第51章

Twomills，7l。Is。8dAfishery，12d。

AwoodcalledBrekyngPark，containing480acres，andthebrushwoodthereisworth40s。

Grassinthewood12d。，becauseitgrowsonlyinafewplaces。

Pannagedutyfromtheswine，10s。

AnotherwoodcalledLeFloxcontains10acres，andthebrushwoodisworth6d。

Pannagefromtheswine，6d。

Grass，6d。

Arable，inallfields，510acres，theacrebeingassessedat6d。allround。

Eachploughmayeasilytilloneacreaday，iffourhorsesandtwooxenareputtoit。

Twomeadows，onecontainingeightacres，ofwhicheverysingleacreyields4s。ayear；theothermeadowcontainssevenacresofsimilarvalue。

Pastureinseveralty——30acres，at12d。anacre。

Ofthese，16acresaresetapartforoxenandhorses，and14

forcows。

Somesmallparticlesofpastureleasedouttothetenants，4s。

ThepriorandtheconventarelordsofthecommonpastureinBockyng，andmaysend100sheeptothesecommons，andtothefieldswhennotundercrop。Value20s。

Asimportantaniteminthecultivationofthehomefarmasthesoilitselfisaffordedbytheplough-teams。Thetreatisesonhusbandrygiveveryminuteobservationsontheircompositionandmanagement。Andalmostalwayswefindthemanorialteamssupplementedbytheconsuetudinesvillae，thatisbythecustomaryworkperformedondifferentdaysbythepeasantry。(6*)

Astothispointthecloseconnexionbetweendemesneandtributarylandisespeciallyclear；butafterallthathasbeensaidintheprecedingchapteritishardlynecessarytoaddthatitwasnotonlytheploughing-workthatwascarriedonbythelordwiththehelpofhissubjects。

Asamatteroffact，villageswithoutamanorialdemesneorwithoutsomedependencefromitarefoundonlyexceptionallyandinthosepartsofEnglandwherethefreepopulationhadbestkeptitsholdontheland，andwherethepowerofthelordwasmoreapoliticalthananeconomicalone(NorfolkandSuffolk，Lincoln，Northumberland，Westmoreland，etc。(7*))。Andtherearehardlyanycasesatallofthecontrary，thatisofdemesnelandspreadingoverthewholeofamanor。Tillingham，amanorofSt。Paul’s，London，comesverynearit：(8*)itcontains300acresashomefarm，andonly30acresofvillainland。Butasaset-off，aconsiderablepartofthedemesneisdistributedtosmallleaseholders。

Itmustbenotedthat，asageneralrule，thedemesnearableofthemanordidnotlieinonepatchapartfromtherest，butconsistedofstripsintermixedwiththoseofthecommunity。(9*)

Thisfactwouldshowbyitselfthattheoriginalsystem，accordingtowhichpropertyandhusbandrywerearrangedinmanorialgroups，wasbasedonacloseconnexionbetweenthedomanialandthetributaryland。Wemightevengofurtherandpointoutthatthemerefacilitiesofintercourseandjointworkarenotsufficienttoaccountforthisintermixtureofthestripsofthelordandofthehomage。Thedemesnelandappearsinfactasashareintheassociationofthevillage，alargesharebutstillonecommensuratewiththeotherholdings。Intworespectsthissubjectiontoahigherunitmustnecessarilyfollowfromtheintermixtureofstrips：inasmuchasthedemesneconsistsofplotsscatteredinthefurlongsofthetownship，itdoesnotappropriatethebestsoilorthebestsituation，buthastogatheritscomponentpartsinallthevariedcombinationsinwhichthecommonholdingshavetotaketheirs。Andbesidesthis，thedemesnestripswereevidentlymeanttofollowthesamecourseofhusbandryasthelandimmediatelyadjoiningthem，andtolapseintoundividedusewithsuchlandwhenthe’defence’seasonwasover。Separateorprivatepatchesexemptedfromthegeneralarrangementaretobefoundonmanyoccasions，buttheusualtreatmentofdemesnelandinthethirteenthcenturyiscertainlymoreinconformitywiththenotionthatthelord’slandisonlyoneofthesharesinthehighergroupofthevillagecommunity。

Themanagementoftheestate，thecollectionofrevenue，thesupervisionofwork，thepolicedutiesincumbentonthemanor，etc。，requiredaconsiderablenumberofforemenandworkmenofdifferentkinds。(10*)Greatlordsusuallyconfidedthegeneralsupervisionoftheirestatestoaseneschal，stewardorheadma