover；andthatzealwhichforthisworkisthemostneedfulis，wefear，possessedonlybytheMethodists……

"CareyandhissonhavebeeninBengalfourteenyears，theotherbrethrenonlynine；theyhadalladifficultlanguagetoacquirebeforetheycouldspeaktoanative，andtopreachandargueinitrequiredathoroughandfamiliarknowledge。Underthesecircumstancesthewonderis，notthattheyhavedonesolittle，butthattheyhavedonesomuch；foritwillbefoundthat，evenwithoutthisdifficultytoretardthem，noreligiousopinionshavespreadmorerapidlyinthesametime，unlesstherewassomeremarkablefollyorextravagancetorecommendthem，orsomepowerfulworldlyinducement。Theirprogresswillbecontinuallyaccelerating；thedifficultyisatfirst，asinintroducingvaccinationintoadistantland；whenthematterhasoncetakenonesubjectsuppliesinfectionforallaroundhim，andthediseasetakesrootinthecountry。Thehusbandconvertsthewife，thesonconvertstheparent，thefriendhisfriend，andeveryfreshproselytebecomesamissionaryinhisownneighbourhood。Thustheirsphereofinfluenceandofactionwidens，andtheeventualissueofastrugglebetweentruthandfalsehoodisnottobedoubtedbythosewhobelieveintheformer。

OthermissionariesfromothersocietieshavenowenteredIndia，andwillsoonbecomeefficientlabourersintheirstation。FromGovernmentallthatisaskedistolerationforthemselvesandprotectionfortheirconverts。Theplanwhichtheyhavelaidfortheirownproceedingsisperfectlyprudentandunexceptionable，andthereisaslittlefearoftheirprovokingmartyrdomastherewouldbeoftheirshrinkingfromit，ifthecauseofGodandmanrequirethesacrifice。Buttheconvertsoughttobeprotectedfromviolence，andallcrammingwithcow-dungprohibitedonpainofretaliationwithbeef-tea。

"Nothingcanbemoreunfairthanthemannerinwhichthescoffersandalarmistshaverepresentedthemissionaries。We，whohavethusvindicatedthem，areneitherblindtowhatiserroneousintheirdoctrineorludicrousintheirphraseology；buttheanti-missionariesculloutfromtheirjournalsandlettersallthatisridiculoussectarian，andtrifling；callthemfools，madmen，tinkers，Calvinists，andschismatics；andkeepoutofsighttheirloveofman，andtheirzealforGod，theirself-devotement，theirindefatigableindustry，andtheirunequalledlearning。Theselow-bornandlow-bredmechanicshavetranslatedthewholeBibleintoBengali，andhavebythistimeprintedit。TheyareprintingtheNewTestamentintheSanskrit，theOrissa，Mahratta，Hindostan，andGuzarat，andtranslatingitintoPersic，Telinga，Karnata，Chinese，thelanguageoftheSieksandoftheBurmans，andinfouroftheselanguagestheyaregoingonwiththeBible。Extraordinaryasthisis，itwillappearmoresowhenitisrememberedthatofthesemenonewasoriginallyashoemaker，anotheraprinteratHull，andathirdthemasterofacharity-schoolatBristol。OnlyfourteenyearshaveelapsedsinceThomasandCareysetfootinIndia，andinthattimehavethesemissionariesacquiredthisgiftoftongues，infourteenyearstheselow-born，low-bredmechanicshavedonemoretowardsspreadingtheknowledgeoftheScripturesamongtheheathenthanhasbeenaccomplished，orevenattempted，byalltheprincesandpotentatesoftheworld——andalltheuniversitiesandestablishmentsintothebargain。

"DonotthinktosupersedetheBaptistmissionariestillyoucanprovidefromyourownchurchsuchmenasthese，and，itmaybeadded，suchwomenalsoastheirwives。"

SoonaftertheChartervictoryhadbeengained"thatfierceandfieryCalvinist，"whosedictumSoutheyadopted，thatthequestionindisputeisnotwhetherthenativesshallenjoytoleration，butwhetherthattolerationshallbeextendedtotheteachersofChristianity，AndrewFuller，enteredintorestonthe7thMay1815，attheageofsixty-two。SutcliffofOlneyhadbeenthefirstofthethreetobetakenaway25ayearbefore，atthesameage。ThescholarlyDr。RylandofBristolwasleftalone，andthehomemanagementoftheMissionpassedintothehandsofanothergeneration。UptoFuller\'sdeaththatmanagementhadbeenalmostideallyperfect。In1812theCommitteehadbeenincreasedbytheadditionofnineteenmembers，torepresentthegrowinginterestofthechurchesinSerampore，andtomeetthedemandofthe"respectable"classwhohadheldaloofatthefirst，whowereeagerthattheheadquartersofsorenownedanenterpriseshouldberemovedtoLondon。ButFullerprevailedtokeeptheSocietyalittlelongeratKettering，althoughhefailedtosecureashisassistantandsuccessortheonemanwhoseability，experience，andprudencewouldhavebeenequaltohisown，andhavepreventedthetroublesthatfollowed——ChristopherAnderson。AsFullerlaydying，hedictatedalettertoRylandwhereinhethusreferredtotheevangelicaldoctrineofgracewhichhehadbeentheoneEnglishtheologianofhisdaytodefendfromthehyper-calvinists，andtouseasthefoundationofthemodernmissionaryenterprise：——"Ihavepreachedandwrittenmuchagainsttheabuseofthedoctrineofgrace，butthatdoctrineisallmysalvationandallmydesire。Ihavenootherhopethanfromsalvationbymeresovereign，efficaciousgracethroughtheatonementofmyLordandSaviour：withthishopeIcangointoeternitywithcomposure。WehavesomewhohavebeengivingitoutoflatethatifSutcliffandsomeothershadpreachedmoreofChristandlessofJonathanEdwardstheywouldhavebeenmoreuseful。IfthosewhotalkthushadpreachedChristhalfasmuchasJonathanEdwardsdid，andwerehalfasusefulashewas，theirusefulnesswouldbedoublewhatitis。ItisverysingularthattheMissiontotheEastoriginatedwithoneoftheseprinciples，andwithoutpretendingtobeaprophet，Imaysayifiteverfallsintothehandsofmenwhotalkinthisstrain(ofhyper-calvinism)itwillsooncometonothing。"

AndrewFullerwasnotonlythefirstofForeignMissionSecretaries；

hewasamodelforall。Tohimhisworkwasspirituallife，andhence，thoughthemostactivepreacherandwriterofhisday，hewaslikeCareyinthis，thathisworkingdaywastwiceaslongasthatofmostmen，andhecouldspendhalfofhistimeinthefrequentjourneysalloverthekingdomtoraisefunds，inrepeatedcampaignsinLondontosecuretoleration，andinabundantletterstothemissionaries。HisrelationtotheCommittee，uptothelast，wasequallyexemplary。IntheveryearliestmissionaryorganisationinEnglanditisduetohimthatthelinewasclearlydrawnbetweenthedeliberativeandjudicialfunctionwhichisthatofthemembers，andtheexecutivewhichisthatofthesecretary。Wisdomandefficiency，clearnessofperceptionandpromptitudeofaction，werethuscombined。Fuller\'s，too，wasthespecialmeritofrealisingthat，whileamissionarycommitteeorchurcharefellow-workersonlywiththemenandwomenabroad，theSeramporeBrotherhoodwasaself-supporting，andtothatextentaself-governingbodyinasensetrueofnoforeignmissioneversince。Thetwotriumvirates，moreover，consistedofgiants——Carey，Marshman，andWardabroad；

Fuller，Sutcliff，andRylandathome。ToCareypersonallythedeathofFullerwasmorethantoanyother。Foralmostthequarterofacenturyhehadkepthisvowthathewouldholdtherope。WhenPearcediedalltoosoontherewasnonewhomCareylovedlikeFuller，whileFuller\'sdevotiontoCareywasallthegreaterthatitwastemperedbyawisejealousyforhisperfectness。Soearlyas1797，FullerwrotethustothetroublesomeFountain：——"ItaffordsusgoodhopeofyourbeingausefulmissionarythatyouseemtoloveandreverethecounselsofBrotherCarey。Ahumble，peaceful，circumspect，disinterested，faithful，peaceable，andzealousconductlikehiswillrenderyouablessingtosociety。BrotherCareyisgreatlyrespectedandbelovedbyalldenominationshere。IwilltellyouwhatIhaveforebornetotellhimlestitshouldhurthismodesty。GoodoldMr。Newtonsays：\'Mr。Careyhasfavouredmewithaletter，which，indeed，Iacceptasafavour，andImeantothankhimforit。ItrustmyheartascordiallyuniteswithhimasthoughIwereabrotherBaptistmyself。Ilooktosuchamanwithreverence。Heismoretomethanbishoporarchbishop；heisanapostle。MaytheLordmakeallwhoundertakemissionslike-mindedwithBrotherCarey！\'"Asthehomeadministrator，nolessthanasthetheologicalcontroversialist，AndrewFullerstandsonlysecondtoWilliamCarey，thefounderofModernEnglishMissions。

Fuller\'slastlettertoCareyformsthebestintroductiontothelittlewhichitisherenecessarytorecordoftheactionoftheBaptistMissionarySocietywhenunderthesecretaryshipoftheRev。

JohnDyer。Mr。JohnMarshman，C。S。I。，haswrittenthedetailedhistoryofthatcontroversynotonlywithfilialduty，butwithaforgivingcharitywhichexcitesouradmirationforonewhosufferedmorefromitthanallhispredecessorsintheBrotherhood，ofwhichhewasthelastrepresentative。TheSocietyhaslongsinceceasedtoapproveofthatperiod。ItsopinionhasbecomethatofMr。

Marshman，towhichacarefulperusalofallthedocumentsbothinSeramporeandEnglandhasledus——"HaditbeenpossibletocreateadozenestablishmentslikethatofSerampore，eachraisingandmanagingitsownfunds，andconnectedwiththeSocietyasthecentreofunityinacommoncause，itoughttohavebeenasubjectofcongratulationandnotofregret。"Thewholepolicyofeverymissionarychurchandsocietyisnowandhaslongbeendirectedtocreatingself-supportingandself-propagatingmissions，likeSerampore，thattheregionsbeyondmaybeevangelised——whetherthesebecollegesofcatechumensandinquirers，likethoseofDuffandWilson，HislopandDr。MillerinIndia，andofGovanandDr。StewartinLovedale，Kafraria；ortheindigenouschurchesoftheWestIndies，WestAfrica，thePacificOcean，andBurma。TousthelongandbitterdisputeisnowofvalueonlyinsofarasitbringsoutinChrist-likereliefthepersonalityofWilliamCarey。

Atthecloseof1814Dr。CareyhadaskedFullertopay？0ayeartohisfather，theninhiseightiethyear，and？0tohis(step)motherifshesurvivedtheoldman。Protestingthatanengravingofhisportraithadbeenpublishedinviolationoftheagreementwhichhehadmadewiththeartist，heagreedtothewishofeachofhisrelativesforacopy。TotheserequestsFullerhadreplied：——"Youshouldnotinsistonthesethingsbeingchargedtoyou，noryetyourfather\'s？0，northebooks，noranythingnecessarytomakeyoucomfortable，unlessitbetobepaidoutofwhatyouwouldotherwisegivetothemission。Toinsistontheirbeingpaidoutofyourprivatepropertyseemstobedictatedbyresentment。Itisthusweexpressourindignationwhenwehaveanavariciousmantodealwith。"

ThefirstactoftheCommittee，afterFuller\'sfuneral，ledDr。

RylandtoexpresstoCareyhisunboundedfearsforthefuture。

Thereweretwodifficulties。Thenewmenraisedthefirstquestion，inwhatsensetheSeramporepropertybelongedtotheSociety？Theythenproceededtoshowhowtheywouldanswerit，byappointingthesonofSamuelPearcetoSeramporeasMr。Ward\'sassistant。Onbothsidesoftheirindependence，astrusteesofthepropertywhichtheyhadcreatedandgiftedtotheSocietyonthiscondition，andasaself-supporting，self-electivebrotherhood，itbecamenecessary，fortheunbrokenpeaceofthemissionandthesuccessoftheirwork，thattheyshouldvindicatetheirmoralandlegalposition。ThecorrespondencefellchieflytoDr。Marshman。

WardandhesuccessivelyvisitedEngland，towhichthecontroversywastransferred，withoccasionalreferencestoDr。CareyinSerampore。AllScotland，ledbyChristopherAnderson，Chalmers，andtheHaldanes——allEngland，excepttheDyerfactionandRobertHallforatime，amongtheBaptists，andnearlyallAmerica，heldwiththeSeramporemen；buttheirever-extendingoperationswerecheckedbytheuncertainty，andtheirheartswerenearlybroken。ThejuniormissionariesinIndiaformedaseparateunionandcongregationbythemselvesinCalcutta，paidbytheSociety，thoughprofessingtocarryouttheorganisationoftheSeramporeBrotherhoodinotherrespects。TheCommittee\'scontroversylastedsixteenyears，andwasclosedin1830，afterWard\'sdeath，byCareyandMarshmandrawingupanewtrust-deed，inwhich，havingvindicatedtheirposition，theoldmenmadeoverpropertieswhichhadcostthem？800toeleventrusteesinEngland，stipulatingonlythattheyshouldoccupythemrentfreetilldeath，andthattheircolleagues——whowereJohnMarshmanandJohnMack，ofEdinburghUniversity——mightcontinueinthemforthreeyearsthereafter，payingrenttotheSociety。Suchself-sacrificewouldbepronouncedheroic，butitwasonlytheoutcomeofalifeofself-devotion，markedbythespiritofHimwhospaketheSermonontheMount，andsaidtothefirstmissionariesHesentforth：——"Bewiseasserpents，harmlessasdoves。"ThestoryiscompletedbythefactthatJohnMarshman，onhisfather\'sdeath，againpaidthepriceofasmuchofthepropertyastheHooglihadnotswallowedupwhentheCommitteewereabouttoputitinthemarket。

SuchwasDr。Carey\'spositionintheChristianworldthattheDyerpartyconsidereditimportantfortheirinteresttoseparatehimfromhiscolleagues，andifnottoclaimhisinfluencefortheirside，atleasttoneutraliseit。BytryingtoholdupDr。Marshmantoodium，theyrousedtherighteousindignationofCarey，whileoutraginghissenseofjusticebytheirblowsattheindependenceoftheBrotherhood。Dr。Marshman，wheninEngland，metthiscoursebyfranklyprintingthewholeprivatecorrespondenceofCareyonthesubjectoftheproperty，orthirty-twolettersrangingfromtheyear1815to1828。OneoftheearliestoftheseistoMr。Dyer，whohadsofarforgottenhimselfastoaskDr。Careytowritehome，alone，hisopinionofhis"elderbrethren，"andparticularlyofDr。

Marshman。Theanswer，coveringelevenoctavopagesofsmalltype，isamodelforallcontroversialists，andespeciallyforanywhomdutycompelstorebuketheministerwhohasfailedtolearnthecharitywhichenviethnot。Wereproducetheprincipalpassages，andthelaterletterstoChristopherAndersonandhissonJabez，revealingthenoblenessofCareyandtheinnerlifeoftheBrotherhood：——

"SERAMPORE，15thJuly1819。

"MYDEARBROTHER——IamsorryyouaddressedyourletterofJanuarythe9thtomealone，becauseitplacesmeinamostawkwardsituation，asitrespectsmyelderbrethren，withwhomIhaveactedinconcertforthelastnineteenyears，withasgreatashareofsatisfactionandpleasureascouldreasonablybeexpectedfromaconnectionwithimperfectcreatures，andwhomIamtherebycalledtocondemncontrarytomyconvictions，ortojustifyattheexpenseoftheiraccusers。Italsoplacesmeinadisagreeablesituationasitrespectsmyyoungerbrethren，whomIhighlyrespectasChristians；

butwhosewholeconduct，asitrespectsthelateunhappydifferences，hasbeensuchasmakesitimpossibleformetodootherwisethancondemnit……

"Youask，\'Istherenogroundforthechargesofprofusion，etc。，preferredagainstBrotherMarshman？\'BrotherMarshmanhasalwaysbeenardentlyengagedinpromotingthecauseofGodinIndia，and，beingofaveryactivemind，hasgenerallybeenchosenbyustodrawupourReports，towritemanyofourpublicletters，todrawupplansforpromotingtheobjectsofthemission，foundingandmanagingschools，raisingsubscriptions，andotherthingsofalikenature；sothathehastakenamoreactivepartthanBrotherWardormyselfinthesepublicactsofthemission。Thesethingsplacedhimintheforeground，andithasbeennouncommonthingforhimtobeartheblameofthoseactswhichequallybelongtoBrotherWardandmyself，merelybecausehewastheinstrumentemployedinperformingthem。

"ThechargeofprofusionbroughtagainstDr。Marshmanismoreextensivethanyouhavestatedinyourletter。Heischargedwithhavinghishousesuperblyfurnished，withkeepingseveralvehiclesfortheuseofhisfamily，andwithlabouringtoaggrandiseandbringthemintopublicnoticetoaculpableextent。Thewholebusinessoffurniture，internaleconomy，etc。，oftheSeramporestation，mustexclusivelybelongtoourselves，andIconfessIthinkthequestionaboutitanunlovelyone。Someperson，weknownotwhom，toldsomeone，weknownotwhom，\'thathehadbeenoftenatLordHastings\'stable，butthatBrotherMarshman\'stablefarexceededhis。\'IhavealsooftenbeenatLordHastings\'stable(I

meanhisprivatetable)，andIdothereforemostpositivelydenythetruthoftheassertion；thoughIconfessthereismuchdomesticplainnessatthetableoftheGovernor-GeneralofIndia(thoughnothingofmeanness；onthecontrary，everythingismarkedwithadignifiedsimplicity)。IsuspecttheinformantneverwasatLordHastings\'stable，orhecouldhavenotbeenguiltyofsuchmisrepresentation。LordHastings\'stablecostsmoreinonedaythanBrotherMarshman\'sinten。

"ThefollowingstatementmayexplainthewholebusinessofBrotherMarshman\'sfurniture，etc。，whichyouhaveallbeensopuzzledtoaccountfor，andhavecertainlyaccountedforinawaythatisnotthetrueone。Wehave，youknow，averylargeschool，perhapsthelargestinIndia。Inthisschoolarechildrenofpersonsofthefirstrankinthecountry。TheparentsorguardiansofthesechildrenfrequentlycallattheMission-house，andcommonproprietyrequiresthattheyshouldberespectfullyreceived，andinvitedtotakeabreakfastordinner，andsometimestocontinuethereadayortwo。ItisnaturalthatpersonswhovisittheMission-houseuponbusinesssuperintendedbyBrotherMarshmanshouldbeentertainedathishouseratherthanelsewhere。Tillwithinthelastfourorfiveyearswehadnoparticulararrangementfortheaccommodationofvisitorswhocametoseeus；butasthosewhovisitedusonbusinesswereentertainedatBrotherMarshman\'s，itappearedtobethemosteligiblemethodtoprovidefortheentertainmentofothervisitorstherealso；butatthattimeBrotherMarshmanhadnotadecenttableforpersonsoftheabovedescriptiontositdownto。We，therefore，votedhimasumtoenablehimtoprovidesucharticlesaswerenecessarytoentertainthemwithdecency；andIamnotawarethathehasbeenprofuse，orthathehasprovidedanythingnotcalledforbytherulesofpropriety。IhavenodoubtbutBrotherWardcanenumerateanddescribeallthesearticlesoffurniture。Itis，however，evidentthatyoumustbeveryimperfectjudgesoftheirnecessity，unlessyoucouldatthesametimeformajustestimateofthecircumstancesinwhichwestand。Itoughtalsotobeconsideredthatallthesearticlesarepublicproperty，andalwaysconvertibleintotheirfullvalueincash。Ihope，however，thatthingsarenotyetcometothatpass，thatamanwho，withhiswife，hasfornineteenortwentyyearslabourednightanddayforthemission，whobytheirlabourdisinterestedlycontributebetween2000and3000

rupeesmonthlytoit，andwhohavemadesacrificeswhich，ifothershavenotseen，BrotherWardandIhave，——sacrificeswhichoughttoputtotheblushallhisaccusers，who，notwithstandingtheircriesagainsthim，havenotonlysupportedthemselves，butalsohavesetthemselvesupinalucrativebusinessattheSociety\'sexpense；andwho，eventothisday，thoughtheyhavetwoprosperousschools，andaprofitableprinting-office，continuetoreceivetheirmonthlyallowance，amounting(includingMissChaffin\'s)to700rupeesamonthfromtheSociety；Ifeelindignantattheiroutcryonthesubjectofexpense，andIsay，merelyasacontrasttotheirconduct，SodidnotBrotherMarshman。Surelythingsarenotcometothatpass，thatheoranyotherbrothermustgiveanaccounttotheSocietyofeveryplateheuses，andeveryloafhecuts。

"TillaveryfewyearsagowehadnovehicleexceptasinglehorsechaiseformetogobackwardsandforwardstoCalcutta。Thatwasnecessarilykeptontheoppositesideoftheriver；andifthestrengthofthehorsewouldhaveborneit，couldnothavebeenusedforthepurposesofhealth。SisterMarshmanwasseizedwithadiseaseoftheliver，adiseasewhichprovesfatalinthreecasesoutoffour。SisterWardwasillofthesamedisorder，andbothofthemunderwentalongcourseofmercurialtreatment，asisusualinthatdisease。Exercisewasconsideredbythephysiciansasofthefirstimportance，andwecertainlythoughtnoexpensetoogreattosavethevaluablelivesofoursisters。Asinglehorsechaise，andanopenpalanquin，calledaTonjon，wereprocured。Ineverrideoutforhealth；butusuallyspendanhourortwo，morningandevening，inthegarden。SisterWardwasnecessitatedtovisitEnglandforhers。BrotherWardhadasaddlehorsepresentedtohimbyafriend。

Mywifehasasmallcarriagedrawnbyaman。ThesevehicleswerethereforealmostexclusivelyusedbyBrotherMarshman\'sfamily。

WhenourbrethrenarrivedfromEnglandtheydidnotfailtoputthisequipageintotheaccountagainstBrotherMarshman。Theynowkeepthreesinglehorsechaises，besidespalanquins；butwedonotthinktheykeepmorethanarenecessary。

"BrotherMarshmanretainsfortheschoolaFrenchmaster，amusicmaster，andadrawingmaster。Theexpensesoftheseareamplyrepaidbytheschool，butBrotherMarshman\'schildren，andallthosebelongingtothefamily，havetheadvantageoftheirinstructions。

BrotherMarshman\'schildrenare，however，themostnumerous，andenvyhasnotfailedtochargehimwithhavingretainedthemallforthesakeofhisownchildren。Surelyaman\'scaringforhisfamily\'shealthandhischildren\'seducationis，ifacrime，avenialone，andoughtnottobehelduptoblackenhisreputation。

BrotherMarshmanisnomoreperfectthanothermen，partakerslikehimofthegraceofGod。Hisnaturalbiasandhabitsarehisown，anddifferasmuchfromthoseofothermenastheirsdifferfromoneanother。Idonotdenythathehasaninclinationtodisplayhischildrentoadvantage。This，however，isafoiblewhichmostfondparentswillbeinclinedtopardon。IwishIhadhalfhispiety，energyofmind，andzealforthecauseofGod。Theseexcellencies，inmyopinion，sofaroverbalanceallhisdefectsthatIamconstrainedtoconsiderhimaChristianfarabovethecommonrun。I

mustnowclosethisdefenceofBrotherMarshmanbyrepeatingthatallmattersoffurniture，convenience，etc。，arethingsbelongingtotheeconomyofthestationatSerampore，andthatnoonebesideourselveshasthesmallestrighttointerferetherewith。TheCalcuttabrethrenarenowactingonthesameprinciple，andwouldcertainlyrepelwithindignationanyattemptmadebyustoregulatetheiraffairs。

"Ihavesaidthat\'Ineverrideoutforthesakeofhealth\'；anditmaythereforebeinquired，\'Whyarevehicles，etc。，forthepurposeofhealthmorenecessaryfortheothermembersofthefamilythanforyou？\'Ireplythatmyhealthisingeneralgood，andprobablymuchbenefitedbyajourneytoandfromCalcuttatwoorthreetimesaweek。Ihavealsoagreatfondnessfornaturalscience，particularlybotanyandhorticulture。These，therefore，furnishnotonlyexercise，butamusementforme。Theseamusementsofminearenot，however，enjoyedwithoutexpense，anymorethanthoseofmybrethren，andwereitnotconvenientforBrotherMarshman\'saccuserstomakeastepping-stoneofme，Ihavenodoubtbutmycollectionofplants，aviary，andmuseum，wouldbeequallyimpeachedasarticlesofluxuryandlawlessexpenses；though，exceptthegarden，thewholeoftheseexpensesarebornebymyself。

"JohnMarshmanisadmittedamemberoftheunion，buthehadforsometimepreviouslytheretobeenamemberofthechurch。I

perceiveplainlythatallyourobjectionstohimhavebeenexcitedbythestatementsoftheCalcuttabrethren，whichyoucertainlyoughttoreceivewithmuchcautioninallthingswhichregardBotherMarshmanandhisfamily。Youobservethattheyoungerbrethrenespeciallylookuptomewithrespectandaffection。Itmaybeso；

butIconfessIhavefrequentlythoughtthat，haditbeenso，theywouldhaveconsultedme，oratleasthavementionedtomethegroundsoftheirdissatisfactionbeforetheyproceededtotheextremityofdividingthemission。WhenIengagedinthemission，itwasadeterminationthat，whateverIsuffered，abreachthereinshouldneveroriginatewithme。TothisresolutionIhavehithertoobstinatelyadhered。Ithinkeverythingshouldbeborne，everysacrificemade，andeverymethodofaccommodationorreconciliationtried，beforeaschismissufferedtotakeplace……

"IdisapproveasmuchoftheconductofourCalcuttabrethrenasitispossibleformetodisapproveofanyhumanactions。Theeviltheyhavedoneis，Ifear，irreparable；andcertainlythewholemighthavebeenpreventedbyalittlefrankconversationwitheitherofus；andahundredthpartofthatself-denialwhichIfounditnecessarytoexerciseforthefirstfewyearsofthemission，wouldhavepreventedthisawfulrupture。Itrustyouwillexcusemywarmthoffeelinguponthissubject，whenyouconsiderthatbythisrupturethatcauseisweakenedanddisgraced，intheestablishmentandpromotionofwhichIhavespentthebestpartofmylife。A

churchisattemptedtobetorninpieces，forwhichneitherInormybrethreneverthoughtwecoulddoenough。Welabouredtoraiseit：

weexpendedmuchmoneytoaccomplishthatobject；andinagoodmeasuresawtheobjectofourdesireaccomplished。Butnowwearetraduced，andthechurchrentbytheverymenwhocametobeourhelpers。AstoBrotherMarshman，seriously，whatdotheywant？

WouldtheyattempttodenyhispossessingthegraceofGod？HewasknowntoandesteemedbyBrotherRylandasaChristianbeforeheleftEngland。IhavelivedwithhimeversincehisarrivalinIndia，andcanwitnesstohispietyandholyconduct。Wouldtheyexcludehimfromthemission？Judgeyourselfwhetheritiscomelythataman，whohaslaboriouslyanddisinterestedlyservedthemissionsomanyyears——whohasbyhisdiligenceandhardlabourraisedthemostrespectableschoolinIndia，aswellasgivenatonetoalltheothers——whohasunvaryinglyconsecratedthewholeofthatincome，aswellashisotherlabours，tothecauseofGodinIndia，——shouldbearraignedandcondemnedwithoutahearingbyafewyoungmenjustarrived，andoneofwhomhadnotbeenamonthinthecountrybeforehejoinedthesenselessoutcry？Orwouldtheyhavehisblood？Judge，mydearbrother，yourself，forIamashamedtosaymoreonthissubject。

"Ineednotsaythatcircumstancesmustinagreatmeasuredeterminewheremissionariesshouldsettle。Thechieftownofeachofthesecountrieswouldbepreferable，ifothercircumstancespermit；butsometimesGovernmentwouldnotallowthis，andsometimesotherthingsmayclosethedoor。Missionarieshowevermustknockloudandpushhardatthedoor，andiftherebethesmallestopening，mustforcethemselvesin；and，onceentered，puttheirlivesintheirhandsandexertthemselvestotheutmostindependenceupondivinesupport，iftheyeverhopetodomuchtowardsevangelisingtheheathenworld。Mysituationinthecollege，andBrotherMarshman\'sassuperintendingthefirstacademyinIndia，which，Ilikewiseobserve，hasbeenestablishedandbroughttoitspresentflourishingstatewhollybyhiscareandapplication，havemadeourpresentsituationwidelydifferentfromwhatitwaswhenfirstengagedinthemission。AsamissionaryIcouldgoinastrawhatanddinewiththejudgeofthedistrict，andoftendidso；butasaProfessorintheCollegeIcannotdoso。BrotherMarshmanisplacedinthesamepredicament。Thesecircumstancesimposeuponusanecessityofmakingadifferentappearancetowhatweformerlydidassimplemissionaries；buttheyfurnishuswithopportunitiesofspeakingtogentlemenofthefirstpowerandinfluenceingovernment，uponmattersofthehighestimportancetothegreatworkinwhichweareengaged；and，asaproofthatouropportunitiesofthisnaturehavenotbeeninvain，Ineedonlysaythat，inaconversationwhichI

hadsometimeagowithoneofthesecretariestoGovernment，uponthepresentfavourablebiasofgovernmentandthepublicingeneraltofavourallplansfordoinggood，hetoldmethathebelievedthewholewasowingtotheprudentandtemperatemannerinwhichwehadacted；andthatifwehadactedwithprecipitancyandindiscretion，hehadeveryreasontobelievethegeneralfeelingwouldhavebeenashostiletoattemptstodogoodasitisnowfavourabletothem。

"IwouldnotwishyoutoentertaintheideathatweandourbrethreninCalcuttaareresolveduponinterminablehatred。Onthecontrary，Ithinkthatthingsaregoneasfaraswemayexpectthemtogo；andInowexpectthatthefireofcontentionwillgraduallygoout。Allthedistressinganddisagreeablecircumstancesare，Itrust，past；

andIexpectweshallbeinalittletimeonamorefriendlyfooting。MuchofwhathastakenplaceoriginatedinEngland。

MistakesandfalseconclusionswerefollowedbyallthecircumstancesIhavedetailed。Ithinkthewholevirulenceofoppositionhasnowspentitself。Ourbrethrenhavenocontroloverus，norweoverthem。And，ifIamnotmistaken，eachsidewillsoonacknowledgethatithasgonetoofarinsomeinstances；andultimategoodwillarisefromtheevilIsomuchdeplore。

"Havingnowwrittentoyoumywholesentimentsuponthebusiness，andformerlytomyverydearBrotherRyland，allowmetodeclaremyresolutionnottowriteanythingfurtheruponthesubject，howevermuchImaybepressedthereto。Thefutureprosperityofthemissiondoesnotdependupontheclearingupofeverylittlecircumstancetothesatisfactionofeverycaptiousinquirer，butupontherestorationofmutualconcordamongus，whichmustbeprecededbyadmittingthatweareallsubjecttomistake，andtobemisledbypassion，prejudice，andfalsejudgment。Letusthereforestriveandpraythatthethingswhichmakeforpeaceandthosebywhichwemayedifyoneanothermayaboundamongusmoreandmore。Iam，mydearbrother，veryaffectionately，yoursinourLordJesusChrist，W。

CAREY。"

"14thMay1828。

"MYDEARBROTHERANDERSON——YoursbytheLouisa，ofOctoberlast，cametohandafewdaysagowiththecopiesofBrotherMarshman\'sbriefMemoiroftheSeramporeMission。IamgladitiswritteninsotemperateandChristianaspirit，andIdoubtnotbutitwillbeultimatelyproductiveofgoodeffects。Therecertainlyisagreatcontrastbetweenthespiritinwhichthatpieceiswrittenandthatinwhichobservationsuponit，bothintheBaptistandParticularBaptistMagazines，arewritten。TheunworthyattemptsinthoseandothersuchlikepiecestoseparateBrotherMarshmanandmearetrulycontemptible。InplainEnglish，theyamounttothusmuch——\'TheSeramporeMissionaries，Carey，Marshman，andWard，haveactedadishonestpart，aliasarerogues。ButwedonotincludeDr。Careyinthechargeofdishonesty；heisaneasysortofaman，whowillagreetoanythingforthesakeofpeace，orinotherwords，heisafool。Mr。Ward，itiswellknown，\'saythey，\'wasthetoolofDr。

Marshman，butheisgonefromthepresentscene，anditisunlovelytosayanyevilofthedead。\'NowIcertainlyholdthosepersons\'

exemptionofmefromtheblametheyattachtoBrotherMarshmaninthegreatestpossiblecontempt。Imayhavesubscribedmynamethoughtlesslytopapers，anditwouldbewonderfuliftherehadbeennoinstanceofthisinsolongacourseofyears。ThegreatesteemIhadfortheSocietyformanyyears，undoubtedlyonmoreoccasionsthanoneputmeoffmyguard，andIbelievemybrethrentoo；sothatwehavesignedwritingswhich，ifwecouldhaveforeseentheeventsofafewyears，weshouldnothavedone。These，however，wereallagainstourownprivateinterest，andIbelieveIhaveneverbeencalledaneasyfoolforsigningofthem。IthasonlybeensincewefounditnecessarytoresisttheclaimsoftheCommitteethatIhaverisentothishonour。

"IthasalsobeenhintedthatIintendtoseparatefromBrotherMarshman。Icannottelluponwhatsuchhintsorreportsarefounded，butIassureyou，inthemostexplicitmanner，thatI

intendtocontinueconnectedwithhimandSeramporeaslongasI

live；unlessIshouldbeseparatedfromhimbysomeunforeseenstrokeofProvidence。Theremaybemodificationsofourunion，arisingfromcircumstances；butitismywishthatitshouldremaininallthingsessentialtothemissionaslongasIlive。

"IrejoicetosaythatthereisverylittleofthatspiritofhostilitywhichprevailsinEnglandinIndia，andItrustwhatstillremainswillgraduallydecreasetillscarcelytheremembranceofitwillcontinue。Ourstations，ImeanthoseconnectedwithSerampore，areofgreatimportance，andsomeoftheminaflourishingstate。

Wewilldoallwecantomaintainthem，andIhopethefriendstothecauseofGodinBritainwillnotsufferthemtosinkforwantofthatpecuniaryhelpwhichisnecessary。IndeedIhopeweshallbeassistedinattemptingotherstationsbesidethosealreadyoccupied；

andmanysuchstationspresentthemselvestomymindwhichnothingpreventsbeingimmediatelyoccupiedbutwantofmenandmoney。Thecollegewillalsorequireassistance，andIhopewillnotbewithoutit；IanticipatethetimewhenitssalutaryoperationinthecauseofGodinIndiawillbefeltandacknowledgedbyall。

"Theseobservationsrespectingmyownconductyouareatlibertytouseasyouplease。Ihopenowtotakemyfinalleaveofthisunpleasantsubject，andhavejustroomtosaythatIamveryaffectionatelyyours，W。CAREY。"

Throughoutthecontroversythusforceduponhim，wefindDr。Carey\'sreferences，inhisunpublishedletterstothebrethreninCalcutta，allinthestrainofthefollowingtohissonJabez：——

"15thAugust1820——ThisweekwereceivedlettersfromMr。Marshman，whohadsafelyarrivedatSt。Helena。Iamsureitwillgiveyoupleasuretolearnthatourlong-continueddisputewiththeyoungerbrethreninCalcuttaisnowsettled。Wemettogetherforthatpurposeaboutthreeweeksago，andaftereachsidegivingupsometriflingideasandexpressions，cametoareconciliation，which，I

prayGod，maybelasting。NothingIevermetwithinmylife——andI

havemetwithmanydistressingthings——everpreyedsomuchuponmyspiritsasthisdifferencehas。IamsurethatinalldisputesverymanywrongthingsmusttakeplaceonbothsidesforwhichbothpartiesoughttobehumbledbeforeGodandoneanother。

"Iwishyoucouldsucceedinsettingupafewmoreschools……Considerthatandthespreadofthegospelasthegreatobjectsofyourlife，andtrytopromotethembyallthewiseandprudentmethodsinyourpower。Indeedwemustalwaysventuresomethingforthesakeofdoinggood。ThecauseofourLordJesusChristcontinuestoprosperwithus。Ihaveseveralpersonsnowcominginwhoareinquirers；twoorthreeofthem，Ihope，willbethiseveningreceivedintotheChurch。Excusemysayingmoreasmyroomisfullofpeople。"

Eightyearsafter，onthe17thApril1828，hethuscensuredJabezinthematteroftheSociety\'sactionathome：——"FromaletterofyourstoJonathan，inwhichyouexpressaveryindecentpleasureattheoppositionwhichBrotherMarshmanhasreceived，notbytheSocietybutbysomeanonymouswriterinamagazine，Iperceiveyouareinformedoftheseparationwhichhastakenplacebetweenthemandus。Whatinthatanonymouspieceyoucalla\'set-down\'Icalla\'falsehood。\'YououghttoknowthatIwasapartyinallpublicactsandwritings，andthatIneverintendtowithdrawfromalltheresponsibilityconnectedtherewith。Iutterlydespiseallthecreeping，meanassertionsofthatpartywhentheysaytheydonotincludemeintheircensures，nordoIworkfortheirpraise。

Accordingtotheirandaccordingtoyourrejoicing……Iameitheraknaveorafool——aknaveifIjoinedwithBrotherMarshman；butif，asthosegentlemensay，andasyouseemtoagreewiththem，Iwasonlyledashepleased，andwasamerecat\'s-paw，thenofcourseI

amafool。Ineitherwayyourthoughtsarenotveryhighasitrespectsme。IdonotwonderthatJonathanshouldexpresshimselfunguardedly；hisfamilyconnectionwithMr。Pearcesufficientlyaccountsforthat。Wehavelongbeenattackedinthiscountry——firstbyMr。Adam，26andafterwardsbyDr。Bryce。27BryceisnowsilencedbytwoorthreepiecesbyJohnMarshmaninhisownnewspaper，theJohnBull；andastosomeofthetissuesoffalsehoodpublishedinEngland，Ishallcertainlyneverreplytothem，andI

hopenooneelsewill。Thatcausemustbebadwhichneedssuchmeanstosupportit。IbelieveGodwillbringforthourrighteousnessasthenoonday。"

Onthe12thJuly1828thefatheragainwritestohissonJabezthus：——"YourapologiesaboutBrotherMarshmanareundoubtedlythebestyoucanoffer。Ishouldbesorrytoharbourhostilesentimentsagainstanymanontheearthupongroundssoslight。Indeed，wereallyousaymatteroffactyououghttoforgiveitasGodforChrist\'ssakeforgivesus。Wearerequiredtolayasideallenvyandstrifeandanimosities，toforgiveeachothermutuallyandtoloveoneanotherwithapureheartfervently。\'Thineownfriendandthyfather\'sfriendforsakenot。\'"

CHAPTERXIV

CAREYASANEDUCATOR——THEFIRSTCHRISTIANCOLLEGEINTHEEAST

1818-1830

Acollegethefourthandperfectingcorner-stoneofthemission——CareyontheimportanceofEnglishin1800——AnticipatesDuff\'spolicyofunderminingBrahmanism——Neweducationalerabegunbythecharterof1813andLordHastings——PlanoftheSeramporeCollegein1818——AnticipatestheAnglo-OrientalismofthePunjabUniversity——ThebuildingdescribedbyJohnMarshman——BishopMiddletonfollows——TheScottishandothercolleges——ActionoftheDanishGovernment——Theroyalcharter——VisitofMaharajaSerfojee——DeathofWard，CharlesGrantandBentley——BishopHeberandhiscatholicletter——Dr。Carey\'sreply——Progressofthecollege——Causeofitsfoundation——Thecollegedirectlyandessentiallyamissionaryundertaking——ActionoftheBrotherhoodfromthefirstvindicated——Careyappealstoposterity——ThecollegeandthesystematicstudyofEnglish——CareyauthoroftheGrantinAidsystem——Economyinadministeringmissions——TheSeramporeMissionhaseighteenstationsandfiftymissionariesofallkinds——SubsequenthistoryoftheSeramporeCollegeto1883。

ThefirstactofCareyandMarshmanwhentheirCommitteetookupapositionofhostilitytotheirself-denyingindependence，wastocompleteandperpetuatethemissionbyacollege。AsplannedbyCareyin1793，theconstitutionhadfoundedtheenterpriseonthesethreecorner-stones——preachingtheGospelinthemothertongueofthepeople；translatingtheBibleintoallthelanguagesofSouthernandEasternAsia；teachingtheyoung，bothheathenandChristian，bothboysandgirls，invernacularschools。ButCareyhadnotbeenayearinSeramporewhen，havingbuiltwellonallthree，hebegantoseethatafourthmustbelaidsomedayintheshapeofacollege。Heandhiscolleagueshadfoundedandsupervised，bytheyear1818，nofewerthan126nativeschools，containingsome10，000

boys，ofwhommorethan7000wereinandaroundSerampore。Hisworkamongthepunditclass，bothinSeramporeandinthecollegeofFortWilliam，andthefacilitiesinthemission-housefortrainingnatives，Eurasians，andthemissionaries\'sonstobepreachers，translators，andteachers，seemedtomeettheimmediatewant。Butaseveryyearthemissioninallitsformsgrewandtheexperienceofitsleadersdeveloped，thenecessityofcreatingacollegestaffinabuildingadaptedtothepurposebecamemoreurgent。Onlythuscouldtheotherwiseeducatednativesbereached，andtheBrahmanicalclassespeciallybepermanentlyinfluenced。OnlythuscouldatheologicalinstitutebesatisfactorilyconductedtofeedthenativeChurch。