第章

SaysSaint-Mars，“SincereceivingyourletterIhavewardedthepairasstrictlyandexactlyasIdidM。FouquetandM。Lauzun，whocannotbragthathesentorreceivedanyintelligence。Nightanddaytwosentinelswatchtheirtower；andmyownwindowscommandaviewofthesentinels。Nobodyspeakstomycaptivesbutmyself，mylieutenant，theirconfessor，andthedoctor，wholiveseighteenmilesaway，andonlyseesthemwhenIampresent。“Yearswentby；

inJanuary，1687，oneofthetwocaptivesdied；wereallydonotknowwhichwithabsolutecertainty。However，theintensifiedsecrecywithwhichthesurvivorwasnowguardedseemsmoreappropriatetoDaugerandM。Funck-BrentanoandM。LairhavenodoubtthatitwasLaRivierewhoexpired。Hewasdropsical，thatappearsintheofficialcorrespondence，andthedeadprisonerdiedofdropsy。

AsforthestrangesecrecyaboutDauger，hereisanexample。

Saint-Mars，inJanuary，1687，wasappointedtothefortressoftheIslesSainte-Marguerite，thatsunthemselvesinthebayofCannes。

OnJanuary20heasksleavetogotoseehislittlekingdom。HemustleaveDauger，buthasforbiddenevenhislieutenanttospeaktothatprisoner。Thiswasanincreaseofprecautionsince1682。

HewishestotakethecaptivetotheIsles，buthow？Asedanchaircoveredoverwithoilclothseemsbest。Alittermightbreakdown，littersoftendid，andsomeonemightthenseethepassenger。

NowM。Funck-Brentanosays，tominimizetheimportanceofDauger，“hewasshutuplikesomuchluggageinachairhermeticallyclosedwithoilcloth，carriedbyeightPiedmonteserelaysoffour。“

Luggageisnotusuallycarriedinhermeticallysealedsedanchairs，butSaint-Marshasexplainedwhy，bysurplusofprecaution，hedidnotusealitter。ThelittermightbreakdownandDaugermightbeseen。Anewprisonwasbuiltspecially，atthecostof5，000

lires，forDaugeratSainte-Marguerite，withlargesunnyrooms。OnMay3，1687，Saint-Marshadenteredonhisislandrealm，Daugerbeingnearlykilledbytwelvedays’journeyinaclosedchair。Heagainexcitedtheutmostcuriosity。OnJanuary8，1688，Saint-MarswritesthathisprisonerisbelievedbytheworldtobeeitherasonofOliverCromwell，ortheDucdeBeaufort，[1]whowasneverseenagain，deadoralive，afteranightbattleinCrete，onJune25，1669，justbeforeDaugerwasarrested。Saint-MarssentinanoteoftheTOTALofDauger’sexpensesfortheyear1687。HeactuallydidnotdaretosendtheITEMS，hesays，lestthey，ifthebillfellintothewronghands，mightrevealtoomuch。

[1]DucdeBeaufortwhomAthosreleasesfromprisoninDumas’sVingtAnsApres。

Meanwhile，anItaliannews-letter，copiedintoaLeydenpaper，ofAugust1687，declaredthatMattiolihadjustbeenbroughtfromPigneroltoSainte-Marguerite。TherewasnomysteryaboutMattioli，thestoryofhiscapturewaspublishedin1682，butthepress，ononepoint，wasinerror；MattioliwasstillatPignerol。

TheknownadventofthelateCommandantofPignerol，Saint-Mars，withasingleconcealedprisoner，attheisland，naturallysuggestedtheerroneousideathattheprisonerwasMattioli。TheprisonerwasreallyDauger，thesurvivorofthetwovalets。

From1688to1691noletteraboutDaugerhasbeenpublished。

Apparentlyhewasthentheonlyprisonerontheisland，exceptoneChezut，whowastherebeforeDaugerarrived，andgaveuphischambertoDaugerwhilethenewcellswerebeingbuilt。Between1689and1693sixProtestantpreacherswerebroughttotheisland，whileLouvois，theMinister，diedin1691，andwassucceededbyBarbezieux。OnAugust13，1691，BarbezieuxwrotetoaskSaint-Marsabout“theprisonerwhomhehadguardedfortwentyyears。“TheonlysuchprisonerwasDauger，whoenteredPignerolinAugust，1669。Mattiolihadbeenaprisoneronlyfortwelveyears，andlayinPignerol，notinSainte-Marguerite，whereSaint-Marsnowwas。

Saint-Marsreplied：“IcanassureyouthatNOBODYHASSEENHIMBUT

MYSELF。“

BythebeginningofMarch，1694，PignerolhadbeenbombardedbytheenemiesofFrance；presentlyLouisXIV。hadtocedeittoSavoy。

Theprisonerstheremustberemoved。Mattioli，inPignerol，attheendof1693，hadbeenintrouble。Heandhisvalethadtriedtosmuggleoutletterswrittenontheliningsoftheirpockets。Thesewereseizedandburned。OnMarch20，1694，BarbezieuxwrotetoLaprade，nowcommandingatPignerol，thathemusttakehisthreeprisoners，onebyone，withallsecrecy，toSainte-Marguerite。

Lapradealonemustgivethemtheirfoodonthejourney。Themilitaryofficeroftheescortwaswarnedtoasknoquestions。

Already(February26，1694)BarbezieuxhadinformedSaint-Marsthattheseprisonerswerecoming。Theyareofmoreconsequence，oneofthematleast，thantheprisonersontheisland，andmustbeputinthesafestplaces。“The“one“isdoubtlessMattioli。In1681

LouvoishadthoughtDaugerandLaRivieremoreimportantthanMattioli，who，inMarch，1694，camefromPigneroltoSainte-

Marguerite。NowinApril，1694，aprisonerdiedattheisland，aprisonerwho，likeMattioli，HADAVALET。Wehearofnootherprisonerontheisland，exceptMattioliwhohadavalet。AletterofSaint-Mars(January6，1696)provesthatnoprisonerTHENhadavalet，foreachprisonercollectedhisowndirtyplatesanddishes，piledthemup，andhandedthemtothelieutenant。

M。Funck-Brentanoarguesthatinthisveryletter(January6，1696)

Saint-Marsspeaksof“lesvaletsdemessieurslesprisonniers。“

ButinTHATpartoftheletterSaint-MarsisnotspeakingoftheactualstateofthingsatSainte-Marguerite，butisgivingreminiscencesofFouquetandLauzun，who，ofcourse，atPiguerol，hadvalets，andhadmoney，asheshows。Daugerhadnomoney。M。

Funck-Brentanonextarguesthatearlyin1694oneofthepreacherprisoners，Melzac，died，andcitesM。Jung(“LaVeritesurleMasquedeFer，“p。91)。Thisisodd，asM。JungsaysthatMelzac，orMalzac，“diedintheendof1692，orearlyin1693。“Why，then，doesM。Funck-BrentanociteM。Jungforthedeathofthepreacherearlyin1694，whenM。Jung(conjecturally)dateshisdeceaseatleastayearearlier？[1]Itisnotamereconjectureas，onMarch3，1693，BarbezieuxbegsSaint-MarstomentionhisProtestantprisonersundernicknames。ThereareTHREE，andMalzacisnolongeroneofthem。Malzac，in1692，sufferedfromahorribledisease，discreditabletooneofthegodly，andinOctober，1692，hadbeenallowedmedicalexpenses。Whethertheyincludedavaletornot，Malzacseemstohavebeennon-existentbyMarch，1693。Hadhepossessedavalet，andhadhediedin1694，whyshouldHISvalethavebeen“shutupinthevaultedprison“？ThiswasthefateofthevaletoftheprisonerwhodiedinApril，1694，andwasprobablyMattioli。

[1]M。Funck-Brentano’sstatementisinRevueHistorique，lvi。p。

298。“Malzacdiedatthebeginningof1694，“citingJung，p。91。

Nowonp。91M。Jungwrites，“Atthebeginningof1694Saint-Marshadsixprisoners，ofwhomoneMelzac，dies。“ButM。Jung(pp。

269，270)laterwrites，“ItisprobablethatMelzacdiedattheendof1692，orearlyin1693，“andhegiveshisreasons，whichareconvincing。M。Funck-BrentanomusthaveoverlookedM。Jung’schangeofopinionbetweenhisp。91andhispp。269，270。

Mattioli，certainly，hadavaletinDecember，1693，atPignerol。

HewenttoSainte-MargueriteinMarch，1694。InApril，1694，aprisonerwithavaletdiedatSainte-Marguerite。InJanuary，1696，noprisoneratSainte-Margueritehadavalet。Therefore，thereisastrongpresumptionthatthe“prisonnierauvalet“whodiedinApril，wasMattioli。

AfterDecember，1693，whenhewasstillatPignerol，thenameofMattioli，freelyusedbefore，neveroccursinthecorrespondence。

Butwestilloftenhearof“l’ancienprisonnier，““theoldprisoner。“Hewas，onthefaceofit，Dauger，byfartheoldestprisoner。In1688，Saint-Mars，havingonlyoneprisoner(Dauger)，callshimmerely“myprisoner。In1691，whenSaint-Marshadseveralprisoners，BarbezieuxstylesDauger“yourprisoneroftwentyyears’standing。“When，in1696-1698，Saint-Marsmentions“monancienprisonnier，““myprisoneroflongstanding，“heobviouslymeansDauger，notMattioli——aboveall，ifMattiolidiedin1694。M。Funck-Brentanoarguesthat“monancienprisonnier“canonlymean“myerstwhileprisoner，hewhowaslostandisrestoredtome“——thatis，Mattioli。ThisisnottheviewofM。Jung，orM。

Lair，orM。Loiseleur。

FriendsofMattioli’sclaimsrestmuchonthisletterofBarbezieuxtoSaint-Mars(November17，1697)：“Youhaveonlytowatchoverthesecurityofallyourprisoners，withouteverexplainingtoanyonewhatitisthatyourprisoneroflongstandingdid。“Thatsecret，itisargued，MUSTapplytoMattioli。ButalltheworldknewwhatMattiolihaddone!Nobodyknew，andnobodyknows，whatEustacheDaugerhaddone。Itwasoneofthearcanaimperii。ItisthesecretenforcedeversinceDauger’sarrestin1669。Saint-Mars(1669)wasnottoask。LouisXIV。couldonlylightenthecaptivityofFouquet(1678)ifhisvalet，LaRiviere，didnotknowwhatDaugerhaddone。LaRiviere(apparentlyaharmlessman)livedanddiedinconfinement，thesolereasonbeingthathemightperhapsknowwhatDaugerhaddone。Consequentlythereisthestrongestpresumptionthatthe“ancienprisonnier“of1697isDauger，andthat“whathehaddone“(whichSaint-Marsmusttelltonoone)waswhatDaugerdid，notwhatMattiolidid。AllEuropeknewwhatMattiolihaddone；hiswholestoryhadbeenpublishedtotheworldin1682and1687。

OnJuly19，1698，BarbezieuxbadeSaint-MarscometoassumethecommandoftheBastille。Heistobringhis“oldprisoner，“whomnotasoulistosee。Saint-MarsthereforebroughthismanMASKED，exactlyasanotherprisonerwascarriedmaskedfromProvencetotheBastillein1695。M。Funck-BrentanoarguesthatSaint-MarswasnowquitefondofhisoldMattioli，sonoble，solearned。

Atlast，onSeptember18，1698，Saint-Marslodgedhis“oldprisoner“intheBastille，“anoldprisonerwhomhehadatPignerol，“saysthejournalofduJunca，LieutenantoftheBastille。Hisfood，wesaw，wasbroughthimbyRosargesalone，the“Major，“agentlemanwhohadalwaysbeenwithSaint-Mars。ArguesM。Funck-Brentano，allthisprovesthatthecaptivewasagentleman，notavalet。Why？First，becausetheBastille，underLouisXIV。，was“uneprisondedistinction。“YetM。Funck-BrentanotellsusthatinMazarin’stime“valetsmixedupwithroyalplots“

werekeptintheBastille。Again，in1701，inthis“nobleprison，“

theMaskwasturnedoutofhisroomtomakeplaceforafemalefortune-teller，andwasobligedtochumwithaprofligatevaletofnineteen，anda“beggarly“badpatriot，who“blamedtheconductofFrance，andapprovedthatofothernations，especiallytheDutch。“

M。Funck-Brentanohimselfpublishesthesefacts(1898)，inpartpublishedearlier(1890)byM。Lair。[1]Notmuchnoblessehere!

Next，ifRosarges，agentleman，servedtheMask，Saint-Marsalone(1669)carriedhisfoodtothevalet，Dauger。SotheserviceofRosargesdoesnotennobletheMaskanddifferentiatehimfromDauger，whowasevenmorenoblyserved，bySaint-Mars。

[1]LegendesdelaBastille，pp。86-89。CitingduJunca’sJournal，April30，1701。

OnNovember19，1703，theMaskdiedsuddenly(stillinhisvelvetmask)，andwasburiedonthe20th。Theparishregisterofthechurchnameshim“Marchialy“or“Marchioly，“onemayreaditeitherway；duJunca，LieutenantoftheBastille，inhiscontemporaryjournal，callshim“M。deMarchiel。“Now，Saint-MarsoftenspellsMattioli，“Marthioly。“

ThisistheonestrengthoftheargumentforMattioli’sclaimstotheMask。M。Lairreplies，“Saint-Marshadamaniaforburyingprisonersunderfancynames，“andgivesexamples。Oneisonlyagardener，FrancoisEliard(1701)，concerningwhomitisexpresslysaidthat，asheisaprisoner，hisrealnameisnottobegiven，soheisregisteredasPierreMaret

(othersreadNavet，“PeterTurnip“)。IfSaint-Mars，lookingaboutforafalsenameforDauger’sburialregister，hitonMarsilly(thenameofDauger’soldmaster)，thatMIGHTbemiswrittenMarchialy。Howeveritbe，theageoftheMaskiscertainlyfalsified；theregistergives“aboutforty-fiveyearsold。“Mattioliwouldhavebeensixty-three；