第10章

CantoFirst。

EachcantoisintroducedbyoneormoreSpenserianstanzas，[FN#5]

formingakindofpreludetoit。Thoseprefixedtothefirstcantoserveasanintroductiontothewholepoem，whichis"inspiredbythespiritoftheoldScottishminstrelsy。"

2。Witch—elm。Thebroad—leavedorwychelm（Ulmusmontana），indigenoustoScotland。Forkedbranchesofthetreewereusedintheoldentimeasdivining—rods，andridingswitchesfromitweresupposedtoinsuregoodluckonajourney。Intheclosingstanzasofthepoem（vi。846）itiscalledthe"wizardelm。"

Tennyson（InMemoriam，89）refersto"Witch—elmsthatcounterchangethefloorOfthisflatlawnwithduskandbright。"

SaintFillanwasaScotchabbotoftheseventhcenturywhobecamefamousasasaint。Hehadtwosprings，whichappeartobeconfoundedbysomeeditorsofthepoem。OnewasattheeasternendofLochEarn，wheretheprettymodernvillageofSt。Fillansnowstands，undertheshadowofDunFillan，orSt。Fillan’sHills，sixhundredfeethigh，onthetopofwhichthesaintusedtosayhisprayers，asthemarksofhiskneesintherockstilltestifytothecredulous。TheotherspringisatanothervillagecalledSt。Fillans，nearlythirtymilestothewestward，justoutsidethelimitsofourmap，ontheroadtoTyndrum。InthisHolyPool，asitiscalled，insanefolkweredippedwithcertainceremonies，andthenleftboundallnightintheopenair。Iftheywerefoundloosethenextmorning，theyweresupposedtohavebeencured。Thistreatmentwaspractisedaslateas1790，accordingtoPennant，whoaddsthatthepatientsweregenerallyfoundinthemorningrelievedoftheirtroubles——bydeath。

Anotherwriter，in1843，saysthatthepoolisstillvisited，notbypeopleofthevicinity，whohavenofaithinitsvirtue，butbythosefromdistantplaces。ScottalludestothisspringinMarmion，i。29：

"ThencetoSaintFillan’sblessedwell，Whosespringscanfrenzieddreamsdispel，Andthecrazedbrainrestore。"

3。Anddownthefitfulbreeze，etc。TheoriginalMS。reads：

"Andonthefitfulbreezethynumbersflung，Tillenviousivy，withherverdantring，Mantledandmuffledeachmelodiousstring，——

OWizardHarp，stillmustthineaccentssleep？"

10。Caledon。Caledonia，theRomannameofScotland。

14。Eachaccordingpause。Thatis，eachpauseinthesinging。

InMarmion，ii。11，accordingisusedofmusicthatfillstheintervalsofothermusic：

"Soonastheynearedhisturretsstrong，ThemaidensraisedSaintHilda’ssong，Andwiththesea—waveandthewindTheirvoices，sweetlyshrill，combined，Andmadeharmoniousclose；

Then，answeringfromthesandyshore，Half—drownedamidthebreakers’roar，Accordingchorusrose。"

TheMS。readshere：

"AteachaccordingpausethouspokestaloudThineardentsympathysublimeandhigh。"

28。Thestagatevehaddrunkhisfill。Themetreofthepoemproperisiambic，thatis，withtheaccentontheevensyllables，andoctosyllabic，oreightsyllablestotheline。

29。Monan’srill。St。MonanwasaScotchmartyrofthefourthcentury。Wecanfindnomentionofanyrillnamedforhim。

31。Glenartney。Avalleytothenorth—eastofCallander，withBenvoirlich（whichrisestotheheightof3180feet）onthenorth，andUam—Var（see53below）onthesouth，separatingitfromthevalleyoftheTeith。IttakesitsnamefromtheArtney，thestreamflowingthroughit。

32。Hisbeaconred。Thefigureisanappropriateoneindescribingthisregion，wherefiresonthehill—topsweresooftenusedassignalsintheoldentime。Cf。theLay，iii。379：

"Andsoonascoreoffires，Iween，Fromheight，andhill，andcliff，wereseen，Eachwithwarliketidingsfraught；

Eachfromeachthesignalcaught，"etc。

34。Deep—mouthed。Cf。Shakespeare，1Hen。VI。ii。4。12：

"Betweentwodogs，whichhaththedeepermouth；"andT。ofS。

ind。1。18："thedeep—mouthedbrach"（thatis，hound）。

TheMS。reads：

"Thebloodhound’snotesofheavybassResoundedhoarselyupthepass。"

35。Resounded……rocky。Thepoetoftenavailshimselfof"aptalliteration’sartfulaid，"ashere，andinthenexttwolines；

mostfrequentlyinpairsofwords。

38。AsChief，etc。Notehere，asoften，thesimileputBEFORE

thatwhichitillustrates，——aneffectiverhetorical，thoughnotthelogical，arrangement。

45。Beamedfrontlet。Antleredforehead。

46。Adown。Aninstanceofapurelypoeticalword，notadmissibleinprose。

49。Chase。Hereputforthoseengagedinthechase；asin101

and171，below。OneofitsregularmeaningsistheOBJECTofthechase，ortheanimalpursued。

53。Uam—Var。"Ua—Var，asthenameispronounced，ormoreproperlyUaigh—mor，isamountaintothenorth—eastofthevillageofCallander，inMenteith，derivingitsname，whichsignifiesthegreatden，orcavern，fromasortofretreatamongtherocksonthesouthside，said，bytradition，tohavebeentheabodeofagiant。Inlattertimes，itwastherefugeofrobbersandbanditti，whohavebeenonlyextirpatedwithinthesefortyorfiftyyears。Strictlyspeaking，thisstrongholdisnotacave，asthenamewouldimply，butasortofsmallenclosure，orrecess，surroundedwithlargerocksandopenabovehead。Itmayhavebeenoriginallydesignedasatoilfordeer，whomightgetinfromtheoutside，butwouldfinditdifficulttoreturn。Thisopinionprevailsamongtheoldsportsmenanddeer—stalkersintheneighborhood"（Scott）。

54。Yelled。Notetheemphaticforceoftheinversion，asin59

below。Cf。38above。

Opening。Thatis，barkingonvieworscentofthegame；ahuntingterm。Cf。Shakespeare，M。W。iv。2。209："IfIbarkoutthusuponnotrailnevertrustmewhenIopenagain。"

Thedescriptionoftheechowhichfollowsisveryspirited。

66。Cairn。Literally，aheapofstones；hereputpoeticallyfortherockypointwhichthefalcontakesasalook—out。

69。Hurricane。Ametaphorforthewildrushofthehunt。

71。Linn。Literally，adeeppool；butoften=cataract，asinBracklinn，ii。270below（cf。vi。488），andsometimes=

precipice。

73。Onthelonewood。Notethemusicalvariationinthemeasurehere；the1st，3d，and4thsyllablesbeingaccentedinsteadofthe2dand4th。Itisoccasionallyintroducedintoiambicmetrewithadmirableeffect。Cf。85and97below。

76。Thecavern，etc。Seeon53above。

80。Perforce。Apoeticalword。Seeon46above。

84。Shrewdly。Severely，keenly；asensenowobsolete。Shrewdoriginallymeantevil，mischievous。Cf。Shakespeare，A。Y。L。v。

4。179，whereitissaidthatthose"Thathaveendur’dshrewddaysandnightswithusShallsharethegoodofourreturnedfortune。"

InChaucer（TaleofMelibocus）wefind，"Theprophetesaith：Fleeshrewdnesse，anddogoodnesse"（referringtoPs。xxxiv。14）。

89。Menteith。ThedistrictinthesouthwesternpartofPerthshire，wateredbytheTeith。

91。Mountainandmeadow，etc。Seeon35above。MossisusedintheNorth—of—Englandsenseofaboggyorpeatydistrict，likethefamousChatMossbetweenLiverpoolandManchester。

93。Lochard。LochArdisabeautifullakelet，aboutfivemilessouthofLochKatrine。OnitseasternsideisthesceneofHelenMacgregor’sskirmishwiththeKing’stroopsinRobRoy；andnearitshead，onthenorthernside，isawaterfall，whichistheoriginalofFloraMacIvor’sfavoriteretreatinWaverley。

Aberfoyleisavillageaboutamileandahalftotheeastofthelake。

95。LochAchray。AlakebetweenLochKatrineandLochVennachar，lyingjustbeyondthepassoftheTrosachs。

97。Benvenue。Amountain，2386feetinheight，onthesouthernsideofLochKatrine。

98。Withthehope。TheMS。has"withtheTHOUGHT，"and"flyingHOOF"inthenextline。

102。’Twere。Itwouldbe。Cf。Shakespeare，Macb。ii。2。73：

"Toknowmydeed，’twerebestnotknowmyself。"

103。Cambusmore。TheestateofafamilynamedBuchanan，whomScottfrequentlyvisitedinhisyoungerdays。ItisabouttwomilesfromCallander，onthewoodedbanksoftheKeltie，atributaryoftheTeith。

105。Benledi。Amountain，2882feethigh，northwestfromCallander。Thenameissaidtomean"MountainofGod。"

106。Bochastle’sheath。AmoorbetweentheeastendofLochVennacharandCallander。Seealsoonv。298below。

107。ThefloodedTeith。TheTeithisformedbystreamsfromLochVoilandfromLochKatrine（bywayofLochAchrayandLochVennachar），whichuniteatCallander。ItjoinstheForthnearStirling。

111。Vennachar。Asthemapshows，this"LakeoftheFairValley"isthemosteasternofthethreelakesaroundwhichthesceneryofthepoemlies。Itisaboutfivemileslongandamileandahalfwide。

112。TheBriggofTurk。Thisbrig，orbridge（cf。Burns’spoemofTheBrigsofAyr），isoverastreamthatcomesdownfromGlenfinlasandflowsintotheoneconnectingLochsAchrayandVennachar。AccordingtoGraham，itis"thesceneofthedeathofawildboarfamousinCeltictradition。"

114。Unbated。Cf。Shakespeare，M。ofV。ii。6。11：

"WhereisthehorsethatdothuntreadagainHistediousmeasureswiththeunbatedfireThathedidpacethemfirst？"

115。Scourgeandsteel。Whipandspur。Steelisoftenusedforthesword（asinv。239below："foemanworthyoftheirsteel"），thefigurebeingofthesamesortashere——"thematerialputforthethingmadeofit。"Cf。v。479below。

117。Embossed。Anoldhuntingterm。GeorgeTurbervile，inhisNobleArtofVenerieorHunting（A。D。1576），says："Whenthehartisfoamyatthemouth，wesay，thatheisemboss’d。"Cf。

Shakespeare，T。ofS。ind。1。17："BrachMerriman，thepoorcur，isemboss’d；"andA。andC。iv。13。3：

"theboarofThessalyWasneversoemboss’d。"

120。SaintHubert’sbreed。ScottquotesTurbervilehere："ThehoundswhichwecallSaintHubert’shoundsarecommonlyallblacke，yetneuertheless，theraceissomingledatthesedays，thatwefindthemofallcolours。ThesearethehoundswhichtheabbotsofSt。Huberthauealwayskeptsomeoftheirraceorkind，inhonourorremembranceofthesaint，whichwasahunterwithS。

Eustace。Whereuponwemayconceiuethat（bythegraceofGod）

allgoodhuntsmenshallfollowthemintoparadise。"

127。Quarry。Theanimalhunted；anothertechnicalterm。

Shakespeareusesitinthesenseofaheapofslaughteredgame；

asinCor。i。1。202：

"Wouldthenobilitylayasidetheirruth，Andletmeusemysword，I’dmakeaquarryWiththousandsofthesequarter’dslaves，"etc。

Cf。Longfellow，Hiawatha：

"SeldomstoopsthesoaringvultureO’erhisquarryinthedesert。"

130。Stock。Tree—stump。Cf。Job，xiv。8。

133。Turntobay。Likestandatbay，etc。，atermusedwhenthestag，driventoextremity，turnsroundandfaceshispursuers。

Cf。Shakespeare，1。Hen。VI。iv。2。52，whereitisusedfiguratively（asinvi。525below）：

"Turnonthebloodyhoundswithheadsofsteel，Andmakethecowardsstandaloofatbay；"

andT。ofS。v。2。56："’Tisthoughtyourdeerdoesholdyouatabay，"etc。

137。Forthedeath—wound，etc。Scotthasthefollowingnotehere："Whenthestagturnedtobay，theancienthunterhadtheperiloustaskofgoinginupon，andkillingordisabling，thedesperateanimal。Atcertaintimesoftheyearthiswasheldparticularlydangerous，awoundreceivedfromastag’shornbeingthendeemedpoisonous，andmoredangerousthanonefromthetusksofaboar，astheoldrhymetestifies：

’Ifthoubehurtwithhart，itbringtheetothybier，Butbarber’shandwillboar’shurtheal，thereforethouneed’stnotfear。’

Atalltimes，however，thetaskwasdangerous，andtobeadventureduponwiselyandwarily，eitherbygettingbehindthestagwhilehewasgazingonthehounds，orbywatchinganopportunitytogalloproundlyinuponhim，andkillhimwiththesword。SeemanydirectionstothispurposeintheBookeofHunting，chap。41。Wilson，thehistorian，hasrecordedaprovidentialescapewhichbefellhiminthehazardoussport，whileayouth，andfolloweroftheEarlofEssex：

’SirPeterLee，ofLime，inCheshire，invitedmylordonesummertohuntthestagg。Andhavingagreatstagginchase，andmanygentlemeninthepursuit，thestagtooksoyle。Anddivers，whereofIwasone，alighted，andstoodwithswordsdrawne，tohaveacutathim，athiscomingoutofthewater。Thestaggstherebeingwonderfullyfierceanddangerous，madeusyouthsmoreeagertobeathim。Butheescapedusall。Anditwasmymisfortunetobehinderedofmycomingnerehim，thewaybeingsliperie，byafalle；whichgaveoccasiontosome，whodidnotknowmee，tospeakasifIhadfalneforfeare。Whichbeingtoldmee，Ileftthestagg，andfollowedthegentlemanwho[first]

spakeit。ButIfoundhimofthatcoldtemper，thatitseemshiswordsmadeanescapefromhim；asbyhisdenialandrepentanceitappeared。Butthismademeemoreviolentinthepursuitofthestagg，torecovermyreputation。AndIhappenedtobetheonlyhorsemanin，whenthedogssetthimupatbay；andapproachingnearhimonhorsebacke，hebrokethroughthedogs，andrunatmee，andtoremyhorse’ssidewithhishornes，closebymythigh。

ThenIquittedmyhorse，andgrewmorecunning（forthedogshadsettehimupagaine），stealingbehindhimwithmysword，andcuthishamstrings；andthengotuponhisback，andcuthisthroate；

which，asIwasdoing，thecompanycamein，andblamedmyrashnessforrunningsuchahazard’（Peck’sDesiderataCuriosa，ii。464）。"

138。Whinyard。Ashortstoutswordorknife；thesameasthewhingeroftheLayofLastMinstrel，v。7：

"Andwhingers，nowinfriendshipbareThesocialmealtopartandshare，Hadfoundabloodysheath。"

142。Turnedhim。InElizabethan，andstillmoreinearlierEnglish，personalpronounswereoftenusedreflexively；andthis，likemanyotheroldconstructions，isstillusedinpoetry。

145。Trosachs。"Theroughorbristledterritory"（Graham）；thewilddistrictbetweenLochsKatrineandVennachar。ThenameisnowespeciallyappliedtothepassbetweenLochsKatrineandAchray。

147。Closecouched。Thatis，ashelayclosecouched，orhidden。Suchellipsesarecommoninpoetry。

150。Amain。Withmain，orfullforce。Westillsay"withmightandmain。"

151。Chiding。Notamerefigurativeuseofchideaswenowunderstandit（cf。287below），butanexampleoftheoldsenseofthewordasappliedtoanyoft—repeatednoise。ShakespeareusesitofthebarkingofdogsinM。N。D。iv。1。120：

"neverdidIhearSuchgallantchiding；"

ofthewind，asinA。Y。L。ii。1。7："Andchurlishchidingofthewinter’swind；"andofthesea，asin1Hen。IV。iii。1。45：

"theseaThatchidesthebanksofEngland；"

andHen。VIII。iii。2。197："thechidingflood。"

163。ThebanksofSeine。JamesvisitedFrancein1536，andsuedforthehandofMagdalen，daughterofFrancisI。Hemarriedherthefollowingspring，butshediedafewmonthslater。HethenmarriedMaryofGuise，whomhehaddoubtlessseenwhileinFrance。

166。Woeworththechase。Thatis，woebetoit。ThisworthisfromtheA。S。weorthan，tobecome。Cf。Spenser，F。Q。ii。6。

32：

"Woworththeman，ThatfirstdidteachthecursedsteeletobightInhisowneflesh，andmakewaytothelivingspright！"

SeealsoEzek。xxx。2。

180。Andonthehunter，etc。TheMS。reads：

"Andonthehunterhiedhispace，Tomeetsomecomradesofthechase；"

andthe1sted。retains"pace"and"chase。"

184。Thewesternwaves，etc。ThisdescriptionoftheTrosachswaswrittenamidthesceneryitdelineates，inthesummerof1809。TheQuarterlyReview（May，1810）saysofthepoet："Heseeseverythingwithapainter’seye。Whateverherepresentshasacharacterofindividuality，andisdrawnwithanaccuracyandminutenessofdiscriminationwhichwearenotaccustomedtoexpectfrommereverbaldescription。ItisbecauseMr。Scottusuallydelineatesthoseobjectswithwhichheisperfectlyfamiliarthathistouchissoeasy，correct，andanimated。Therocks，theravines，andthetorrentswhichheexhibitsarenottheimperfectsketchesofahurriedtraveller，butthefinishedstudiesofaresidentartist。"Seealsoon278below。

Ruskin（ModernPainters，iii。278）refersto"theloveofcolor"

asaleadingelementinScott’sloveofbeauty。Hemighthavequotedthepresentpassageamongtheillustrationsheadds。

195。Thenativebulwarks，etc。TheMS。has"Themimiccastlesofthepass。"

196。Thetower，etc。Cf。Gen。xi。1—9。

198。Therocky。The1sted。has"Theirrocky，"etc。

204。Norwere，etc。TheMS。reads："Norwerethesemightybulwarksbare。"

208。Dewdropsheen。Not"dewdropssheen，"or"dewdrops’sheen，"

assometimesprinted。Sheen=shining，bright；asinv。10

below。Cf。Spenser，F。Q。ii。1。10："Sofaireandsheene；"Id。

iii。4。51："intopofheavensheene，"etc。SeeWb。TheMS。hashere："Brightglisteningwiththedewdropsheen。"

212。Boon。Bountiful。Cf。Milton，P。L。iv。242：

"FlowersworthyofParadise，whichnotniceartInbedsandcuriousknots，butnatureboonPour’dforthprofuseonhill，anddale，andplain。"

SeealsoP。L。ix。793："jocundandboon。"

217。Bower。Intheoldsenseofchamber，lodging—place；asiniv。413andvi。218below。Cf。Spenser，F。Q。iii。1。58：

"EftesooneslongwaxentorcheswerenlightUntotheirbowrestoguydeneveryguest。"

Forclift（=cleft），thereadingofthe1sted。andunquestionablywhatScottwrote，everyothereditionthatwehaveseenreads"cliff。"

219。Emblemsofpunishmentandpride。Seeoniii。19below。

222，223。Notetheimperfectrhymeinbreathandbeneath。Cf。

224—25，256—57，435—36，445—46below。SuchinstancesarecomparativelyrareinScott’spoetry。SomerhymesthatappeartobeimperfectaretobeexplainedbypeculiaritiesofScottishpronunciation。Seeon363below。

227。Shaltered。TheMS。has"scathed；"also"ruggedarmsathwartthesky"in229，and"twinkling"forglisteningin231。

The1sted。has"scattered"forshattered；correctedintheErrata。

231。Streamers。Ofivyorothervines。

238。Affording，etc。TheMS。reads：

"AffordingscarcesuchbreadthoffloodAsservedtofloatthewild—duck’sbrood。"

247。Emerging，etc。TheMS。has"Emergingdry—shodfromthewood。"

254。Andnow，toissuefromtheglen，etc。"UntilthepresentroadwasmadethroughtheromanticpasswhichIhavepresumptuouslyattemptedtodescribeintheprecedingstanzas，therewasnomodeofissuingoutofthedefilecalledtheTrosachs，exceptingbyasortofladder，composedofthebranchesandrootsoftrees"（Scott）。

263。LochKatrine。InanotetoTheFairMaidofPerth，ScottderivesthenamefromtheCatterans，orHighlandrobbers，thatonceinfestedtheshoresofthelake。Othersmakeit"theLakeoftheBattle，"inmemoryofsomeprehistoricconflict。

267。Livelier。Becauseinmotion；likelivinggoldabove。

270。Benvenue。Seeon97above。

271。Downto。Mosteditionsmisprint"downon。"

272。Confusedly。Atrisyllable；asinii。161below，andintheLay，iii。337："Andhelmsandplumes，confusedlytossed。"

274。Wildering。Bewildering。Cf。Dryden，Aurungzebe，i。1：

"wilder’dintheway，"etc。Seealso434andv。22below。

275。Hisruinedsides，etc。TheMS。reads：

"Hisruinedsidesandfragmentshoar，Whileonthenorthtomiddleair。"

277。Ben—an。Thismountain，1800feethigh，isnorthoftheTrosachs，separatingthatpassfromGlenfinlas。

278。Fromthesteep，etc。TheMS。reads：

"FromthehighpromontorygazedThestranger，awe—struckandamazed。"

TheCriticalReview（Aug。1820）remarksofthisportionofthepoem（184fol。）："Perhapstheartoflandscape—paintinginpoetryhasneverbeendisplayedinhigherperfectionthaninthesestanzas，towhichrigidcriticismmightpossiblyobjectthatthepictureissomewhattoominute，andthatthecontemplationofitdetainsthetravellersomewhattoolongfromthemainpurposeofhispilgrimage，butwhichitwouldbeanactofthegreatestinjusticetobreakintofragmentsandpresentbypiecemeal。Notsothemagnificentscenewhichburstsuponthebewilderedhunterasheemergesatlengthfromthedell，andcommandsatoneviewthebeautifulexpanseofLochKatrine。"

281。Churchman。Initsoldsenseofoneholdinghighofficeinthechurch。Cf。Shakespeare，2Hen。VI。i。3。72，whereCardinalBeaufortiscalled"theimperiouschurchman，"etc。

285。Cloister。Monastery；originally，thecoveredwalkaroundtheinnercourtofthebuilding。

287。Chide。Here，figuratively，inthemodernsense。Seein151above。

290。Shouldlave。The1sted。has"didlave，"whichisperhapstobepreferred。

294。Whilethedeeppeal’s。Forthemeasure，seeon73above。

300。Tofriendlyfeast，etc。TheMS。has"Tohospitablefeastandhall。"

302。Beshrew。Mayevilbefall（seeonshrewdly，84above）；amildimprecation，oftenusedplayfullyandeventenderly。Cf。

Shakespeare，2Hen。IV。ii。3。45：

"Beshrewyourheart，Fairdaughter，youdodrawmyspiritsfrommeWithnewlamentingancientoversights！"

305。Somemossybank，etc。TheMS。reads：

"AndhollowtrunkofsomeoldtreeMychamberforthenightmustbe。"

313。Highlandplunderers。"TheclanswhoinhabitedtheromanticregionsintheneighborhoodofLochKatrinewere，evenuntilalateperiod，muchaddictedtopredatoryexcursionsupontheirLowlandneighbors"（Scott）。

317。Falltheworst。Iftheworstbefallthatcanhappen。Cf。

Shakespeare，M。ofV。i。2。96："antheworstfallthateverfell，IhopeIshallmakeshifttogowithouthim。"

319。Butscarceagain，etc。TheMS。reads：

"Thebugleshrillagainhewound，Andlo！forthstartingatthesound；"

andbelow：

"Alittleskiffshottothebay。

Thehunterlefthisairystand，Andwhentheboathadtouchedthesand，Concealedhestoodamidthebrake，ToviewthisLadyoftheLake。"

336。Strain。The1sted。hasacommaafterstrain，andaperiodafterartin340。Theed。of1821pointsasinthetext。

342。Naiad。Waternymph。

343。Andne’erdidGrecianchisel，etc。TheMS。reads：

"Afinerform，afairerface，HadnevermarbleNymphorGrace，ThatboaststheGrecianchisel’strace；"

andin359below，"astrangertongue。"