第8章

Butthispavilionrenderedonegoodservicetowomaninshowinghercapabilitiesasanengineer。Theboiler，whichfurnishedtheforceforrunningitswork，wasunderthechargeofayoungCanadiangirl，MissAllison，who，fromchildhood，hadlovedmachinery，spendingmuchtimeinthelargesawandgristmillsofherfather，runbyenginesoftwoandthreehundredhorse-power，whichshesometimesmanagedforamusement。Whenhernamewasproposedforrunningthepavilionmachinery，itcausedmuchopposition。

Itwassaidthatthecommitteewould，someday，findthepavilionblowntoatoms；thatthewomanengineerwouldspendhertimereadingnovelsinsteadofwatchingthesteamgauge；thattheideawasimpracticableandshouldnotbethoughtof。ButMissAllisonsoonprovedhercapabilitiesandthefalsenessofthesepropheciesbytakingherplaceintheengineroomandmanagingitsworkingswithperfectease。Sixpowerlooms，onwhichwomenwovecarpets，webbing，silks，etc。，wererunbythisengine。AtalaterperiodtheprintingofTheNewCenturyforWoman，apaperpublishedbythecentennialcommissioninthewoman\'sbuilding，wasdonebyitsmeans。

MissAllisondeclaredtheworktobemorecleanly，morepleasant，andinfinitelylessfatiguingthancookingoverakitchenstove。“SinceIhavebeencompelledtoearnmyownliving，“shesaid，“IhaveneverbeenengagedinworkI

likesowell。Teachingschoolismuchharder，andoneisnotpaidsowell。“

Sheexpressedherconfidenceinherabilitytomanagetheenginesofanoceansteamer，andsaidthattherewerethousandsofsmallenginesinuseinvariouspartsofthecountry，andnoreasonexistedwhywomenshouldnotbeemployedtomanagethem，杅ollowingtheprofessionofengineerasaregularbusiness，朼nenginerequiringfarlessattentionthanisgivenbyanursemaidoramothertoachild。

ButtohavemadetheWoman\'sPaviliongrandlyhistoric，uponitswallsshouldhavebeenhungtheyearlyprotestofHarrietK。Huntagainsttaxationwithoutrepresentation；thelegalpapersservedupontheSmithsisterswhen，fortheirrefusaltopaytaxeswhileunrepresented，theirAlderneycowswereseizedandsold；thepapersissuedbythecityofWorcesterfortheforcedsaleofthehouseandlandsofAbbyKellyFoster，theveteranabolitionist，becausesherefusedtopaytaxes，givingthesamereasonourancestorsgavewhentheyresistedtaxation；amodelofBunkerHillmonument，itsfoundationlaidbyLafayettein1825，butwhichremainedunfinishednearlytwentyyears，untilthefamousGermandanseuse，FannyElssler，gavetheproceedsofapublicperformanceforthatpurpose。Withtheseshouldhavebeenexhibitedframedcopiesofallthelawsbearingunjustlyuponwomen杢hosewhichrobherofhername，herearnings，herproperty，herchildren，herperson；alsothelegalpapersinthecaseofSusanB。Anthony，whowastriedandfinedforclaimingherrighttovoteundertheFourteenthAmendment，andthedecisionofMr。JusticeMillerinthecaseofMyraBradwell，denyingnationalprotectionforwoman\'scivilrights；andthelaterdecisionofChiefJusticeWaiteoftheUnitedStatesSupremeCourtagainstVirginiaL。Minor，denyingwomennationalprotectionfortheirpoliticalrights；decisionsinfavorofStaterightswhichimperilthelibertiesnotonlyofallwomen，butofeverywhitemaninthenation。

Woman\'smostfittingcontributionstotheCentennialExpositionwouldhavebeentheseprotests，laws，anddecisions，whichshowherpoliticalslavery。Butallthiswasleftforroomsoutsideofthecentennialgrounds，uponChestnutStreet，wheretheNationalWoman\'sSuffrageAssociationhoisteditsflag，madeitsprotests，andwrotetheDeclarationofRightsofthewomenoftheUnitedStates。

Tomanythoughtfulpeopleitseemedcaptiousandunreasonableforwomentocomplainofinjusticeinthisfreeland，amidstsuchuniversalrejoicings。

Whenthemajorityofwomenareseeminglyhappy，itisnaturaltosupposethatthediscontentoftheminorityistheresultoftheirunfortunateindividualidiosyncrasies，andnotofadverseinfluencesinestablishedconditions。Butthehistoryoftheworldshowsthatthevastmajority，ineverygeneration，passivelyaccepttheconditionsintowhichtheyareborn，whilethosewhodemandedlargerlibertiesareeverasmall，ostracizedminority，whoseclaimsareridiculedandignored。FromourstandpointwewouldhonoranyChinesewomanwhoclaimedtherighttoherfeetandpowersoflocomotion；theHindoowidowswhorefusedtoascendthefuneralpyreoftheirhusbands；theTurkishwomenwhothrewofftheirmasksandveilsandlefttheharem；theMormonwomenwhoabjuredtheirfaithanddemandedmonogamicrelations。WhynotequallyhonortheintelligentminorityofAmericanwomenwhoprotestagainsttheartificialdisabilitiesbywhichtheirfreedomislimitedandtheirdevelopmentarrested？Thatonlyafew，underanycircumstances，protestagainsttheinjusticeoflong-establishedlawsandcustoms，doesnotdisprovethefactoftheoppressions，whilethesatisfactionofthemany，ifreal，onlyprovestheirapathyanddeeperdegradation。ThatamajorityofthewomenoftheUnitedStatesaccept，withoutprotest，thedisabilitieswhichgrowoutoftheirdisfranchisementissimplyanevidenceoftheirignoranceandcowardice，whiletheminoritywhodemandahigherpoliticalstatusclearlyprovetheirsuperiorintelligenceandwisdom。

AtthecloseoftheForty-seventhCongresswemadetwonewdemands：

First，foraspecialcommitteetoconsiderallquestionsinregardtothecivilandpoliticalrightsofwomen。Wenaturallyaskedthequestion，AsCongresshasaspecialcommitteeontherightsofIndians，whynotonthoseofwomen？Arenotwomen，asafactorincivilization，ofmoreimportancethanIndians？Secondly，weaskedforaroomintheCapitol，whereourcommitteecouldmeet，undisturbed，whenevertheysawfit。Thoughthesepointsweredebatedalongtime，ourdemandswereaccededtoatlast。Wenowhaveourspecialcommittee，andourroom，with“WomanSuffrage“ingiltletters，overthedoor。Inourstrugglestoachievethis，whileourchampion，theseniorSenatorfromMassachusetts，stoodupbravelyinthediscussion，theoppositionnotonlyridiculedthespecialdemand，butallattemptstosecurethecivilandpoliticalrightsofwomen。Asanexampleoftheargumentsoftheopposition，IgivewhattheSenatorfromMissourisaid。

Itisafairspecimenofallthatwasproducedonthatsideofthedebate。

Mr。Vest\'spoeticalflightsaremostinspiring：

“TheSenatenowhasforty-onecommittees，withasmallarmyofmessengersandclerks，one-halfofwhom，withoutexaggeration，areliterallywithoutemployment。Ishallnotpretendtospecifythecommitteesofthisbodywhichhavenotonesinglebill，resolution，orpropositionofanysortpendingbeforethem，andhavenothadformonths。But，Mr。President，outofallcommitteeswithoutbusiness，andhabituallywithoutbusiness，inthisbody，thereisonethat，beyondanyquestion，couldtakejurisdictionofthismatteranddoitamplejustice。Irefertothatmostrespectableandantiqueinstitution，theCommitteeonRevolutionaryClaims。Forthirtyyearsithasbeenwithoutbusiness。Forthirtylongyearstheplacidsurfaceofthatparliamentaryseahasbeenwithoutonesingleripple。IftheSenatorfromMassachusettsdesiresatribunalforacalm，judicialequilibriumandexamination朼tribunalfarfromthe\'maddingcrowd\'signoblestrife\'朼

tribunaleminentlyrespectable，dignifiedandunique；whynotsendthisquestiontothecommitteeonRevolutionaryClaims？Itiseminentlyproperthatthissubjectshouldgotothatcommitteebecause，ifthereisanyrevolutionaryclaiminthiscountry，itisthatofwomansuffrage。(Laughter。)

Itrevolutionizessociety；itrevolutionizesreligion；itrevolutionizestheConstitutionandlaws；anditrevolutionizestheopinionsofthosesoold-fashionedamongusastobelievethatthelegitimateandpropersphereofwomanisthefamilycircle，aswifeandmother，andnotaspoliticianandvoter杢hoseofuswhoareproudtobelievethat“Woman\'snobleststationisretreat：

Herfairestvirtuesflyfrompublicsight；

Domesticworth杢hatshunstoostrongalight。“BeforethatCommitteeonRevolutionaryClaimswhycouldnotthismostrevolutionaryofallclaimsreceiveimmediateandampleattention？Morethanthat，asIsaidbefore，ifthereisanytribunalthatcouldgiveundividedtimeanddignifiedattention，isitnotthiscommittee？Ifthereisonepeacefulhavenofrest，neverdisturbedbyanyprofanebillorresolutionofanysort，itistheCommitteeonRevolutionaryClaims。Itis，inparliamentarylife，describedbythatecstaticverseinWatts\'hymn？”ThereshallIbathemyweariedsoulInseasofendlessrest，AndnotonewaveoftroublerollAcrossmypeacefulbreast。“Byallnaturallaws，stagnationbreedsdiseaseanddeath，andwhatcouldstirupthismostvenerableandrespectableinstitutionmorethananapplicationofthestrong-minded，withshorthairandshorterskirts，invadingitsdignifiedrealmandelucidatingalltheexcellencesoffemalesuffrage。

Moreover，iftheseladiescouldeversucceedintheprovidenceofGodinobtainingareportfromthatcommittee，itwouldendthisquestionforever；

forthepublicatlargeandmyselfincluded，inviewofthatmiracleoffemaleblandishmentandfemaleinfluence，wouldsurrenderatonce，andfemalesuffragewouldbecomeconstitutionalandlawful。Sir，Iinsistuponitthat，indeferencetothiscommittee，indeferencetothefactthatitneedsthissortofregimenandmedicine，thiswholesubjectshouldbesoreferred。“

Thisgiveaveryfairideaofthecharacteroftheargumentsproducedbyouropponents，fromtheinaugurationofthemovement。But，astherearenoargumentsinarepublicangovernmentinfavorofanaristocracyofsex，ridiculewasreallytheonlyavailableweapon。Afterdeclaring“thatnojustgovernmentcanbeformedwithouttheconsentofthegoverned，“

“thattaxationwithoutrepresentationistyranny，“itisdifficulttoseeonwhatbasisone-halfthepeoplearedisfranchised。ChapterXX。ChapterXX。CHAPTERXX。WRITING“THEHISTORYOFWOMANSUFFRAGE。“

THEfouryearsfollowingthecentennialwerebusy，happyones，ofvariedinterestsandemployments，publicandprivate。Sonsanddaughtersgraduatingfromcollege，bringingtroopsofyoungfriendstovisitus；theusualmatrimonialentanglements，withalltheirpromisesofcelestialblissintertwinedwithearthlydoubtsandfears；weddings，voyagestoEurope，businessventures杋nthiswhirlofplansandprojectsourheads，hearts，andhandswerefullyoccupied。Sevenboysandgirlsdancingroundthefireside，buoyantwithalllife\'sjoysopeningbeforethem，areenoughtokeepthemostapatheticparentsonthewatch-towersbydayandanxiousevenindreamlandbynight。

Mysparetime，ifitcanbesaidthatIeverhadany，wasgivenduringthesedaystosocialfestivities。Theinevitabledinners，teas，picnics，anddanceswithcountryneighbors，allcameroundinquicksuccession。

Welived，atthistime，atTenafly，NewJersey，notfarfromthepublisheroftheSun，IsaacW。England，whoalsohadsevenboysandgirlsasfulloffrolicasourown。Mrs。EnglandandIenteredintoalltheirgameswithequalzest。Theyoungestthoughthalfthefunwastoseeourenthusiasmin“blindman\'sbluff，““foxandgeese，“and“beanbags。“Itthrillsmewithdelight，evennow，toseethesegames！

Mr。Englandwasthesoulofhospitality。Hewasnevermorehappythanwhenhishousewascrowdedwithguests，andhislarderwithallthedelicaciesoftheseason。ThoughheandMr。Stantonwerebothconnectedwiththatdignifiedjournal，theNewYorkSun，yettheyoftenjoinedinthegeneralhilarity。Ilaugh，asIwrite，atthememoryofallthefrolicswehadonthebluehillsofJersey。

Inadditiontothedomesticcareswhichalargefamilyinvolved，Mrs。

Gage，MissAnthony，andIwerealreadybusycollectingmaterialfor“TheHistoryofWomanSuffrage。“Thisrequirednoendofcorrespondence。Thenmylecturingtripswerestillapartoftheannualprogramme。Washingtonconventions，too，withcalls，appeals，resolutions，speechesandhearingsbeforetheCommitteesofCongressandStatelegislatures，allthesecameroundintheyear\'sproceedingsasregularlyaspumpkinpiesforThanksgiving，plumpuddingforChristmas，andpatriotismforWashington\'sbirthday。ThosewhospeakforgloryorphilanthropyarealwaysindemandforcollegecommencementsandFourthofJulyorations，hencemuchofMissAnthony\'seloquence，aswellasmyown，wasutilizedinthisway。

OnOctober18，1880，Ihadanimpromptudinnerparty。ElizabethBoyntonHarbert，MayWrightThompson(nowSewall)，PhoebeW。Couzins，andArethusaForbes，returningfromaBostonconvention，allbychancemetundermyroof。Wehadaverymerrytimetalkingovertheincidentsoftheconvention，Bostonproprieties，andthegeneralsituation。AsIgavethemmanyearlyreminiscences，theyaskedifIhadkeptadiary。“No，“Isaid，“notapenscratchofthepasthaveIexceptwhatmightbegatheredfrommanyfamilyletters。“Theyurgedmetobeginadiaryatonce；soIpromisedIwouldonmycomingbirthday。

Mygreatgriefthatdaywasthatwewereputtinginanewrange，andhadmadenopreparationsfordinner。Thiscompletelyupsetthepresidinggeniusofmyculinarydepartment，asshecouldnotgiveusthebounteousfeastsheknewwasexpectedonsuchoccasions。I，asusual，whentherewasanylackintheviands，triedtobeasbrilliantaspossibleinconversation；

discussingNirvana，Karma，reincarnation，andthusturningattentionfromtheevanescentthingsofearthtothejoysofalifetocome，杗otaneasyfeattoperformwithstrong-mindedwomen，朾ut，inparting，theyseemedhappyandrefreshed，andallpromisedtocomeagain。

Butweshallnevermeetthereagain，astheold，familiaroaksandthemajesticchestnuttreeshavepassedintootherhands。Strangeloversnowwhispertheirvowsoffaithandtrustunderthetreewhereamostcharmingweddingceremony杢hatofmydaughterMargaret杦assolemnizedonebrightOctoberday。AllNatureseemedtodoherutmosttoheightenthebeautyoftheoccasion。Theverdurewasbrilliantwithautumnaltints，thehazynoondaysunlentapeculiarsoftnesstoeveryshadow杄venthebirdsandinsectswerehushedtosilence。Astheweddingmarchrosesoftandclear，twostatelyushersledtheway；thenagroupofVassarclassmates，gaylydeckedinsilksofdifferentcolors，followedbythebrideandgroom。AnimmenseSaintBernarddog，onhisownaccountbroughtuptherear，keepingtimewithmeasuredtread。Hetookhisseatinfullview，watching，alternately，theofficiatingclergyman，thebrideandgroom，andguests，asiftosay：

“Whatdoesallthismean？”Noonebehavedwithmoreproprietyandnoonelookedmoreradiantthanhe，witharayofsunlightonhisbeautifulcoatoflonghair，hisbrightbrasscollar，andhiswonderfulhead。Brunodidnotlivetoseetheoldhomebrokenup，butsleepspeacefullythere，underthechestnuttrees，andfillsalargeplaceinmanyofourpleasantmemories。

OnNovember12，1880，Iwassixty-fiveyearsold，and，pursuanttomypromise，Ithenbeganmydiary。Itwasabright，sunnyday，butthefrostkingwasatwork；allmygrandoldtrees，thatstoodlikesentinels，tomarktheboundaryofmydomain，werestrippedoftheirfoliage，andtheirbrilliantcolorshadfadedintoauniformbrown；buttheevergreensandthetall，primcedarsheldtheirown，and，whencoveredwithsnow，theirexquisitebeautybroughttearstomyeyes。Oneneedneverbelonelymidbeautifultrees。

Mythoughtswerewithmyabsentchildren朒arriotinFrance，TheodoreinGermany，MargaretwithherhusbandandbrotherGerrit，halfwayacrossthecontinent，andBobstillincollege。Ispentthedaywritinglettersandwalkingupanddownthepiazza，andenjoyed，frommywindows，aglorioussunset。Alone，onbirthdaysorholidays，oneisveryapttoindulgeinsadretrospections。ThethoughtofhowmuchmoreImighthavedonefortheperfectdevelopmentofmychildrenthanIhadaccomplished，depressedme。Ithoughtofalltheblundersinmyownlifeandintheireducation。

Littlehasbeensaidoftheresponsibilitiesofparentallife；accordinglylittleornothinghasbeendone。IhadsuchvisionsofparentaldutiesthatdaythatIcametotheconclusionthatparentsnevercouldpaythedebttheyowetheirchildrenforbringingthemintothisworldofsuffering，unlesstheycaninsurethemsoundmindsinsoundbodies，andenoughofthegoodthingsofthislifetoenablethemtolivewithoutacontinualstruggleforthenecessariesofexistence。Ihavenosympathywiththeoldideathatchildrenoweparentsadebtofgratitudeforthesimplefactofexistence，generallyconferredwithoutthoughtandmerelyfortheirownpleasure。Howseldomwehearofanyhighorholypreparationfortheofficeofparenthood！Here，inthemostmomentousactoflife，allislefttochance。Menandwomen，intelligentandprudentinallotherdirections，seemtoexercisenoforethoughthere，buthanddowntheirindividualandfamilyidiosyncrasiesinthemostrecklessmanner。

OnNovember13theNewYorkTribuneannouncedthedeathofLucretiaMott，eighty-eightyearsold。Havingknownherintheflushoflife，whenallherfacultieswereattheirzenith，andinthereposeofage，whenherpowersbegantowane，herwithdrawalfromamongusseemedasbeautifulandnaturalasthechangingfoliage，fromsummertoautumn，ofsomegrandoldoakIhavewatchedandloved。

ThearrivalofMissAnthonyandMrs。Gage，onNovember20，banishedallfamilymattersfrommymind。Whatplanning，now，forvolumes，chapters，footnotes，margins，appendices，paper，andtype；ofengravings，title，preface，andintroduction！Ihadneverthoughtthatthepublicationofabookrequiredtheconsiderationofsuchendlessdetails。Westoodappalledbeforethemassofmaterial，growinghigherandhigherwitheverymail，andthethoughtofallthereadinginvolvedmadeusfeelasifourlifeworklaybeforeus。Sixweeksofsteadylaborallday，andoftenuntilmidnight，madenovisibledecreaseinthepileofdocuments。However，beforetheendofthemonthwehadourarrangementsallmadewithpublishersandengravers，andsixchaptersinprint。Whenwebegantocorrectproofwefeltasifsomethingwasaccomplished。Thusweworkedthroughthewinterandfarintothespring，withnochangeexcepttheWashingtonConventionandanoccasionaleveningmeetinginNewYorkcity。Wehadfrequentvisitsfromfriendswhomweweregladtosee。HithercameEdwardM。Davis，SarahPugh，AdelineThompson，FrederickCabotofBoston，Dr。WilliamF。Channing，andsweetlittleClaraSpence，whorecitedforussomeofthemostbeautifulselectionsinherrepertoire。

Inadditionwehadnumberlesslettersfromfriendsandfoes，somepraisingandsomecondemningourproposedundertaking，and，thoughmuchalone，wewerekeptintouchwiththeoutsideworld。Butsoconflictingwasthetoneofthelettersthat，ifwehadnottakenaveryfairgaugeofourselvesandouradvisers，weshouldhaveabandonedourprojectandburiedallthevaluablematerialcollected，tosleepinpineboxesforever。

AtthistimeIreceivedaveryamusingletterfromtheRev。RobertCollyer，on“literaryrighteousness，“quizzingmeforusingoneofhisanecdotesinmysketchofLucretiaMott，withoutgivinghimcredit。Ilaughedhimtoscorn，thatheshouldhavethoughtitwasmydutytohavedoneso。I

toldhimplainlythathebelongedtoaclassof“whitemalecitizens，“

whohadrobbedmeofallcivilandpoliticalrights；ofproperty，children，andpersonalfreedom；andnowitillbecamehimtocallmetoaccountforusingoneofhislittleanecdotesthat，tentoone，hehadcribbedfromsomewoman。ItoldhimthatIconsideredhiswholeclassasfairgameforliterarypilfering。Thatwomenhadbeentaxedtobuildcollegestoeducatemen，andifwecouldpickupaliterarycrumbthathadfallenfromtheirfeasts，wesurelyhadarighttoit。Moreover，Itoldhimthatman\'sdutyintheworldwastowork，todiganddelveforjewels，realandideal，andlaythematwoman\'sfeet，forhertouseasshemightseefit；thatheshouldfeelhighlycomplimented，insteadofcomplaining，thathehadwrittensomethingIthoughtworthusing。Heansweredlikethenoblemanheis；susceptibleoftakinginanewidea。Headmittedthat，inviewoftheshortcomingsofhisentiresex，hehadnotonewordtosayinthewayofaccusation，butlayprostrateatmyfeetinsackclothandashes，wonderingthathehadnottakenmyviewofthecaseinstarting。

OnlytwiceinmylifehaveIbeenaccusedofquotingwithoutgivingduecredit。TheothercasewasthatofMatildaJoslynGage。Ihad，ontwoorthreeoccasions，usedamottoofhersinautographbooks，justasI

hadsentimentsfromLongfellow，Lowell，Shakespeare，Moses，orPaul。Inlonglyceumtripsinnumerableautographbooksmetoneateveryturn，inthecars，depots，ontheplatform，atthehotelandintheomnibus。“A

sentiment，please，“cryhalfadozenvoices。Onewriteshastilydifferentsentimentsforeach。InthiswayIunfortunatelyusedapetsentimentofMatilda\'s。So，hereandnow，Isaytomyautographadmirers，fromNewYorktoSanFrancisco，wheneveryousee“ThereisawordsweeterthanMother，Home，orHeaven杢hatwordisLiberty，“rememberitbelongstoMatildaJoslynGage。Ihope，now，thatRobertandMatildawillsay，intheirposthumousworks，thatImadetheamendehonorable，asIalwaysstrivetodowhenfriendsfeeltheyhavenotbeenfairlytreated。

InMay，1881，thefirstvolumeofourHistoryappeared；itwasanoctavo，containing871pages，withgoodpaper，goodprint，handsomeengravings，andnicelybound。IwelcomeditwiththesamefeelingofloveandtendernessasIdidmyfirstborn。Itookthesamepleasureinhearingitpraisedandfeltthesamemortificationinhearingitcriticised。ThemostheartywelcomeitreceivedwasfromRev。WilliamHenryChanning。Hewroteusthatitwasasinterestingandfascinatingasanovel。HegaveitamostflatteringnoticeinoneoftheLondonpapers。JohnW。Forney，too，wroteagoodreviewandsentafriendlyletter。MayoW。Hazeltine，oneoftheablestcriticsinthiscountry，intheNewYorkSun，alsogaveitaverycarefulandcomplimentaryreview。Infact，wereceivedfarmorepraiseandlessblamethanweanticipated。WebeganthesecondvolumeinJune。Inreadingoverthematerialconcerningwoman\'sworkintheWar，Ifelthowlittleourlaborsareappreciated。Whocansumupalltheillsthewomenofanationsufferfromwar？Theyhaveallofthemiseryandnoneoftheglory；

nothingtomitigatetheirwearywaitingandwatchingforthelovedoneswhowillreturnnomore。

Inthespringof1881，tovarythemonotonyoftheworkonthehistory，wedecidedtoholdaseriesofconventionsthroughtheNewEnglandStates。

WebeganduringtheAnniversaryweekinBoston，andhadseveralcrowded，enthusiasticmeetingsinTremontTemple。Inadditiontooursuffragemeetings，IspokebeforetheFreeReligious，MoralEducation，andHeredityassociations。

AllourspeakersstayedattheParkerHouse，andwehadaverypleasanttimevisitingtogetherinourleisurehours。WewerereceivedbyGovernorLong，attheStateHouse。Hemadeashortspeech，infavorofwomansuffrage，inreplytoMrs。Hooker。WealsocalledontheMayor，attheCityHall，andwentthroughJordan&；Marsh\'sgreatmercantileestablishment，wheretheclerksarechieflyyounggirls，whoarewellfedandhoused，andhavepleasantrooms，withagoodlibrary，wheretheysitandreadintheevening。

WewentthroughtheSherbornReformatoryPrisonforWomen，managedentirelybywomen。Wefounditcleanandcomfortable，morelikeapleasanthomethanaplaceofpunishment。

Mrs。Robinson，MissAnthony，andIwereinvitedtodinewiththeBirdClub。Nowoman，otherthanI，hadeverhadthathonorbefore。Idinedwiththemin1870，escortedby“Warrington“oftheSpringfieldRepublicanandEdwinMorton。ThereImetFrankSanbornforthefirsttime。FrankBirdheldaboutthesameplaceinpoliticallifeinMassachusetts，thatThurlowWeeddidintheStateofNewYorkforfortyyears。IntheeveningwehadacrowdedreceptionatthehomeofMrs。FennoTudor，whooccupiedafineoldresidencefacingtheCommon，wherewemetalargegatheringofBostonreformers。OnDecorationDay，May30，wewenttoProvidence，whereIwastheguestofDr。WilliamF。Channing。Wehadaverysuccessfulconventionthere。SenatorAnthonyandex-GovernorSpraguewereintheaudienceandexpressedgreatpleasure，afterward，inalltheyhadheard。IpreachedinRev。FrederickHinckley\'schurchthepreviousSundayafternoon。

FromProvidenceIhurriedhome，tomeetmysonTheodoreandhisbride，whohadjustlandedfromFrance。WedecoratedourhouseandgroundswithChineselanternsandnationalflagsfortheirreception。AswehadnottimetosendtoNewYorkforbunting，ourflags朏renchandAmerican杦ereallmadeofbrightredandbluecambric。Theeffectwasfinewhentheyarrived；but，unfortunately，therecameupaheavythunderstorminthenightandsodrenchedourbeautifulflagsthattheybecamecolorlessrags。

Mylittlemaidannouncedtomeearlyinthemorningthat“theFrenchandAmericanshadhadagreatbattleduringthenightandthatthepiazzawascoveredwithblood。“Thiswasstartlingnewstoonejustawakeningfromasoundsleep。“Why，Emma！”Isaid，“whatdoyoumean？”“Why，“shereplied，“therainhaswashedallthecoloroutofourflags，andthepiazzaiscoveredwithredandbluestreamsofwater。“Asthemorningsunappearedinallitsglory，chasingthedarkcloudsaway，ourdecorationsdidindeedlookpaleandlimp，andwerepromptlyremoved。

Iwashappilysurprisedwithmytall，statelydaughter，MargueriteBerry。

Afine-lookinggirloftwenty，straight，strong，andsound，modestandpleasing。Shecanwalkmiles，sketchesfromnaturewithgreatskillandrapidity，andspeaksthreelanguages。Ihadalwayssaidtomysons：“Whenyoumarry，chooseawomanwithaspineandsoundteeth；remembertheteethshowtheconditionofthebonesintherestofthebody。“So，whenTheodoreintroducedhiswifetome，hesaid，“YouseeIhavefollowedyouradvice；

herspineisasstraightasitshouldbe，andeverytoothinherheadassoundasivory。“Thisremindsmeofayoungmanwhousedtoputmystovesupforthewinter。Hetoldmeonedaythathethoughtofgettingmarried。

“Well，“Isaid，“aboveallthingsgetawifewithaspineandsoundteeth。“

Stovepipeinhandheturnedtomewithalookofsurprise，andsaid：“Dotheyevercomewithoutspines？”

InJuly，1881，sittingunderthetrees，MissAnthonyandIreadanddiscussedWendellPhillips\'magnificentspeechbeforethePhiBetaKappaSocietyatHarvardCollege。Thissocietyhadoftentalkedofinvitinghim，butwasafraidofhisradicalutterances。Atlast，hopingthatyearsmighthavemodifiedhisopinionsandsomewhatsoftenedhisspeech，aninvitationwasgiven。TheeliteofBoston，thepresidentsandcollegeprofessorsfromfarandnear，werethere。Agreataudienceofthewise，thelearned，thedistinguishedinStateandChurchassembled。Suchaconservativeaudience，itwassupposed，wouldsurelyholdthisradicalincheck。Alas！theywerealldoomed，foronce，tohearthenakedtruth，oneveryvitalquestionoftheday。Thinkingthismightbehisonlyopportunitytorousesomeliberalthoughtinconservativeminds，hestruckthekeynoteofeveryreform；defendedlaborstrikes，theNihilistsofRussia，prohibition，womansuffrage，anddemandedreformationinourprisons，courtsofjustice，andhallsoflegislation。

Onthewomanquestion，hesaid：

“Socialscienceaffirmsthatwoman\'splaceinsocietymarksthelevelofcivilization。FromitstwilightinGreece，throughtheItalianworshipoftheVirgin，thedreamsofchivalry，thejusticeofthecivillaw，andtheequalityofFrenchsociety，wetracehergradualrecognition，whileourcommonlaw，asLordBroughamconfessed，was，withrelationtowomen，theopprobriumoftheageofChristianity。Forfortyyearsearnestmenandwomen，workingnoiselessly，havewashedawaytheopprobrium，thestatutebooksofthirtyStateshavebeenremodeled，andwomanstands，to-day，almostfacetofacewithherlastclaim杢heballot。Ithasbeenawearyandthankless，thoughsuccessfulstruggle。Butiftherebeanyrefugefromthatghastlycurse，theviceofgreatcities，beforewhichsocialsciencestandspalsiedanddumb，itisinthismoreequalrecognitionofwomen。

“If，inthiscriticalbattleforuniversalsuffrage，ourfathers\'noblestlegacytousandthegreatesttrustGodleavesinourhands，therebeanyweapon，which，oncetakenfromthearmory，willmakevictorycertain，itwillbeasithasbeeninart，literature，andsociety，summoningwomanintothepoliticalarena。Theliteraryclass，untilwithinhalfadozenyears，hastakennonoteofthisgreatuprising；onlytoflingeveryobstacleinitsway。

“ThefirstglimpsewegetofSaxonbloodinhistoryisthatlineofTacitusinhis\'Germany，\'whichreads，\'Inallgravematterstheyconsulttheirwomen。\'Yearshence，whenrobustSaxonsensehasflungawayJewishsuperstitionandEasternprejudice，andputunderitsfootfastidiousscholarshipandsqueamishfashion，somesecondTacitusfromthevalleyoftheMississippiwillanswertohimoftheSevenHills：\'Inallgravequestions，weconsultourwomen。\'

“IftheAlps，piledincoldandsilence，betheemblemofdespotism，wejoyfullytaketheeverrestlessoceanforours，onlypurebecauseneverstill。Tobeasgoodasourfathers，wemustbebetter。Theysilencedtheirfearsandsubduedtheirprejudices，inauguratingfreespeechandequalitywithnoprecedentonthefile。Letusrisetotheirlevel，crushappetite，andprohibittemptationifitrotsgreatcities；intrenchlaborinsufficientbulwarksagainstthatwealthwhich，withoutthetenfoldstrengthofmodernincorporations，wreckedtheGrecianandRomanstates；and，withasternereffortstill，summonwomanintocivillife，asre-enforcementtoourlaboringranks，intheefforttomakeourcivilizationasuccess。Sitnotlikethefigureonoursilvercoin，lookingeverbackward。“\'Newoccasionsteachnewduties，Timemakesancientgooduncouth，Theymustupwardstillandonward，Whowouldkeepabreastoftruth。

Lo！beforeusgleamherwatchfires？

Weourselvesmustpilgrimsbe，LaunchourMayflower，andsteerboldlyThroughthedesperatewintersea，Norattemptthefuture\'sportalWiththepast\'sblood-rustedkey。\'“ThatHarvardspeechinthefaceoffashion，bigotry，andconservatism杝oliberal，soeloquent，sobrave杋samodelforeveryyoungman，who，liketheorator，woulddevotehistalentstothebestinterestsoftherace，ratherthantohispersonalambitionformereworldlysuccess。

TowardtheendofOctober，MissAnthonyreturned，afterarestoftwomonths，andwecommencedworkagainonthesecondvolumeoftheHistory。

November2beingelectionday，theRepublicancarriage，decoratedwithflagsandevergreens，cametothedoorforvoters。AsIownedthehouseandpaidthetaxes，andasnoneofthewhitemaleswashome，IsuggestedthatImightgodownanddothevoting，whereuponthegentlemenwhorepresentedtheRepublicancommitteeurgedme，mostcordially，todoso。Accompaniedbymyfaithfulfriend，MissAnthony，westeppedintothecarriageandwenttothepoll，heldinthehotelwhereIusuallywenttopaytaxes。Whenweenteredtheroomitwascrowdedwithmen。IwasintroducedtotheinspectorsbyCharlesEverett，oneofourleadingcitizens，whosaid：“Mrs。Stantonishere，gentlemen，forthepurposeofvoting。Assheisataxpayer，ofsoundmind，andoflegalage，Iseenoreasonwhysheshouldnotexercisethisrightofcitizenship。“

Theinspectorswerethunderstruck。IthinktheywereafraidthatIwasabouttocapturetheballotbox。Oneplacedhisarmsroundit，withonehandcloseovertheaperturewheretheballotswereslippedin，andsaid，withmingledsurpriseandpity，“Oh，no，madam！Menonlyareallowedtovote。“Ithenexplainedtohimthat，inaccordancewiththeConstitutionofNewJersey，womenhadvotedinNewJerseydownto1801，whentheywereforbiddenthefurtherexerciseoftherightbyanarbitraryactofthelegislature，and，byarecentamendmenttothenationalConstitution，Congresshaddeclaredthat“allpersonsbornornaturalizedintheUnitedStates，andsubjecttothejurisdictionthereof，arecitizensoftheUnitedStatesandoftheStatewhereintheyreside“andareentitledtovote。ItoldthemthatIwishedtocastmyvote，asacitizenoftheUnitedStates，forthecandidatesforUnitedStatesoffices。Twooftheinspectorssatdownandpulledtheirhatsovertheireyes，whetherfromshameorignoranceIdonotknow。Theotherheldontothebox，andsaid“IknownothingabouttheConstitutions，Stateornational。Ineverreadeither；butIdoknowthatinNewJersey，womenhavenotvotedinmyday，andIcannotacceptyourballot。“SoIlaidmyballotinhishand，sayingthatIhadthesamerighttovotethatanymanpresenthad，andonhimmustresttheresponsibilityofdenyingmemyrightsofcitizenship。

AllthroughthewinterMissAnthonyandIworkeddiligentlyontheHistory。

MydaughterHarriotcamefromEuropeinFebruary，determinedthatIshouldreturnwithher，asshehadnotfinishedherstudies。ToexpeditemytaskontheHistorysheseizedthelaboringoar，preparedthelastchapterandcorrectedtheproofasopportunityoffered。Asthechildrenwerescatteredtothefourpointsofthecompassandmyhusbandspentthewinterinthecity，wedecidedtoleaseourhouseandalltakeaholiday。WespentamonthinNewYorkcity，busyontheHistorytothelasthour，withoccasionalintervalsofreceivingandvisitingfriends。AsIdreadedthevoyage，thedaysflewbytoofastformypleasure。ChapterXXI。ChapterXXI。CHAPTERXXI。INTHESOUTHOFFRANCE。HAVINGworkeddiligentlythroughnearlytwoyearsonthesecondvolumeof“TheHistoryofWomanSuffrage，“Ilookedforwardwithpleasuretoarest，intheOldWorld，beyondthereachandsoundofmybelovedSusanandthewomansuffragemovement。OnMay27，1892，IsailedwithmydaughterHarriotontheChâ；teauLé；ovilleforBordeaux。Themanyfriendswhocametoseeusoffbroughtfruitsandflowers，boxesofcandiedgingertowardoffseasickness，lettersofintroduction，andlightliteratureforthevoyage。Wehadallthedailyandweeklypapers，secularandreligious，thenewmonthlymagazines，andseveralnovels。Wethoughtwewoulddoanimmenseamountofreading，butwedidverylittle。Eating，sleeping，walkingondeck，andwatchingtheever-changingoceanareaboutallthatmostpeoplecaretodo。Thesaildowntheharborthatbright，warmeveningwasbeautiful，and，welingeredondeckinthemoonlightuntilalatehour。

Isleptbutlittle，thatnight，astwocatskeptrunninginandoutofmystateroom，andmyberthwassonarrowthatIcouldonlylieinoneposition朼sstraightasifalreadyinmycoffin。UndersuchcircumstancesIspentthenight，thinkingovereverythingthatwaspainfulinmywholelife，andimaginingallthedifferentcalamitiesthatmightbefallmyfamilyinmyabsence。Itwasanightofsevereintrospectionandintensedissatisfaction。

IwasgladwhenthemorningdawnedandIcouldgoondeck。Duringthedaymycouchwaswidenedonefoot，and，atnight，thecatsrelegatedtootherquarters。

Wehadasmooth，pleasant，uneventfulvoyage，untilthelastnight，when，onnearingtheFrenchcoast，theweatherbecamedarkandstormy。

Thenextmorningourgoodsteamerpushedslowlyandcarefullyupthebroad，muddyGirondeandlandedusonthebustlingquaysofBordeaux，wheremysonTheodorestoodwaitingtoreceiveus。Asweturnedtosayfarewelltooursturdyship杇azingupatitsblackironsidesbesprinkledwithsaltyfoam朼feelingofdeepthankfulnesstookpossessionofus，forshehadbeenfaithfultohertrust，andhadborneussafelyfromtheNewWorldtotheOld，overthousandsofmilesoftreacheroussea。

WespentadayindrivingaboutBordeaux，enjoyingthemerefactofrestorationtoterrafirmaaftertwelvedays\'imprisonmentontheocean。Maritimecitiesaremuchthesamealltheworldover。Theforestsofmasts，theheavilyladendrays，theloungingsailors，therough\'longshoremen，andthedirtyquays，arenomorecharacteristicofBordeauxthanNewYork，London，andLiverpool。ButBordeauxwasinterestingasthebirthplaceofMontesquieuandasthecapitalofancientGuienneandGascony。

ButImustnotforgettomentionanaccidentthathappenedonlandingatBordeaux。Wehadinnumerablepiecesofbaggage，ababycarriage，rockingchair，aboxof“TheHistoryofWomanSuffrage“forforeignlibraries，besidestheusualnumberoftrunksandsatchels，andonehamper，inwhichweremanythingswewereundecidedwhethertotakeorleave。Intothis，aloadedpistolhadbeencarelesslythrown。

ThehamperbeinghandledwithanemphaticjerkbysomejovialFrenchsailor，thepistolexploded，shootingthebearerthroughtheshoulder。Hefellbleedingonthequay。Thedynamitescarebeingjustatitsheight，thegeneralconsternationwasindescribable。EveryFrenchman，withvehementgestures，waschatteringtohisutmostcapacity，butkeepingatarespectfuldistancefromthehamper。Nooneknewwhathadcausedthetrouble；butTheodorewasboundtomakeaninvestigation。Heproceededtountietheropesandexaminethecontents，andtherehefoundthepistol，fromwhich，pointingupward，hefiredtwootherbullets。“Alas！”saidHattie，“Iputthatpistolthere，neverdreamingitwasloaded。“Thewoundedmanwastakentothehospital。Hisinjurieswereveryslight，buttheincidentcostustwothousandfrancsandnoendofannoyance。Iwasthankfulthatbysomechancethepistolhadnotgoneoffintheholdofthevesselandsettheshiponfire，andpossiblysacrificedthreehundredlivesthroughonegirl\'scarelessness。Verilywecannotbetoocarefulintheuseoffirearms。

Bordeauxisaqueeroldtown，withitsinnumerablesoldiersandpriestsperambulatinginalldirections。Thepriests，inlongblackgownsandlargeblackhats，haveasolemnaspect；butthesoldiers，walkinglazilyalong，orguardingbuildingsthatseeminnodangerfromanylivingthing，areuselessandridiculous。Theheavycartsandharnessmovetheunaccustomedobservertoconstantpityforthehorses。Besideseverythingthatisnecessaryforlocomotion，theyhaveanendlessnumberofornaments，risingtwoorthreefeetabovethehorses\'heads杊orns，bells，feathers，andtassels。

Oneoftheircartswouldweighasmuchasthreeofours，andalltheircarriagesareequallyheavy。

Itwasabright，cooldayonwhichwetookthetrainforToulouse，andweenjoyedthedelightfulrunthroughtheveryheartofoldGasconyandLanguedoc。ItwasevidentthatwewereintheSouth，wherethesunisstrong，for，althoughsummerhadscarcelybegun，thecountryalreadyworeabrownhue。Butthenarrowstripsofgrowinggrain，theacresofgrapevines，lookinglikeyoungcurrantbushes，andthefigtreesscatteredhereandthere，lookedoddtotheeyeofanativeofNewYork。

WepassedmanyhistoricalspotsduringthatafternoonjourneyupthevalleyoftheGaronne。AtPortetsaretheruinsoftheChâ；teauofLangoiran，builtbeforeAmericawasdiscovered，and，afewmilesfartheron，wecametotheregionofthefamouswinesofSauterneandChâ；teau-Yquem。

SaintMacaireisaveryancientGallo-Romantown，wheretheyshowonechurches，walls，andhousesbuiltfifteencenturiesago。OneofthelargesttownshasahistorytypicalofthispartofFrance，wherewarsofreligionandconquestwereoncetheorderoftheday。ItwastakenandretakenbytheGoths，Huns，Burgundians，andSaracens，nobodyknowshowmanytimes，andbelonged，successively，tothekingsofFrance，tothedukesofAquitaine，tothekingsofEngland，andtothecountsofToulouse。IsometimeswonderwhethertheinhabitantsofourAmericantowns，whosegrowthanddevelopmenthavebeenfreeanduntrammeledasthatofafavoritechild，appreciatetheblessingsthathavebeentheirs。HowtruethelinesofGoethe：“America，thouartmuchhappierthanouroldcontinent；thouhastnocastlesinruins，nofortresses；nouselessremembrances，novainenemieswillinterrupttheinwardworkingsofthylife！”

WepassedthroughMoissac，withitscelebratedorgan，agiftofMazarin；

throughCastleSarrazin，foundedbytheSaracensintheeighthcentury；

throughMontauban，thatstrongholdoftheearlyProtestants，whichsufferedmartyrdomforitsreligiousfaith；throughGrisolles，builtonaRomanhighway，and，atlast，intheduskoftheevening，wereached“theCapitaloftheSouth，“thatcityoflearning朿urious，interestingoldToulouse。

LauraCurtisBullard，inhersketchofmein“OurFamousWomen，“says：

“In1882，Mrs。StantonwenttoFrance，onavisittohersonTheodore，andspentthreemonthsattheconventofLaSagesse，inthecityofToulouse。“

Thisisquitetrue；butIhavesometimestriedtoguesswhatherreadersthoughtIwasdoingforthreemonthsinaconvent。Wearyofthetrialsandtribulationsofthisworld，hadIgonetheretoprepareinsolitudeforthenext？HadItakentheveilinmyoldage？Or，likehigh-churchAnglicansandRomanCatholics，hadImadethismyretreat？Notatall。

MydaughterwishedtostudyFrenchadvantageously，mysonlivedinthemountainshardby，andthegardenofLaSagesse，withitsbigtrees，cleangravelpaths，andcoolshade，wasthemostdelightfulspot。

InthisreligiousretreatImet，fromtimetotime，someofthemostradicalandliberal-mindedresidentsoftheSouth。ToulouseisoneofthemostimportantuniversitycentersofFrance，andbearswithcredittheproudtitleof“thelearnedcity。“Withtwodistinguishedmembersofthefaculty，thelateDr。NicholasJolyandProfessorMolinerofthelawschool，Ioftenhadmostinterestingdiscussionsonallthegreatquestionsofthehour。Thatthreeheretics朓shouldsay，six，formydaughter，son，andhiswifeoftenjoinedthecircle朿ouldthussitinperfectsecurity，anddebate，inthemostunorthodoxfashion，intheseholyprecincts，allthereforms，social，political，andreligious，whichtheUnitedStatesandFranceneedinordertobeinharmonywiththespiritoftheage，wasastrikingproofoftheprogresstheworldhasmadeinfreedomofspeech。

Thetimewaswhensuchactswouldhavecostusourlives，evenifwehadbeencaughtexpressingourheresiesintheseclusionofourownhomes。

Buthere，undertheoaksofaCatholicconvent，withthegray-robedsistersallaroundus，wecouldpointoutthefallaciesofRomanismitself，withoutfearortrembling。GloriousNineteenthCentury，whatconquestsarethine！

IshallsaynothingofthepicturesquestreetsofantiqueToulouse；

nothingofthepriests，whoswarmlikechildreninanEnglishtown；nothingofthebeautifullycarvedstonefaç；adesoftheancientmansions，onceinhabitedbythenobilityofLanguedoc，butnowgivenuptotradeandcommerce；nothingoftheloftybrickcathedrals，whoseexteriorsremindoneofLondonandwhoseinteriorstransferyouto“thegorgeousEast“；

nothingoftheCapitol，withitsgalleryrichinbustsofthecelebratedsonsoftheSouth；nothingofthemuseum，thepublicgarden，andthebroadriverwindingthroughall。ImustleavealltheseinterestingfeaturesofToulouseandhastenupintotheBlackMountains，afewmilesaway，whereIsawthecountrylifeofmodernLanguedoc。

AtJacournassy，thecountryseatofMme。Berry，whosedaughtermysonTheodoremarried，Ispentamonthfullofsurprises。HoweverythingdifferedfromAmerica，andevenfromtheplainbelow！Thepeasants，manyofthematleast，canneitherspeakFrenchnorunderstandit。Theirlanguageisapatois，resemblingbothSpanishandItalian，andtheyclingtoitwithastonishingpertinacity。Theiragriculturalimplementsarenotlessquaintthantheirspeech。Theplowisalongbeamwithamostprimitiveshareinthemiddle，acowatoneend，andaboyattheother。Thegrainiscutwithasickleandthreshedwithaflailonthebarnfloor，asinScripturetimes。Manureisscatteredoverthefieldswiththehands。Therewasacertainpleasureinstudyingtheseold-timeways。Icaughtglimpsesoftheanti-revolutionaryepoch，whenthekingruledthestateandthenoblesheldthelands。HereagainIsaw，asneverbefore，whatvaststridestheworldhasmadewithinonecentury。

But，indoors，onereturnstomoderntimes。Thetable，beds，roomsofthechâ；teauweremuchthesameasthoseofToulouseandNewYorkcity。Thecookingisnotlikeours，however，unlessDelmonico\'sskillbesupposedtohaveextendedtoallthehomesinManhattanIsland，whichis，unfortunately，notthecase。WhatanadmirableproductofFrenchgeniusistheartofcooking！OfincalculablevaluehavebeentheculinaryteachingsofVatelandhisfollowers。

Oneofthesourcesofamusement，duringmysojournatJacournassy，wasofaliterarynature。MysonTheodorewasthenbusycollectingthematerialsforhisbookentitled“TheWomanQuestioninEurope，“andeverypostbroughtinmanuscriptsandlettersfromallpartsofthecontinent，writteninalmosteverytongueknowntoBabel。SojustwhatIcameabroadtoavoid，IfoundontheverythresholdwhereIcametorest。Wehadgoodlinguistsatthechâ；teau，andeverydocumentfinallycameforthinEnglishdress，which，however，oftenneededmuchalteringandpolishing。Thiswasmypartofthework。So，awayoffintheheartofFrance，highupintheBlackMountains，surroundedwithFrench-speakingrelativesandpatois-speakingpeasants，IfoundmyselfoncemoreputtingbadEnglishintothebestI

couldcommand，justasIhadsooftendoneinAmerica，wheneditorofTheRevolution，orwhenarrangingmanuscriptfor“TheHistoryofWomanSuffrage。“Butitwaslaborinthecauseofmysex；itwasaidinginthecreationof“TheWomanQuestioninEurope，“andsomypendidnotgrowslacknormyhandweary。

ThesceneryintheBlackMountainsisverygrand，andremindsoneoftheloftyrangesofmountainsaroundtheYosemiteValleyinCalifornia。

Inthedistancearethesnow-cappedPyrenees，producingasolemnbeauty，aprofoundsolitude。Weusedtogoeveryeveningwherewecouldseethesunsetandwatchthechangingshadowsinthebroadvalleybelow。Anothergreatpleasureherewaswatchingthegradualdevelopmentofmyfirstgrandchild，ElizabethCadyStanton，bornatParis，onthe3dofMay，1882。Shewasafinechild；thoughonlythreemonthsoldherheadwascoveredwithdarkhair，andherlargeblueeyeslookedoutwithintenseearnestnessfrombeneathherwell-shapedbrow。

OnenightIhadaterriblefright。Iwastheonlypersonsleepingonthegroundfloorofthechâ；teau，andmyroomwasattheextremeendofthebuilding，withthestaircaseontheotherside。Ihadfrequentlybeencautionednottoleavemywindowsopen，assomeonemightgetin。But，asIalwayssleptwithanopenwindow，winterandsummer，IthoughtIwouldtaketheriskratherthanendureafeelingofsuffocationnightafternight。

Theblindsweresolid，andtoclosethemwastoexcludealltheair，soIleftthemopenaboutafoot，bracedbyanironhook。Afavoriteresortforapetdonkeywasundermywindow，wherehehaduniformlysleptinprofoundsilence。Butonegloriousmoonlightnight，probablytoarousemetoenjoywithhimtheexquisitebeautyofoursurroundings，heputhisnosethroughthisapertureandgaveoneofthemostprolonged，resoundingbraysIeverheard。Startledfromadeepsleep，IwassofrightenedthatatfirstI

couldnotmove。Mynextimpulsewastorushoutandarousethefamily，but，seeingadarkheadinthewindow，IthoughtIwouldslamdowntheheavysashandchecktheintruderbeforestarting。ButjustasIapproachedthewindow，anotheragonizingbrayannouncedtheinnocentcharacterofmymidnightvisitor。Stretchingoutofthewindowtofrightenhimaway，agentlemanintheroomaboveme，forthesamepurpose，dasheddownapailofwater，whichthedonkeyandIsharedequally。Heranoffatadouble-quickpace，whileImadeahastyretreat。

OnAugust20，IreturnedtoToulouseandourquietconvent。ThesistersgavemeamostaffectionatewelcomeandIhadmanypleasantchats，sittinginthegardens，withthepriestsandprofessors。SeveraltimesmydaughterandIattendedHighMassinthecathedral，builtintheeleventhcentury。

Beingentirelynewtousitwasamostentertainingspectacularperformance。

WithourAmericanideasofreligiousdevotion，itseemedtousthatthepeople，aswellasthebuilding，belongedtotheDarkAges。Aboutfiftypriests，inmantles，gowns，andcapes，someblack，someyellow，杦ithtinseledfringesandornamentation，杦ithallmannerofgestures，genuflections，salutations，kneelings，andburningofincense；withprayers，admonitions，andsacraments，filledthealtarwithconstantmotion。

Atallman，dressedinred，wheeledinalargebasketfilledwithbread，whichthepriests，withcupsofwine，passedupanddownamongthosekneelingatthealtar。Atleasthalfadozentimestheplacesatthealtarwerefilled朿hieflywithwomen。Wecountedthemen，杘nlyseven，朼ndthosewereoldandtremulous，withonefootinthegrave。Thewholeperformancewashollowandmechanical。Peoplewalkedin，crossedthemselvesatthedoorwithholywater，and，whilekneelingandsayingtheirprayers，lookedaboutexaminingthedressofeachnewcomer，theirlipsmovingthroughout，satisfiedinreelingofftheallottednumberofprayersinagiventime。Theoneredeemingfeatureinthewholeperformancewasthegrandmusic。Thedeep-tonedorgan，whosesoundsreverberatedthroughtheloftyarches，wasveryimpressive。

Theconventconsistedofthreelargebuildings，eachthreestorieshigh，andaresidenceforthepriests；alsoachapel，wherewomen，attheirdevotions，mightbeseenatvarioushoursfromfouro\'clockinthemorninguntilevening。

Inclosedwithinahighstonewallwerebeautifulgardenswithfountainsandshrines，whereimagesofdepartedsaints，inalcoveslightedwithtaperswereworshipedoncertaindaysoftheyear。

Suchwereourenvironments，andourmindsnaturallyoftendweltonthenatureandpowerofthereligionthathadbuiltupandmaintainedforcenturiesthesepeacefulresorts，wherecultivated，scholarlymen，andwomenoffinesensibilities，couldfindrestfromthestrugglesoftheoutsideworld。

Thesisters，whomanagedthislargeestablishment，seemedhappyinthemidstoftheirsevereandmultifariousduties。OftheundercurrentoftheirlivesIcouldnotjudge，butonthesurfaceallseemedsmoothandsatisfactory。

Theyevidentlytookgreatpleasureinthesocietyofeachother。Everyevening，fromsixtoeight，theyallsatinthegardensinacircletogether，sewing，knitting，andchatting，withoccasionalmerryburstsoflaughter。

Theirexistenceisnot，bymanydegrees，asmonotonousasthatofmostwomeninisolatedhouseholds杄speciallyofthefarmer\'swifeinhersolitaryhome，milesawayfromavillageandapostoffice。Theytaughtaschooloffiftyorphangirls，wholivedintheconvent，andforwhomtheyfrequentlyhadentertainments。TheyalsohadafewboardersoftheoldaristocracyofFrance，whohatetheRepublicandstillclingtotheirbeliefinPopesandKings。Forthepurposeofperfectingherselfinthelanguage，mydaughterembracedeveryopportunitytotalkwithallshemet，andthuslearnedthesecretsoftheirinnerlife。AsSisterRosespokeEnglish，IgleanedfromherwhatknowledgeIcouldastotheirviewsoftimeandeternity。IfoundtheirfaithhadnotmademuchprogressthroughtheterribleupheavalsoftheFrenchRevolution。AlthoughtheJesuitshavebeendrivenoutofFrance，andthepicturesofSaints，theVirginMary，andChrist，havebeenbanishedfromthewallsoftheirschoolsandcolleges，thesincereCatholicsaremoredevotedtotheirreligionbecauseoftheseverypersecutions。

Theodore，hiswife，andbaby，andMr。Blatch，ayoungEnglishman，cametovisitus。Thesistersandschoolchildrenmanifestedgreatdelightinthebaby，andtheformerequalpleasureinMr。Blatch\'smarkedattentiontomydaughter，asbabiesandcourtshipswereunusualtableauxinaconvent。

Asmydaughterwasstudyingforauniversitydegreeinmathematics，IwentwithhertotheLycee，adrearyapartmentinagloomyoldbuildingwithbarewalls，barefloors，dilapidateddesksandbenches，andanoldrustystove。Yetmidsuchsurroundings，theprofessoralwaysappearedinfulldress，makingastatelybowtohisclass。IhadheardsomuchoftheuniversitiesofFrancethatIhadpicturedtomyselfgrandbuildings，likethoseofouruniversities；but，instead，Ifoundthatthelecturesweregiveninisolatedrooms，here，there，andanywhere杣niformlydrearyinsideandoutside。

ThefirstdaywecalledonProfessorDepesyrons。Aftermakingallourarrangementsforbooksandlectures，hesuddenlyturnedtomydaughter，and，pointingtotheflouncesonherdress，herjauntyhat，andsomeflowersinabuttonhole，hesmiled，andsaid：“Allthis，andyetyoulovemathematics？”

Asweenteredthecourt，onourwaytotheLycé；eandinquiredfortheprofessor\'slectureroom，thestudentsinlittlegroupswatchedusclosely。Theonewhoescortedusaskedseveralquestions，anddiscovered，byouraccent，thatwewereforeigners，asufficientexcuseforthenoveltyofourproceeding。Theprofessorreceivedusmostgraciously，andorderedthejanitortobringuschairs，table，paper，andpencils。

Thenwechattedpleasantlyuntilthehourarrivedforhislecture。AsIhadbutlittleinterestinthesubject，andastheproblemswerepronouncedinaforeigntongue，Itookmyafternoonnap。Therewasnodangerofaffrontingtheprofessorbysuchindifferencetohiseloquence，ashefacedtheblackboard，fillingitwithsignsandfiguresasrapidlyaspossible；thenexpungingthemtorefillagainandagain，withoutabreakinhisexplanations；talkingasfastashishandmoved。Harriotstruggledseveraldaystofollowhim，butfounditimpossible，sowegaveupthechaseaftercubesandsquares，andshedevotedherselfwhollytothestudyofthelanguage。Theseweredays，forme，ofperfectrestandpeace。Everythingmovedasifbymagic，nohurryandbustle，neveracrossorimpatientwordspoken。AsonlyoneortwoofthesistersspokeEnglish，Icouldreadunderthetreesuninterruptedlyforhours。Emerson，Ruskin，andCarlyleweremychosencompanions。

WemadeseveralpleasantacquaintancesamongsomeIrishfamilieswhoweretryingtoliveontheirreducedincomesinToulouse。Oneofthesegaveusafarewellball。AsseveralcompaniesoftheFrencharmywerestationedthere，wemetalargenumberofofficersattheball。IhadalwayssupposedtheFrenchweregracefuldancers。Iwasaquiet“lookeroninVienna，“

soIhadanopportunityofcomparingtheskillofthedifferentnationalities。

AlladmittedthatnoneglidedaboutsoeasilyandgracefullyastheAmericans。

Theyseemedtomovewithouttheleasteffort，whiletheEnglish，theFrench，andtheGermanslaboredintheirdancing，bobbingupanddown，jumpingandjerking，outofbreathandredinthefaceinfiveminutes。OnegreatpleasurewehadinToulousewasthemusicofthemilitarybandinthepublicgardens，where，forhalfacent，wecouldhaveachairandenjoypureairandsweetmusicfortwohours。

WegaveafarewelldinnerattheTivollierHô；teltosomeofourfriends。Withspeechesandtoastswehadamerrytime。ProfessorJolywasthelifeoftheoccasion。HehadbeenateacherinFranceforfortyyearsandhadjustretiredonapension。Ipresentedtohim“TheHistoryofWomanSuffrage，“andhewroteamostcomplimentaryreviewofitinoneoftheleadingFrenchjournals。Everyholidaymusthaveitsend。OtherdutiescalledmetoEngland。So，afterahastygood-bytoJacournassyandLaSagesse，totheBlackMountainsandToulouse，toLanguedocandtheSouth，wetooktrainonedayinOctober，justasthefirstleavesbegantofall，and，infourteenhours，wereatParis。IhadnotseenthebeautifulFrenchcapitalsince1840。Mysojournwithinitsenchantingwallswasshort，杢ooshort，朼ndIwokeonemorningtofindmyself，afteranabsenceofforty-twoyears，againontheshoresofEngland，andbeforemyeyeswerefairlyopen，grimoldLondonwelcomedmeback。Butthemanyhappyhoursspentin“merryEngland“

duringthewinterof1882-83havenoteffacedfrommymemorythefourmonthsinLanguedoc。ChapterXXII。ChapterXXII。CHAPTERXXII。REFORMSANDREFORMERSINGREATBRITAIN。REACHINGLondoninthefogsandmistsofNovember，1882，thefirstpersonImet，afteraseparationofmanyyears，wasourreveredandbelovedfriendWilliamHenryChanning。Thetall，gracefulformwassomewhatbent；thesweet，thoughtfulfacesomewhatsadder；thecrimesandmiseriesoftheworldseemedheavyonhisheart。Withhisrefined，nervousorganization，thegloomymoralandphysicalatmosphereofLondonwasthelastplaceonearthwherethatbeautifullifeshouldhaveended。IfoundhiminearnestconversationwithmydaughterandtheyoungEnglishmanshewassoontomarry，advisingthemnotonlyastotheimportanceofthesteptheywereabouttotake，butastotheminorpointstobeobservedintheceremony。

AttheappointedtimeafewfriendsgatheredinPortlandStreetChapel，andasweapproachedthealtarourfriendappearedinsurpliceandgown，hispale，spiritualfacemoretenderandbeautifulthanever。Thiswasthelastmarriageserviceheeverperformed，anditwasaspatheticasoriginal。Hiswholeappearancewassoinharmonywiththeexquisitesentimentsheuttered，thatwewholistenedfeltasif，forthetimebeing，wehadenteredwithhimintotheHolyofHolies。

Sometimeafter，MissAnthonyandIcalledonhimtoreturnourthanksfortheverycomplimentaryreviewhehadwrittenof“TheHistoryofWomanSuffrage。“Hethankedusinturnforthemanypleasantmemorieswehadrevivedinthosepages，“but，“saidhe，“theyhavefilledmewithindignation，too，attherepeatedinsultsofferedtowomensoearnestlyengagedinhonestendeavorsfortheupliftingofmankind。Iblushedformysexmorethanonceinreadingthesevolumes。“Welingeredlong，talkingovertheeventsconnectedwithourgreatstruggleforfreedom。Hedweltwithtendernessonourdisappointments，andenteredmorefullyintothehumiliationssufferedbywomen，thananymanweevermet。Hisviewswereasappreciativeofthehumiliationofwoman，throughthedegradationofsex，asthoseexpressedbyJohnStuartMillinhiswonderfulworkon“TheSubjectionofWomen。“

HewasintenselyinterestedinFrancesPowerCobbe\'seffortstosuppressvivisection，andthelasttimeIsawhimhewaspresidingataparlormeetingwhereDr。ElizabethBlackwellgaveanadmirableaddressonthecauseandcureofthesocialevil。Mr。Channingspokebeautifullyinclosing，payingawarmandmeritedcomplimenttoDr。Blackwell\'sclearandconcisereviewofallthedifficultiesinvolvedinthequestion。

ReadingsomuchofEnglishreformersinourjournals，oftheBrights，McLarens，theTaylors；ofLydiaBecker，JosephineButler，andOctaviaHill，andoftheirgreatdemonstrationswithlordsandmembersofParliamentinthechair，杦ehadlongedtocomparetheactorsinthosesceneswithourspeakersonthissideofthewater。Atlastwemetthemoneandallingreatpublicmeetingsandparlorreunions，atdinnersandreceptions。

WelistenedtotheirpublicmeninParliament，thecourts，andthepulpit；

tothewomenintheirvariousassemblies；andcametotheconclusionthatAmericanssurpasstheminoratoryandtheconductoftheirmeetings。A

hesitating，apologeticmannerseemstobethenationalcustomforanexordiumonallquestions。Eventheirablestmenwhohavevisitedthiscountry，suchasKingsley，Stanley，Arnold，Tyndall，andColeridge，haveallbeencriticisedbytheAmericanpublicfortheirelocutionarydefects。TheyhavenospeakerstocomparewithWendellPhillips，GeorgeWilliamCurtis，orAnnaDickinson，althoughJohnBrightiswithoutpeeramonghiscountrymen，asisMrs。Besantamongthewomen。Thewomen，asageneralrule，aremorefluentthanthemen。

IreachedEnglandintimetoattendthegreatdemonstrationinGlasgow，tocelebratetheextensionofthemunicipalfranchisetothewomenofScotland。

Itwasaremarkableoccasion。St。Andrew\'simmensehallwaspackedwithwomen；afewmenwereadmittedtothegalleryathalfacrownapiece。Overfivethousandpeoplewerepresent。WhenaScotchaudienceisthoroughlyroused，nothingcanequaltheenthusiasm。Thearrivalofthespeakersontheplatformwasannouncedwiththewildestapplause；theentireaudiencerising，wavingtheirhandkerchiefs，andclappingtheirhands，andeverycomplimentpaidthepeopleofScotlandwasreceivedwithsimilaroutbursts。

Mrs。McLaren，asisterofJohnBright，presided，andmadetheopeningspeech。

Ihadthehonor，onthisoccasion，ofaddressinganaudienceforthefirsttimeintheOldWorld。Manyothersspokebriefly。Thereweretoomanyspeakers；

noonehadtimetowarmuptothepointofeloquence。

Oursystemofconventions，oftwoorthreedays\'duration，withlongspeechesdiscussingpointedandradicalresolutions，isquiteunknowninEngland。Theirmeetingsconsistofonesessionofafewhours，intowhichtheycrowdallthespeakerstheycansummon。Theyhaveafewtame，printedresolutions，onwhichtherecanbenopossibledifferenceofopinion，withthenamesofthosewhoaretospeakappended。Eachoftheseisreadandafewshortspeechesaremade，thatmayormaynothavetheslightestreferencetotheresolutions，whicharethenpassed。ThelastisusuallyoneofthankstosomelordormemberoftheHouseofCommons，whomayhavecondescendedtopresideatthemeetingordosomethingforthemeasureinParliament。

TheQueenisreferredtotenderlyinmostofthespeeches，althoughshehasneverdoneanythingtomerittheapprobationoftheadvocatesofsuffrageforwomen。

FromGlasgowquitealargepartyoftheBrightsandMcLarenswenttoEdinburgh，wheretheHon。DuncanMcLarengaveusawarmwelcometoNewingtonHouse，undertheveryshadowoftheSalisburycrags。TheseandthePentlandHillsareremarkablefeaturesinthelandscapeasyouapproachthisbeautifulcitywithitsmountainsandcastles。Wepassedafewcharmingdaysdrivingabout，visitingoldfriends，anddiscussingthestatusofwomanonbothsidesoftheAtlantic。HerewemetElizabethPeaseNicholandJaneandElizaWigham，whomIhadnotseensincewesattogetherintheWorld\'sAnti-slaveryConvention，inLondon，in1840。YetIknewMrs。Nicholatonce；herstronglymarkedfacewasnotreadilyforgotten。

IwentwiththefamilyonSundaytotheFriends\'meeting，whereamostunusualmanifestationforthatdecoroussectoccurred。Ihadbeentoldthat，ifIfeltinclined，itwouldbeconsideredquiteproperformetomakesomeremarks，andjustasIwasrevolvinganopeningsentencetoafewthoughtsIdesiredtopresent，amanaroseinaremotepartofthehouseandbegan，inalowvoice，togivehistestimonyastothetruththatwasinhim。Alleyeswereturnedtowardhim，whensuddenlyaFriendleanedoverthebackoftheseat，seizedhiscoattailsandjerkedhimdowninamostemphaticmanner。Thepoormanburiedhisfaceinhishands，andmaintainedaprofoundsilence。Ilearnedafterwardthathewasabore，andtheFriendintherearthoughtitwisetoniphiminthebud。ThissceneputtoflightallintentionsofspeakingonmypartlestI，too，mightgetoutsidetheprescribedlimitsandbesuppressedbyforce。Idined，thatday，withMrs。Nichol，atHuntlyLodge，whereshehasentertainedinturnmanyofourAmericanreformers。HerwallshaveechoedtothevoicesofGarrison，Rogers，SamuelJ。May，ParkerPillsbury，HenryC。Wright，Douglass，Remond，andhostsofEnglishphilanthropists。

Thoughovereightyyearsofage，shewasstillawaketoallquestionsofthehour，andgenerousinherhospitalitiesasofyore。

Mrs。MargaretLucas，whosewholesoulwasinthetemperancemovement，escortedmefromEdinburghtoManchester，tobepresentatanothergreatdemonstrationintheTownHall，thefinestbuildinginthatdistrict。Ithadjustbeencompleted，and，withitsanteroom，dininghall，andvariousapartmentsforsocialentertainments，wasbyfarthemostperfecthallIhadseeninEngland。ThereIwasentertainedbyMrs。MatildaRoby，who，withherhusband，gavemeamosthospitablereception。Sheinvitedseveralfriendstoluncheononeday，amongothersMissLydiaBecker，editoroftheSuffrageJournalinthatcity，andtheRev。Mr。Steinthal，whohadvisitedthiscountryandspokenonourplatform。ThechieftopicatthetablewasJohnStuartMill，hislife，character，writings，andhispositionwithreferencetothepoliticalrightsofwomen。IntheeveningwewenttoseeRistoriin“QueenElizabeth。“Havingseenher，manyyearsbefore，inAmerica，Iwassurprisedtofindherstillsovigorous。Andthus，weekafterweek，suffragemeetings，receptions，dinners，luncheons，andtheaterspleasantlyalternated。

ThefollowingSundayweheardinLondonagrandsermonfromMoncureD。Conway，andhadapleasantinterviewwithhimandMrs。Conwayatthecloseofthesession。Laterwewentspentafewdaysattheirartistichome，filledwithbooks，pictures，andmomentosfromlovingfriends。A

billiardroom，withwell-worncues，balls，andtable杚uiteanoveladjuncttoaparsonage杕ay，inameasure，accountforhisvigoroussermons。AgardenreceptiontoMr。andMrs。HowellsgaveusanopportunitytoseetheAmericannovelistsurroundedbyhisEnglishfriends。

SoonafterthisMr。Conwayaskedmetofillhispulpit。IretiredSaturdaynight，verynervousovermysermonforthenextday，andthefeelingsteadilyincreaseduntilIreachedtheplatform；butoncetheremyfearswerealldissipated，andIneverenjoyedspeakingmorethanonthatoccasion，forIhadbeensolongoppressedwiththedegradationofwomanundercanonlawandchurchdiscipline，thatIhadasenseofreliefinpouringoutmyindignation。Mythemewas，“WhathasChristianitydoneforWoman？”andbythefactsofhistoryIshowedclearlythattonoformofreligionwaswomanindebtedforoneimpulseoffreedom，asallalikehavetaughtherinferiorityandsubjection。Noloftyvirtuescanemanatefromsuchacondition。

Whateverheightsofdignityandpuritywomenhaveindividuallyattainedcaninnowaybeattributedtothedogmasoftheirreligion。

WithmysonTheodore，alwaysdeeplyinterestedinmyfriendsandpublicwork，Icalled，duringmystayinLondon，onMrs。Grey，MissJessieBoucherett，andDr。Hoggan，whohadwrittenessaysfor“TheWomanQuestioninEurope“；

onourAmericanminister(Mr。Lowell)，Mr。andMrs。GeorgeW。Smalley，andmanyothernotablemenandwomen。ByappointmentwehadanhourwiththeHon。JohnBright，athisresidenceonPiccadilly。Ashisphotograph，withhisfame，hadreachedAmerica，hisfinefaceandhead，aswellashispoliticalopinions，werequitefamiliartous。Hereceiveduswithgreatcordiality，andmanifestedaclearknowledgeanddeepinterestinregardtoallAmericanaffairs。Freetradeandwomansuffrageformedthebasisofourconversation；theliteratureofourrespectivecountriesandourgreatmenandwomenwerethelightertopicsoftheoccasion。Hewasnotsoundinregardtothepoliticalrightsofwomen，butitisnotgiventoanyonemantobeequallyclearonallquestions。HevotedforJohnStuartMill\'samendmenttotheHouseholdSuffrageBillin1867，buthesaid，“thatwasapersonalfavortoafriend，withoutanystrongconvictionsastothemeritsofwhatIconsideredapurelysentimentalmeasure。“

WeattendedthemeetingcalledtorejoiceoverthepassageoftheMarriedWomen\'sPropertyBill，whichgavetothewomenofEngland，in1882，whatwehadenjoyedinmanyStatesinthiscountrysince1848。Mrs。JacobBright，Mrs。Scatcherd，Mrs。Elmy，andseveralmembersofParliamentmadeshortspeechesofcongratulationtothosewhohadbeeninstrumentalincarryingthemeasure。ItwasgenerallyconcededthattothetactandpersistenceofMrs。JacobBright，morethantoanyotherperson，belongedthecreditofthatachievement。JacobBrightwasatthetimeamemberofParliament，andfullyinsympathywiththebill；and，whileMrs。Brightexertedallhersocialinfluencetomakeitpopularwiththemembers，herhusband，thoroughlyversedinParliamentarytactics，availedhimselfofeverytechnicalitytopushthebillthroughtheHouseofCommons。Mrs。Bright\'schiefobjectinsecuringthisbill，asidefromestablishingtherightthateveryhumanbeinghastohisownproperty，wastoplacedmarriedwomenonanevenplanewithwidowsandspinsters，therebymakingthemqualifiedvoters。

ThenextdaywewentouttoBarnElmstovisitMr。andMrs。CharlesMcLaren。HewasamemberofParliament，aQuakerbybirthandeducation，andhadsustained，tohisuttermostability，thesuffragemovement。Hischarmingwife，thedaughterofMrs。Pochin，isworthyofthenoblemotherwhowasamongtheearliestleadersonthatquestion杝peakingandwritingwithability，onallphasesofthesubject。BarnElmsisagrandoldestate，afewmilesoutsideofLondon。ItwasthedairyfarmofQueenElizabethandwaspresentedbyhertoSirFrancisWalsingham。Sincethenithasbeeninhabitedbymanypersonsofnote。IthasexistedasanestatesincethetimeoftheearlySaxonkings，andtherecordofthesaleofBarnElmsinthetimeofKingAthelstaneisstillextant。Whatwithitswell-keptlawns，fineoldtrees，glimpseshereandthereoftheThameswindingrounditsborders，anditswealthofoldassociations，itis，indeed，acharmingspot。OurmemoryofthosedayswillnotgobacktoSaxonkings，butremainwiththeliberalhostandhostess，thebeautifulchildren，andthemanycharmingacquaintanceswemetatthatfireside。Idoubtwhetheranyoftheancientlordsandladieswhodispensedtheirhospitalitiesunderthatroofdidinanywaysurpassthepresentoccupants。Mrs。McLaren，interestedinallthereformsoftheday，isradicalinherideas，abrillianttalker，and，foronesoyoung，remarkablywellinformedonallpoliticalquestions。

ItwasatBarnElmsImet，forthefirsttime，Mrs。FannieHertz，towhomIwasindebtedformanypleasantacquaintancesafterward。SheissaidtoknowmoredistinguishedliterarypeoplethananyotherwomaninLondon。

Isawher，too，severaltimesinherhome；meeting，atherSunday-afternoonreceptions，manypersonsIwasdesiroustoknow。OnoneoccasionIfoundGeorgeJacobHolyoakethere，surroundedbyseveralyoungladies，allstoutlydefendingtheNihilistsinRussia，andtheirrighttoplottheirwaytofreedom。TheycountedadynastyofCzarsasnothinginthebalancewiththelibertiesofawholepeople。AsIjoinedthecircle，Mr。Holyoakecalledmyattentiontothefactthathewastheonlyoneinfavorofpeacefulmeasures。“Now，“saidhe，“Ihaveoftenhearditsaidonyourplatformthatthefeminineelementinpoliticswouldbringaboutperpetualpeaceingovernment，andherealltheseladiesareadvocatingtheworstformsofviolenceinthenameofliberty。““Ah！”saidI，“layontheirshoulderstheresponsibilityofgoverning，andtheywouldsoonbecomeasmildandconservativeasyouseemtobe。“Hethengaveushisviewsonco-operation，theonlyremedyformanyexistingevils，whichhethoughtwouldbethenextsteptowardahighercivilization。

There，too，ImetsomePositivists，who，thoughliberalonthereligiousquestions，wereverynarrowastothesphereofwoman。Thedifferenceonsex，whichistheveryreasonwhymenandwomenshouldbeassociatedinallformsofactivity，istothemthestrongestreasonwhytheyshouldbeseparated。Mrs。HertzbelongstotheHarrisonschoolofPositivists。

IwentwithhertooneofMrs。Orr\'sreceptions，wherewemetRobertBrowning，afine-lookingmanofseventyyears，withwhitehairandmustache。Hewasfrank，easy，playful，andbrilliantinconversation。Mrs。Orrseemedtobetakingaverypessimisticviewofourpresentsphereofaction，whichMr。Browning，withpoeticcoloring，wastryingtopaintmorehopefully。