第6章

Outofmarriage，womanasksnothing，atthishour，buttheelectivefranchise。

Itisonlyinmarriagethatshemustdemandherrighttoperson，children，property，wages，life，liberty，andthepursuitofhappiness。Howcanwediscussallthelawsandconditionsofmarriage，withoutperceivingitsessentialessence，end，andaim？Now，whethertheinstitutionofmarriagebehumanordivine，whetherregardedasindissolublebyecclesiasticalcourtsordissolublebycivilcourts，woman，findingherselfequallydegradedineachandeveryphaseofit，alwaysthevictimoftheinstitution，itisherrightandherdutytosifttherelationandthecompactthroughandthrough，untilshefindsoutthetruecauseofherfalseposition。

HowcanwegobeforethelegislaturesofourrespectiveStatesanddemandnewlaws，ornolaws，ondivorce，untilwehavesomeideaofwhatthetruerelationis？

“Wedecidethewholequestionofslaverybysettlingthesacredrightsoftheindividual。Weassertthatmancannotholdpropertyinman，andrejectthewholecodeoflawsthatconflictswiththeself-evidenttruthoftheassertion。

“Again，Iask，isitpossibletodiscussallthelawsofarelation，andnottouchtherelationitself？“Yoursrespectfully，“ELIZABETHCADYSTANTON。“

Thediscussiononthequestionofmarriageanddivorceoccupiedoneentiresessionoftheconvention，andcalleddownonusseverecriticismsfromthemetropolitanandStatepress。SoalarmingwerethecommentsonwhathadbeensaidthatIbegantofeelthatIhadinadvertentlytakenouttheunderpinningfromthesocialsystem。Enemieswereunsparingintheirdenunciations，andfriendsridiculedthewholeproceeding。IwasconstantlycalledonforadefinitionofmarriageandaskedtodescribehomelifeasitwouldbewhenmenchangedtheirwiveseveryChristmas。

Lettersandnewspaperspouredinuponme，askingallmannerofabsurdquestions，untilIoftenweptwithvexation。Somanythings，thatIhadneitherthoughtnorsaid，wereattributedtomethat，attimes，Ireallydoubtedmyownidentity。

However，intheprogressofeventstheexcitementdiedaway，theearthseemedtoturnonitsaxisasusual，womenweregiveninmarriage，childrenwereborn，firesburnedasbrightlyaseveratthedomesticaltars，andfamilylife，toallappearances，wasasstableasusual。

PublicattentionwasagainrousedtothissubjectbytheMcFarland-Richardsontrial，inwhichtheformershotthelatter，beingjealousofhisattentionstohiswife。McFarlandwasabrutal，improvidenthusband，whohadcompletelyalienatedhiswife\'saffections，whileMr。Richardson，whohadlongbeenacherishedacquaintanceofthefamily，befriendedthewifeinthedarkestdaysofhermisery。Shewasaveryrefined，attractivewoman，andalargecircleofwarmfriendsstoodbyherthroughthefierceordealofherhusband\'strial。

ThoughMcFarlanddidnotdenythathekilledRichardson，yethewasacquittedonthepleaofinsanity，andwas，atthesametime，madethelegalguardianofhischild，aboy，then，twelveyearsofage，andwalkedoutofthecourtwithhim，handinhand。Whatatravestyonjusticeandcommonsensethat，whileamanisdeclaredtooinsanetobeheldresponsiblefortakingthelifeofanother，hemightstillbecapableofdirectingthelifeandeducationofachild！Andwhataninsulttothatintelligentmother，whohaddevotedtwelveyearsofherlifetohiscare，whilehisworthlessfatherhadnotprovidedforthemthenecessariesoflife！

ShemarriedMr。Richardsononhisdeathbed。TheceremonywasperformedbyHenryWardBeecherandRev。O。B。Frothingham，whilesuchmenasHoraceGreeleyandJoshuaLeavittwitnessedthesolemnservice。ThoughnoshadowhadeverdimmedMrs。Richardson\'sfairfame，yetshewasrudelytreatedinthecourtandrobbedofherchild，thoughbyfarthemostfittingparenttobeintrustedwithhiscare。

Astheindignationamongwomenwasgeneralandatwhiteheatwithregardtohertreatment，MissAnthonysuggestedtome，oneday，thatitwouldbeagoldenopportunitytogivewomenalessonontheirhelplessnessunderthelaw杦hollyinthepowerofmanastotheirdomesticrelations，aswellastotheircivilandpoliticalrights。Accordinglywedecidedtoholdsomemeetings，forwomenalone，toprotestagainstthedecisionofthistrial，thegeneralconductofthecase，thetoneofthepress，andthelawsthatmadeitpossibletorobamotherofherchild。

Manyladiesreadilyenlistedinthemovement。Iwasinvitedtomakethespeechontheoccasion，andMissAnthonyarrangedfortwogreatmeetings，oneinApolloHall，NewYorkcity，andoneintheAcademyofMusic，inBrooklyn。Theresultwasallthatwecoulddesire。MissAnthony，withwonderfulexecutiveability，madeallthearrangements，takingonherownshouldersthewholefinancialresponsibility。

MylatestthoughtonthisquestionIgaveinTheArenaofApril，1894，fromwhichIquotethefollowing：

“ThereisademandjustnowforanamendmenttotheUnitedStatesConstitutionthatshallmakethelawsofmarriageanddivorcethesameinalltheStatesoftheUnion。Asthesuggestioncomesunilaterallyfromthosewhoconsiderthepresentdivorcelawstooliberal，wemayinferthattheproposednationallawistoplacethewholequestiononanarrowerbasis，renderingnullandvoidthelawsthathavebeenpassedinabroaderspirit，accordingtotheneedsandexperiences，incertainsections，ofthesovereignpeople。

Andhereletusbearinmindthatthewidestpossiblelawwouldnotmakedivorceobligatoryonanyone，whilearestrictedlaw，onthecontrary，wouldcompelmany，marrying，perhaps，undermoreliberallaws，toremaininuncongenialrelations。

“Aswearestillintheexperimentalstageonthisquestion，wearenotqualifiedtomakeaperfectlawthatwouldworksatisfactorilyoversovastanareaasourboundariesnowembrace。Iseenoevidenceinwhathasbeenpublishedonthisquestion，oflate，bystatesmen，ecclesiastics，lawyers，andjudges，thatanyofthemhavethoughtsufficientlyonthesubjecttoprepareawell-digestedcode，oracomprehensiveamendmenttothenationalConstitution。Someviewitasacivilcontract，thoughnotgovernedbythelawsofothercontracts；someviewitasareligiousordinance朼

sacrament；somethinkitarelationtoberegulatedbytheState，othersbytheChurch，andstillothersthinkitshouldbeleftwhollytotheindividual。

Withthiswidedivergenceofopinionamongourleadingminds，itisquiteevidentthatwearenotpreparedforanationallaw。

“Moreover，aswomanisthemostimportantfactorinthemarriagerelation，herenfranchisementistheprimalstepindecidingthebasisoffamilylife。BeforepublicopiniononthisquestioncrystallizesintoanamendmenttothenationalConstitution，thewifeandmothermusthaveavoiceinthegoverningpowerandmustbeheard，onthisgreatproblem，inthehallsoflegislation。

“Therearemanyadvantagesinleavingallthesequestions，asnow，totheStates。Localself-governmentmorereadilypermitsofexperimentsonmootedquestions，whicharetheoutcomeoftheneedsandconvictionsofthecommunity。Thesmallertheareaoverwhichlegislationextends，themorepliablearethelaws。ByleavingtheStatesfreetoexperimentintheirlocalaffairs，wecanjudgeoftheworkingofdifferentlawsundervaryingcircumstances，andthuslearntheircomparativemerits。TheprogresseducationhasachievedinAmericaisduetothefactthatwehaveleftoursystemofpublicinstructioninthehandsoflocalauthorities。Howdifferentwouldbethesolutionofthegreateducationalquestionofmanuallaborintheschools，ifthematterhadtobesettledatWashington！

“Thewholenationmightfinditselfpledgedtoaschemethatafewyearswouldprovewhollyimpracticable。Notonlyisthetownmeeting，asEmersonsays，\'thecradleofAmericanliberties，\'butitisthenurseryofYankeeexperimentandwisdom。England，withitsclumsynationalcodeofeducation，makingoneinflexiblestandardofscholarshipforthebrightchildrenofthemanufacturingdistrictsandthedullbrainsoftheagriculturalcounties，shouldteachusalessonastothewisdomofkeepingapartstateandnationalgovernment。

“Beforewecandecidethejustgroundsfordivorce，wemustgetaclearideaofwhatconstitutesmarriage。Inatruerelationthechiefobjectisthelovingcompanionshipofmanandwoman，theircapacityformutualhelpandhappinessandforthedevelopmentofallthatisnoblestineachother。Thesecondobjectisthebuildingupahomeandfamily，aplaceofrest，peace，security，inwhichchild-lifecanbudandblossomlikeflowersinthesunshine。

“Thefirststeptowardmakingtheidealthereal，istoeducateoursonsanddaughtersintothemostexaltedideasofthesacrednessofmarriedlifeandtheresponsibilitiesofparenthood。Iwouldhavethemgive，atleast，asmuchthoughttothecreationofanimmortalbeingastheartistgivestohislandscapeorstatue。Watchhiminhishoursofsolitude，communingwithgreatNaturefordaysandweeksinallherchangingmoods，andwhenatlasthisdreamofbeautyisrealizedandtakesaclearlydefinedform，beholdhowpatientlyheworksthroughlongmonthsandyearsonskyandlake，ontreeandflower；andwhencomplete，itrepresentstohimmoreloveandlife，morehopeandambition，thanthelivingchildathisside，towhoseconceptionandantenataldevelopmentnotonesoulfulthoughtwasevergiven。Tothisimpressibleperiodofhumanlife，fewparentsgiveanythought；yetherewemustbegintocultivatevirtuesthatcanaloneredeemtheworld。

“Thecontradictoryviewsinwhichwomanisrepresentedareaspitifulasvaried。WhiletheMagnificattotheVirginischantedinallourcathedralsroundtheglobeoneachreturningSabbathday，andhermotherhoodextolledbyherworshipers，maternityfortherestofwomankindisreferredtoasaweakness，adisability，acurse，anevidenceofwoman\'sdivinelyordainedsubjection。Yetsurelytherealwomanshouldhavesomepointsofresemblanceincharacterandpositionwiththeidealone，whompoets，novelists，andartistsportray。

“Itisfollytotalkofthesacrednessofmarriageandmaternity，whilethewifeispracticallyregardedasaninferior，asubject，aslave。Havingdecidedthatcompanionshipandconscientiousparenthoodaretheonlytruegroundsformarriage，iftherelationbringsouttheworstcharacteristicsofeachparty，orifthehomeatmosphereisunwholesomeforchildren，isnottheveryraisond\'ê；treoftheunionwanting，andthemarriagepracticallyannulled？Itcannotbecalledaholyrelation，杗o，notadesirableone，杦henloveandmutualrespectarewanting。Andletusbearinmindoneotherimportantfact：thelackofsympathyandcontentintheparentsindicatesradicalphysicalunsuitability，whichresultsinbadlyorganizedoffspring。If，then，therealobjectofmarriageisdefeated，itisfortheinterestoftheState，aswellastheindividualconcerned，toseethatallsuchperniciousunionsbelegallydissolved。Inasmuch，then，asincompatibilityoftemperdefeatsthetwogreatobjectsofmarriage，itshouldbetheprimalcausefordivorce。

“Thetruestandpointfromwhichtoviewthisquestionisindividualsovereignty，individualhappiness。Itisoftensaidthattheinterestsofsocietyareparamount，andfirsttobeconsidered。ThiswastheRomanidea，thePaganidea，thattheindividualwasmadefortheState。Thecentralideaofbarbarismhaseverbeenthefamily，thetribe，thenation杗evertheindividual。ButthegreatdoctrineofChristianityistherightofindividualconscienceandjudgment。Thereasonittooksuchaholdontheheartsofthepeoplewasbecauseittaughtthattheindividualwasprimary；

theState，theChurch，society，thefamily，secondary。However，acomprehensiveviewofanyquestionofhumaninterest，showsthatthehighestgoodandhappinessoftheindividualandsocietylieinthesamedirection。

“Thequestionofdivorce，likemarriage，shouldbesettled，astoitsmostsacredrelations，bythepartiesthemselves；neithertheStatenortheChurchhavinganyrighttointermeddletherein。Astopropertyandchildren，itmustbeviewedandregulatedasacivilcontract。Thentheunionshouldbedissolvedwithatleastasmuchdeliberationandpublicityasitwasformed。Theremightbesomeceremonyandwitnessestoaddtothedignityandsolemnityoftheoccasion。LiketheQuakermarriage，whichthepartiesconductthemselves，so，inthiscase，withoutanystatementoftheirdisagreements，thepartiesmightsimplydeclarethat，afterlivingtogetherforseveralyears，theyfoundthemselvesunsuitedtoeachother，andincapableofmakingahappyhome。

“Ifdivorceweremaderespectable，andrecognizedbysocietyasaduty，aswellasaright，reasonablemenandwomencouldarrangeallthepreliminaries，often，even，thedivisionofpropertyandguardianshipofchildren，quiteassatisfactorilyasitcouldbedoneinthecourts。Wherethemotheriscapableoftrainingthechildren，asensiblefatherwouldleavethemtohercareratherthanplacetheminthehandsofastranger。

“But，wheredivorceisnotrespectable，menwhohavenopaternalfeelingwilloftenholdthechild，notsomuchforitsowngoodorhisownaffection，astopunishthewifefordisgracinghim。Theloveofchildrenisnotstronginmostmen，andtheyfeelbutlittleresponsibilityinregardtothem。

Seehowreadilytheyturnoffyoungsonstoshiftforthemselves，and，unlessthelawcompelledthemtosupporttheirillegitimatechildren，theywouldnevergivethemasecondthought。Butonthemother-soulrestforeverthecareandresponsibilityofhumanlife。Herloveforthechildbornoutofwedlockisoftenintensifiedbytheinfinitepityshefeelsthroughitsdisgrace。Evenamongtheloweranimalswefindthefemaleeverbroodingovertheyoungandhelpless。

“Limitingthecausesofdivorcetophysicaldefectsordelinquencies；

makingtheproceedingspublic；pryingintoallthepersonalaffairsofunhappymenandwomen；regardingthestepasquasicriminal；punishingtheguiltypartyinthesuit；allthiswillnotstrengthenfrailhumannature，willnotinsurehappyhomes，willnotbanishscandalsandpurgesocietyofprostitution。

“No，no；theenemyofmarriage，oftheState，ofsocietyisnotliberaldivorcelaws，buttheunhealthyatmospherethatexistsinthehomeitself。

Alegislativeactcannotmakeaunitofadividedfamily。“ChapterXV。ChapterXV。CHAPTERXV。WOMENASPATRIOTS。

ONApril15，1861，thePresidentoftheUnitedStatescalledoutseventy-fivethousandmilitia，andsummonedCongresstomeetJuly4，whenfourhundredthousandmenwerecalledfor，andfourhundredmillionsofdollarswerevotedtosuppresstheRebellion。

Thesestartlingeventsrousedtheentirepeople，andturnedthecurrentoftheirthoughtsinnewdirections。Whilethenation\'slifehunginthebalance，andthedreadartilleryofwardrowned，alike，thevoicesofcommerce，politics，religion，andreform，allheartswerefilledwithanxiousforebodings，allhandswerebusyinsolemnpreparationsfortheawfultragediestocome。

Atthiseventfulhourthepatriotismofwomanshoneforthasferventlyandspontaneouslyasdidthatofman；andherself-sacrificeanddevotionweredisplayedinasmanyvariedfieldsofaction。Whilehebuckledonhisknapsackandmarchedforthtoconquertheenemy，sheplannedthecampaignswhichbroughtthenationvictory；foughtintheranks，whenshecoulddosowithoutdetection；inspiredthesanitarycommission；gatheredneededsuppliesforthegrandarmy；providednursesforthehospitals；comfortedthesick；smoothedthepillowsofthedying；inscribedthelastmessagesoflovetothosefaraway；andmarkedtherestingplaceswherethebravemenfell。Thelaborwomenaccomplished，thehardshipstheyendured，thetimeandstrengththeysacrificedintheWarthatsummonedthreemillionmentoarms，canneverbefullyappreciated。

Indeed，wemaysafelysaythatthereisscarcelyaloyalwomanintheNorthwhodidnotdosomethinginaidofthecause；whodidnotcontributetime，labor，andmoneytothecomfortofoursoldiersandthesuccessofourarms。ThestoryoftheWarwillneverbefullywritteniftheachievementsofwomenareleftuntold。Theydonotfigureintheofficialreports；theyarenotgazettedforgallantdeeds；thenamesofthousandsareunknownbeyondtheneighborhoodwheretheylived，orthehospitalswheretheylovedtolabor；yetthereisnofeatureinourWarmorecreditabletousasanation，nonefromitspositivenewnesssowellworthyofrecord。

Whilethemassofwomenneverphilosophizeontheprinciplesthatunderlienationalexistence，therewerethoseinourlateWarwhounderstoodthepoliticalsignificanceofthestruggle；the“irrepressibleconflict“betweenfreedomandslavery，betweenNationalandStaterights。Theysawthattoprovidelint，bandages，andsuppliesforthearmy，whiletheWarwasnotconductedonawisepolicy，wastolaborinvain；andwhilemanyorganizations，active，vigilant，andself-sacrificing，weremultipliedtolookafterthematerialwantsofthearmy，thesefewformedthemselvesintoaNationalLoyalLeague，toteachsoundprinciplesofgovernmentandtoimpressonthenation\'sconsciencethatfreedomfortheslaveswastheonlywaytovictory。Accustomed，asmostwomenhadbeentoworksofcharityandtothereliefofoutwardsuffering，itwasdifficulttorousetheirenthusiasmforanidea，topersuadethemtolaborforaprinciple。Theyclamoredforpracticalwork，somethingfortheirhandstodo；forfairsandsewingsocietiestoraisemoneyforsoldier\'sfamilies，fortableaux，readings，theatricals朼nythingbutconventionstodiscussprinciplesandtocirculatepetitionsforemancipation。

TheycouldnotseethatthebestservicetheycouldrenderthearmywastosuppresstheRebellion，andthatthemosteffectivewaytoaccomplishthatwastotransformtheslavesintosoldiers。ThisWoman\'sLoyalLeaguevoicedthesolemnlessonsoftheWar：Libertytoall；nationalprotectionforeverycitizenunderourflag；universalsuffrage，anduniversalamnesty。

AfterconsultationwithHoraceGreeley，WilliamLloydGarrison，GovernorAndrews，andRobertDaleOwen，MissAnthonyandIdecidedtocallameetingofwomeninCooperInstituteandformaWoman\'sLoyalLeague，toadvocatetheimmediateemancipationandenfranchisementoftheSouthernslaves，asthemostspeedywayofendingtheWar，soweissued，intractform，andextensivelycirculatedthefollowingcall：

“Inthiscrisisofourcountry\'sdestiny，itisthedutyofeverycitizentoconsiderthepeculiarblessingsofarepublicanformofgovernment，anddecidewhatsacrificesofwealthandlifearedemandedforitsdefenseandpreservation。ThepolicyoftheWar，ourwholefuturelife，dependonaclearlydefinedideaoftheendproposedandtheimmenseadvantagestobesecuredtoourselvesandallmankindbyitsaccomplishments。Nomerepartyorsectionalcry，notechnicalitiesofconstitutionalormilitarylaw，nomottoesofcraftorpolicyarebigenoughtotouchthegreatheartofanationinthemidstofrevolution。Agrandidea杝uchasfreedomorjustice杋sneedfultokindleandsustainthefiresofahighenthusiasm。

“Atthishour，thebestwordandworkofeverymanandwomanareimperativelydemanded。Toman，bycommonconsent，areassignedtheforum，camp，andfield。Whatiswoman\'slegitimateworkandhowshemaybestaccomplishit，isworthyourearnestcounselonewithanother。WehaveheardmanycomplaintsofthelackofenthusiasmamongNorthernwomen；butwhenamotherlayshersononthealtarofhercountry，sheasksanobjectequaltothesacrifice。Innursingthesickandwounded，knittingsocks，scrapinglint，andmakingjelliesthebravestandbestmaywearyifthethoughtsmountnotinfaithtosomethingbeyondandaboveitall。Workisworshiponlywhenanoblepurposefillsthesoul。Womanisequallyinterestedandresponsiblewithmaninthefinalsettlementofthisproblemofself-government；thereforeletnonestandidlespectatorsnow。Wheneveryhourisbigwithdestiny，andeachdelaybutcomplicatesourdifficulties，itishightimeforthedaughtersoftheRevolution，insolemncouncil，tounsealthelastwillandtestamentsofthefathers，layholdoftheirbirthrightoffreedom，andkeepitasacredtrustforallcominggenerations。

“TothisendweasktheLoyalWomenoftheNationtomeetintheChurchofthePuritans(Dr。Cheever\'s)，NewYork，onThursday，the14thofMaynext。

“LetthewomenofeveryStatebelargelyrepresentedinpersonorbyletter。

“OnbehalfoftheWoman\'sCentralCommittee，“ELIZABETHCADYSTANTON，“SUSANB。ANTHONY。“

Amongotherresolutionsadoptedatthemeetingwerethefollowing：

“Resolved，TherenevercanbeatruepeaceinthisRepublicuntilthecivilandpoliticalrightsofallcitizensofAfricandescentandallwomenarepracticallyestablished。

“Resolved，ThatthewomenoftheRevolutionwerenotwantinginheroismandself-sacrifice，andwe，theirdaughters，areready，inthisWar，topledgeourtime，ourmeans，ourtalents，andourlives，ifneedbe，tosecurethefinalandcompleteconsecrationofAmericatofreedom。“

ItwasagreedthatthepracticalworktobedonetosecurefreedomfortheslaveswastocirculatepetitionsthroughalltheNorthernStates。

Formonthsthesepetitionswerecirculateddiligentlyeverywhere，asthesignaturesshow杝omesignedonfenceposts，plows，theanvil，theshoemaker\'sbench朾ywomenoffashionandthoseintheindustries，alikeintheparlorandthekitchen；bystatesmen，professorsincolleges，editors，bishops；

bysailors，andsoldiers，andthehard-handedchildrenoftoil，buildingrailroadsandbridges，anddiggingcanals，andinminesinthebowelsoftheearth。Petitions，signedbythreehundredthousandpersons，cannowbeseeninthenationalarchivesintheCapitolatWashington。ThreeofmysonsspentweeksinourofficeinCooperInstitute，rollingupthepetitionsfromeachStateseparately，andinscribingontheoutsidethenumberofnamesofmenandwomencontainedtherein。WesentappealstotheHouseofRepresentatives，andtheSenate，fromtimetotime，urgingemancipationandthepassageoftheproposedThirteenth，Fourteenth，andFifteenthAmendmentstotheNationalConstitution。DuringtheseeventfulmonthswereceivedmanylettersfromSenatorSumner，saying，“Sendonthepetitionsasfastasreceived；theygivemeopportunitiesforspeech。“

RobertDaleOwen，chairmanoftheFreedman\'sCommission，wasmostenthusiasticintheworkoftheLoyalLeague，andcametoourroomsfrequentlytosuggestnewmodesofagitationandtogiveusaninklingofwhatwasgoingonbehindthescenesinWashington。ThosewhohadbeenspeciallyengagedintheWomanSuffragemovementsuspendedtheirconventionsduringthewar，andgavetheirtimeandthoughtwhollytothevitalissuesofthehour。Seeingthepoliticalsignificanceofthewar，theyurgedtheemancipationoftheslavesasthesure，quickwayofcuttingtheGordianknotoftheRebellion。Tothisendtheyorganizedanationalleague，androlledupamammothpetition，urgingCongresstoamendtheConstitutionastoprohibittheexistenceofslaveryintheUnitedStates。FromtheirheadquartersintheCooperInstitute，NewYorkCity，theysentouttheappealstothePresident，Congress，andthepeopleatlarge；tractsandformsofpetition，frankedbymembersofCongress，werescatteredlikesnowflakesfromMainetoTexas。Meetingswereheldeveryweek，inwhichthepolicyoftheGovernmentwasfreelydiscussed，andapprovedorcondemned。

ThatthisLeaguedidatimelyeducationalworkismanifestedbythelettersreceivedfromgenerals，statesmen，editors，andfromwomeninmostoftheNorthernStates，fullyindorsingitsactionsandprinciples。TheclearnesstothinkingwomenofthecauseoftheWar；thetruepolicyinwagingit；theirsteadfastnessinmaintainingtheprinciplesoffreedom，areworthyofconsideration。WiththisLeagueabolitionistsandRepublicansheartilyco-operated。AcourseoflectureswasdeliveredforitsbenefitinCooperInstitute，bysuchmenasHoraceGreeley，GeorgeWilliamCurtis，WilliamD。Kelly，WendellPhillips，E。P。Whipple，FrederickDouglass，TheodoreD。Weld，Rev。Dr。Tyng，andDr。Bellows。ManylettersareonitsfilesfromCharlesSumner，approvingitsmeasures，andexpressinggreatsatisfactionatthelargenumberofemancipationpetitionsbeingrolledintoCongress。TheRepublicanpress，too，washighlycomplimentary。TheNewYorkTribunesaid：“ThewomenoftheLoyalLeaguehaveshowngreatpracticalwisdominrestrictingtheireffortstoonesubject，themostimportantwhichanysocietycanaimatinthishour，andgreatcourageinundertakingtodowhatneverhasbeendoneintheworldbefore，toobtainonemillionofnamestoapetition。“

Theleadingjournalsviedwitheachotherinpraisingthepatienceandprudence，theexecutiveability，theloyalty，andthepatriotismofthewomenoftheLeague，andyetthesewerethesamewomenwho，whendemandingcivilandpoliticalrights，privileges，andimmunitiesforthemselves，hadbeenuniformlydenouncedas“unwise，““imprudent，““fanatical，“and“impracticable。“DuringthesixyearstheyheldtheirownclaiminabeyancetothoseoftheslavesoftheSouth，andlaboredtoinspirethepeoplewithenthusiasmforthegreatmeasuresoftheRepublicanparty，theywerehighlyesteemedas“wise，loyal，andclear-sighted。“Butwhentheslaveswereemancipated，andthesewomenaskedthattheyshouldberecognizedinthereconstructionascitizensoftheRepublic，equalbeforethelaw，allthesetranscendentvirtuesvanishedlikedewbeforethemorningsun。Andthusiteveris；solongaswomanlaborstosecondman\'sendeavorsandexalthissexaboveherown，hervirtuespassunquestioned；butwhenshedarestodemandrightsandprivilegesforherself，hermotives，manners，dress，personalappearance，andcharacteraresubjectsforridiculeanddetraction。

Liberty，victoriousoverslaveryonthebattlefield，hadnowmorepowerfulenemiestoencounteratWashington。Theslavessetfree，themasterconquered，theSouthdesolate；thetworacesstandingfacetoface，sharingalikethesadresultsofwar，turnedwithappealinglookstothegeneralgovernment，asiftosay，“Howstandwenow？”“Whatnext？”Questionsourstatesmen，besetwithdangers，withfearsforthenation\'slife，ofpartydivisions，ofpersonaldefeat，werewhollyunpreparedtoanswer。ThereconstructionoftheSouthinvolvedthereconsiderationofthefundamentalprinciplesofourGovernmentandthenaturalrightsofman。Thenation\'sheartwasthrilledwithprolongeddebatesinCongressandStatelegislatures，inthepulpitsandpublicjournals，andateveryfiresideonthesevitalquestions，whichtookfinalshapeinthethreehistoricamendmentstotheConstitution。

Thefirstpoint，hisemancipation，settled，thepoliticalstatusofthenegrowasnextinorder；andtothisendvariouspropositionsweresubmittedtoCongress。Buttodemandhisenfranchisementonthebroadprincipleofnaturalrightswashedgedaboutwithdifficulties，asthelogicalresultofsuchactionmustbetheenfranchisementofallostracizedclasses；notonlythewhitewomenoftheentirecountry，buttheslavewomenoftheSouth。Thoughoursenatorsandrepresentativeshadanhonestaversiontoanyproscriptivelegislationagainstloyalwomen，inviewoftheirvariedandself-sacrificingworkduringtheWar，yettheonlywaytheycouldopentheconstitutionaldoorjustwideenoughtolettheblackmanpassinwastointroducetheword“male“intothenationalConstitution。AfterthegenerousdevotionofsuchwomenasAnnaCarrollandAnnaDickensoninsustainingthepolicyoftheRepublicans，bothinpeaceandwar，theyfeltitwouldcomewithabadgracefromthatpartytoplacenewbarriersinwoman\'spathtofreedom。Buthowcouldtheamendmentbewrittenwithouttheword“male“wasthequestion。

RobertDaleOwenbeingatWashington，andbehindthescenesatthetime，sentcopiesofthevariousbillstotheofficersoftheLoyalLeague，inNewYork，andrelatedtoussomeoftheamusingdiscussions。Oneofthecommitteeproposed“persons“insteadof“males。““Thatwillneverdo，“

saidanother，“itwouldenfranchisewenches。““SuffrageforblackmenwillbeallthestraintheRepublicanpartycanstand，“saidanother。CharlesSumnersaid，yearsafterward，thathewroteovernineteenpagesoffoolscaptogetridoftheword“male“andyetkeep“negrosuffrage“asapartymeasureintact；butitcouldnotbedone。

MissAnthonyandIwerethefirsttoseethefullsignificanceoftheword“male“intheFourteenthAmendment，andweatoncesoundedthealarm，andsentoutpetitionsforaconstitutionalamendmentto“prohibittheStatesfromdisfranchisinganyoftheircitizensonthegroundofsex。“

MissAnthony，whohadspenttheyearinKansas，startedforNewYorkthemomentshesawthepropositionbeforeCongresstoputtheword“male“intothenationalConstitution，andmadehastetorousethewomenintheEasttothefactthatthetimehadcometobeginvigorousworkagainforwoman\'senfranchisement。

LeavingRochester，October11，shecalledonMarthaWrightatAuburn；

PhebeJonesandLydiaMottatAlbany；Mmes。Rose，Gibbons，Davis，atNewYorkcity；LucyStoneandAntoinetteBrownBlackwellinNewJersey；StephenandAbbyFosteratWorcester；Mmes。Severance，Dall，Nowell，Dr。HarrietK。Hunt，Dr。M……Zackesewska，andMessrs。PhillipsandGarrisoninBoston，urgingthemtojoininsendingproteststoWashingtonagainstthependinglegislation。Mr。Phillipsatonceconsentedtodevotefivehundreddollarsfromthe“JacksonFund“tocommencethework。MissAnthonyandIspentallourChristmasholidaysinwritinglettersandaddressingappealsandpetitionstoeverypartofthecountry，and，beforethecloseofthesessionof1865-66，petitionswithtenthousandsignatureswerepouredintoCongress。

Oneofmyletterswasasfollows：

“TotheEditoroftheStandard：

“SIR：Mr。BroomallofPennsylvania，Mr。SchenckofOhio，Mr。JenckesofRhodeIsland，andMr。StevensofPennsylvania，haveeacharesolutionbeforeCongresstoamendtheConstitution。

“ArticleFirst，SectionSecond，readsthus：\'RepresentativesanddirecttaxesshallbeapportionedamongtheseveralStateswhichmaybeincludedwithinthisUnion，accordingtotheirrespectivenumbers。\'

“Mr。Broomallproposestoamendbysaying，\'maleelectors\'；Mr。Schenck，\'malecitizens\'；Mr。Jenckes，\'malecitizens\'；Mr。Stevens，\'malevoters，\'

as，inprocessoftime，womenmaybemade\'legalvoters\'intheseveralStatesandwouldthenmeetthatrequirementoftheConstitution。Butthoseurgedbytheothergentlemen，neithertime，effort，norStateConstitutionscouldenableustomeet，unless，byaliberalinterpretationoftheamendment，acoatofmailtobewornatthepollsmightbejudgedall-sufficient。

Mr。JenckesandMr。Schenck，intheirbills，havethegracenottosayawordabouttaxes，remembering，perhaps，that\'taxationwithoutrepresentationistyranny。\'ButMr。Broomall，thoughunwillingthatweshouldshareinthehonorsofgovernment，wouldfainsecureusaplaceinitsburdens；

for，whileheapportionsrepresentativesto“maleelectors“only，headmits“alltheinhabitants“intotherights，privileges，andimmunitiesoftaxation。

MagnanimousM。C。！

“Iwouldcalltheattentionofthewomenofthenationtothefactthat，undertheFederalConstitution，asitnowexists，thereisnotonewordthatlimitstherightofsuffragetoanyprivilegedclass。Thisattempttoturnthewheelsofcivilizationbackward，onthepartofRepublicansclaimingtobetheliberalparty，shouldrouseeverywomaninthenationtoapromptexerciseoftheonlyrightshehasintheGovernment，therightofpetition。TothisendacommitteeinNewYorkhavesentoutthousandsofpetitions，whichshouldbecirculatedineverydistrictandsenttoitsrepresentativeatWashingtonassoonaspossible。“ELIZABETHCADYSTANTON。

“NEWYORK，January2，1866。“ChapterXVI。ChapterXVI。CHAPTERXVI。PIONEERLIFEINKANSAS朞URNEWSPAPER，“THEREVOLUTION。“IN1867thepropositiontoextendthesuffragetowomenandtocoloredmenwassubmittedtothepeopleoftheStateofKansas，and，amongotherEasternspeakers，IwasinvitedtomakeacampaignthroughtheState。Asthefallelectionswerepending，therewasgreatexcitementeverywhere。

SuffrageforcoloredmenwasaRepublicanmeasure，whichthepressandpoliticiansofthatpartyadvocatedwithenthusiasm。

Aswomansuffragewasnotapartyquestion，wehopedthatallpartieswouldfavorthemeasure；thatwemight，atlast，haveonegreenspotonearthwherewomencouldenjoyfulllibertyascitizensoftheUnitedStates。

Accordingly，inJuly，MissAnthonyandIstarted，withhighhopesofamostsuccessfultrip，and，afteranuneventfuljourneyofonethousandfivehundredmiles，wereachedthesacredsoilwhereJohnBrownandhissonshadhelpedtofightthebattlesthatmadeKansasafreeState。

LucyStone，Mr。Blackwell，andOlympiaBrownhadprecededusandopenedthecampaignwithlargemeetingsinallthechiefcities。MissAnthonyandIdidthesame。Thenitwasdecidedthat，asweweretogototheverybordersoftheState，wheretherewerenorailroads，wemusttakecarriages，andeconomizeourforcesbytakingdifferentroutes。Iwasescortedbyex-GovernorCharlesRobinson。Wehadalow，easycarriage，drawnbytwomules，inwhichwestoredaboutabusheloftracts，twovalises，apailforwateringthemules，abasketofapples，crackers，andothersuchrefreshmentsaswecouldpurchaseontheway。Somethingsweresuspendedunderneaththecarriage，somepackedonbehind，andsomeundertheseatandatourfeet。Itrequiredgreatskilltocompressthenecessarybaggageintotheallottedspace。Aswewenttotheveryvergeofcivilization，wherevertwodozenvoterscouldbeassembled，wehadatasteofpioneerlife。Wespokeinlogcabins，indepots，unfinishedschoolhouses，churches，hotels，barns，andintheopenair。

Ispokeinalargemillonenight。Asolitarytallowcandleshoneovermyheadlikeahaloofglory；afewlanternsaroundtheoutskirtsoftheaudiencemadethedarknessperceptible；butallIcouldseeofmyaudiencewasthewhitesoftheireyesinthedimdistance。Peoplecamefromtwentymilesaroundtothesemeetings，heldeitherinthemorning，afternoon，orevening，aswasmostconvenient。

AstheregularStateelectionwastotakeplaceinthecomingNovember，theinterestincreasedfromweektoweek，untiltheexcitementofthepeopleknewnobounds。Therewerespeakersforandagainsteverypropositionbeforethepeople。Thisinvolvedfrequentdebatesonallthegeneralprinciplesofgovernment，andthusagreateducationalworkwasaccomplished，whichisoneoftheadvantagesofourfrequentelections。

Thefriendsofwomansuffrageweredoomedtodisappointment。ThoseintheEast，onwhomtheyreliedforinfluencethroughtheliberalnewspapers，weresilent，andwelearned，afterward，thattheyusedwhatinfluencetheyhadtokeeptheabolitionistsandRepublicansoftheStatesilent，astheyfearedthediscussionofthewomanquestionwouldjeopardizetheenfranchisementoftheblackman。However，weworkeduntiringlyandhopefully，notseeingthroughthegameofthepoliticiansuntilnearlytheendofthecanvass，whenwesawthatouronlychancewasingettingtheDemocraticvote。Accordingly，GeorgeFrancisTrain，thenamosteffectiveandpopularspeaker，wasinvitedintotheStatetoseewhatcouldbedonetowintheDemocracy。Hesoonturnedthetide，strengthenedtheweak-kneedRepublicansandabolitionists，andsecuredalargeDemocraticvote。

Forthreemonthswelaboreddiligently，dayafterday，enduringallmannerofdiscomfortsintraveling，eating，andsleeping。Astherewerenoroadsorguideposts，weoftenlostourway。Ingoingthroughcañ；onsandfordingstreamsitwasoftensodarkthattheGovernorwasobligedtowalkaheadtofindtheway，takingoffhiscoatsothatIcouldseehiswhiteshirtandslowlydriveafterhim。Thoughseeminglycalmandcool，Ihadagreatdreadofthesenightadventures，asIwasinconstantfearofbeingupsetonsomehillandrolledintothewater。TheGovernoroftencomplimentedmeonmycourage，whenIwasfullyawareofbeingtempest-tossedwithanxiety。Iamnaturallyverytimid，but，beingsilentunderstrongemotionsofeitherpleasureorpain，Iamcreditedwithbeingcourageousinthehourofdanger。

Fordays，sometimes，wecouldfindnothingatapublictablethatwecouldeat。Thenpassingthroughalittlesettlementwecouldbuydriedherring，crackers，gumarabic，andslipperyelm；thelatter，weweretold，wasverynutritious。Wefrequentlysatdowntoatablewithbaconfloatingingrease，coffeewithoutmilk，sweetenedwithsorghum，andbreadorhotbiscuit，greenwithsoda，whilevegetablesandfruitwereseldomseen。

Ournightsweremiserable，owingtothegeneralopinionamongpioneersthatacertainspeciesofinsectmustnecessarilyperambulatethebedsinayoungcivilization。Onenight，aftertravelingoverprairiesallday，eatingnothingbutwhatourlarderprovided，wesawalightinacottageinthedistancewhichseemedtobeckontous。Arriving，weaskedtheusualquestion，杋fwecouldgetanight\'slodging，杢owhichtheresponsewasinevitablyahearty，hospitable“Yes。“Onesurveyofthepremisesshowedmewhattolookforinthewayofmidnightcompanionship，soIsaidtotheGovernor，“Iwillresigninyourfavorthecomfortsprovidedformeto-night，andsleepinthecarriage，asyoudosooften。“Ipersistedagainstalltheearnestpersuasionsofourhost，andinduetimeIwasensconcedforthenight，andallaboutthehousewassilent。

Ihadjustfallenintoagentleslumber，whenachorusofpronouncedgruntsandaspasmodicshakingofthecarriagerevealedtomethefactthatIwassurroundedbythoselong-nosedblackpigs，socelebratedfortheircourageandpertinacity。Theyhaddiscoveredthattheironstepsofthecarriagemademostsatisfactoryscratchingposts，andeachonewasstrugglingforhisturn。Thisscratchingsuggestedfleas。Alas！thoughtI，beforemorningIshallbedevoured。Iwasmortallytiredandsleepy，butIreachedforthewhipandplieditlazilyfromsidetoside；butI

soonfoundnothingbutaconstantandmostvigorousapplicationofthewhipcouldholdthematbayonemoment。Ihadheardthatthistypeofpigwasverycombativewhenthwartedinitsdesires，andtheyseemedinsuchsoreneedofreliefthatIthoughttherewasdangeroftheirjumpingintothecarriageandattackingme。Thisthoughtwasmoreterrifyingthanthatofthefleas，soIdecidedtogotosleepandletthemalonetoscratchattheirpleasure。Ihadasadnightofit，andnevertriedthecarriageagain，thoughIhadmanyequallymiserableexperienceswithinfourwalls。

Afteroneofthesebordermeetingswestoppedanothernightwithafamilyoftwobachelorbrothersandtwospinstersisters。Thehomeconsistedofonelargeroom，notyetlathedandplastered。Thefurnitureincludedacookingstove，twodoublebedsinremotecorners，atable，abureau，awashstand，andsixwoodenchairs。Asitwaslate，therewasnofireinthestoveandnosuggestionofsupper，sotheGovernorandIateapplesandchewedslipperyelmbeforeretiringtodreamofcomfortablebedsandwell-spreadtablesinthenearfuture。

Thebrothersresignedtheirbedtomejustasitwas。Ihadnoticedthattherewasnoceremoniouschangingofbedlinenundersuchcircumstances，soIhadlearntonipallfastidiousnotionsofindividualcleanlinessinthebud，andtoaccepttheinevitable。Whenthetimearrivedforretiring，theGovernorandthebrotherswentouttomakeastronomicalobservationsorsmoke，asthecasemightbe，whilethesistersandImadeoureveningtoilet，anddisposedourselvesintheallottedcorners。Thatdone，thestalwartsonsofAdammadetheirbedswithskinsandblanketsonthefloor。

Whenallwasstillanddarknessreigned，Ireviewedthesituationwithaheavyheart，seeingthatIwasboundtoremainaprisonerinthecornerallnight，comewhatmight。Ihadjustcongratulatedmyselfonmypowerofadaptabilitytocircumstances，whenIsuddenlystartedwithanemphatic“Whatisthat？”Avoicefromthecornerasked，“Isyourbedcomfortable？”

“Oh，yes，“Ireplied，“butIthoughtIfeltamouserunovermyhead。“

“Well，“saidthevoicefromthecorner，“Ishouldnotwonder。IhaveheardsuchsqueakingfromthatcornerduringthepastweekthatItoldsistertheremustbeamousenestinthatbed。“Aconfessionsheprobablywouldnothavemadeunlesshalfasleep。Thisannouncementwasgreetedwithsuppressedlaughterfromthefloor。Butitwasnolaughingmattertome。Alas！whataprospect杢ohavemicerunningoveroneallnight。Buttherewasnoescape。

Thesistersdidnotoffertomakeanyexplorations，and，inmyfatiguecostume，Icouldnotlightacandleandmakeanyonmyownaccount。ThehousedidnotaffordanarmchairinwhichIcouldsitup。Icouldnotlieonthefloor，andtheotherbedwasoccupied。Fortunately，Iwasverytiredandsoonfellasleep。WhatthemicedidtheremainderofthenightIneverknew，sodeepweremyslumbers。But，asmyfeatureswereintact，andmyfacialexpressionasbenignasusualnextmorning，Iinferredthattheirgambolshadbeenmostinnocentlyanddecorouslyconducted。Thesearesamplesofmanysimilarexperienceswhichweencounteredduringthethreemonthsofthoseeventfultravels。

Heretoforemyideahadbeenthatpioneerlifewasaperiodofromanticfreedom。Whenthelong，white-coveredwagons，boundforthefarWest，passedby，Ithoughtofthenoveltyofasix-month\'sjourneythroughthebrightspringandsummerdaysinahouseonwheels，mealsundershadytreesandbesidebabblingbrooks，sleepingintheopenair，andfindingahome，atlast，wherelandwascheap，thesoilrichanddeep，andwherethegrains，vegetables，fruit，andflowersgrewbountifullywithbutlittletoil。Butafewmonthsofpioneerlifepermanentlydarkenedmyrosyidealofthewhite-coveredwagon，thecharmingpicnicsbytheway，andtheparadiseatlast。Ifoundmanyoftheseadventurersinunfinishedhousesandrackedwithmalaria；inonecaseIsawafamilyofeight，allillwithchillsandfever。Thehousewashalfamilefromthespringwateronwhichtheydependedandfromwhichthosebestable，fromdaytoday，carriedtheneededelixirtootherssufferingwiththeusualthirst。Theirnarrationsofallthetrialsofthelongjourneywereindeedheartrending。

InonecaseafamilyoftwelvelefttheircomfortablefarminIllinois，muchagainsttheearnestprotestsofthemother；shehavingtenchildren，theyoungestababytheninherarms。Alltheirearthlypossessionswerestoredinthreewagons，andthefarm，whichthemotherownedwassoldbeforetheycommencedtheirlongandperilousjourney。TherewasnoreasonforgoingexceptthatthehusbandhadtheWesternfever。TheyweredoingwellinIllinois，onalargefarmwithintwomilesofavillage，buthehadvisionsofabonanzanearthesettingsun。Accordinglytheystarted。Attheendofonemonththebabydied。Apieceofwoodfromthecradlewasalltheyhadtomarkitslonelyrestingplace。Withsadheartstheywenton，and，inafewweeks，withgriefforherchild，heroldhome，herkindredandfriends，themotheralsodied。She，too，wasleftaloneonthefar-offprairies，andthesadpageantmovedon。Anotherchildsoonsharedthesamefate，andthenaspanofhorsesdied，andonewagon，withallthethingstheycouldmosteasilyspare，wasabandoned。Arrivedattheirdestinationnoneofthegoldendreamswasrealized。Theexpensivejourney，thestrugglesinstartingundernewcircumstances，andthelossofthemother\'sthriftandmanagement，madethefathersodiscouragedandrecklessthatmuchofhispropertywaswasted，andhisearthlycareerwassoonended。Throughtheheroicenergyandgoodmanagementoftheeldestdaughter，thelittlepatrimony，intime，wasdoubled，andthechildrenwellbroughtupandeducatedintherudimentsoflearning，sothatallbecamerespectablemembersofsociety。Heradvicetoallyoungpeopleis，ifyouarecomfortablyestablishedintheEast，staythere。Thereisnoroyalroadtowealthandease，evenintheWesternStates！

InspiteofthediscomfortswesufferedintheKansascampaign，Iwasgladoftheexperience。Itgavemeaddedself-respecttoknowthatIcouldenduresuchhardshipsandfatiguewithagreatdegreeofcheerfulness。

TheGovernorandIoftenlaughedheartily，aswepatientlychewedourgumarabicandslipperyelm，tothinkonwhatagentlestimuluswewereaccomplishingsuchwonderfulfeatsasoratorsandtravelers。Itwasfortunateourintenseenthusiasmforthesubjectgaveusallthenecessaryinspiration，asthesupplieswegatheredbythewaywerebynomeanssufficientlyinvigoratingforprolongedpropagandism。

Ienjoyedthesedailydrivesoverthevastprairies，listeningtotheGovernor\'sdescriptionsoftheearlydayswhenthe“bushwackersandjayhawkers“

madetheirraidsontheinhabitantsoftheyoungfreeState。Thecourageandenduranceofthewomen，surroundedbydangersanddiscomforts，surpassedalldescription。Icountitagreatprivilegetohavemadetheacquaintanceofsomanynoblewomenandmenwhohadpassedthroughsuchscenesandconqueredsuchdifficulties。Theyseemedtoliveinanatmospherealtogetherbeyondtheirsurroundings。ManyeducatedfamiliesfromNewEngland，disappointedinnotfindingthemuchtalkedofbonanzas，werelivinginlogcabins，insolitaryplaces，milesfromanyneighbors。ButIfoundEmerson，Parker，Holmes，Hawthorne，Whittier，andLowellontheirbookshelvestogladdentheirleisurehours。

MissAnthonyandIoftencomfortedourselvesmidadversewindswithmemoriesoftheshorttimewespentunderMotherBickerdyke\'shospitableroofatSalina。Therewehadclean，comfortablebeds，deliciousviands，andeverythingwasexquisitelyneat。SheentertaineduswithherreminiscencesoftheWar。Withgreatself-denialshehadservedhercountryincampandhospital，andwaswithSherman\'sarmyinthatwonderfulmarchtothesea，andherewefoundherontheoutpostofcivilization，determinedtostartwhatKansasmostneeded朼goodhotel。Butalas！itwastoogoodforthatlatitudeandprovedafinancialfailure。Itwas，tous，anoasisinthedesert，wherewewouldgladlyhavelingerediftheoppositionwouldhavecometousforconversion。But，aswehadtocarrythegospelofwoman\'sequalityintothehighwaysandhedges，weleftdearMotherBickerdykewithprofoundregret。TheseedsowninKansasin1867isnowbearingitslegitimatefruits。TherewasnotacountyintheStatewheremeetingswerenotheldortractsscatteredwithageneroushand。IfthefriendsofourcauseintheEasthadbeentrueandhaddoneforwomanwhattheydidforthecoloredman，Ibelievebothpropositionswouldhavebeencarried；butwithanarrowpolicy，playingoffoneagainsttheother，bothweredefeated。Apolicyofinjusticealwaysbearsitsownlegitimatefruitinfailure。

However，womenlearnedoneimportantlesson杗amely，thatitisimpossibleforthebestofmentounderstandwomen\'sfeelingsorthehumiliationoftheirposition。WhentheyaskedustobesilentonourquestionduringtheWar，andlaborfortheemancipationoftheslave，wedidso，andgavefiveyearstohisemancipationandenfranchisement。Tothispropositionmyfriend，SusanB。Anthony，neverconsented，butwascompelledtoyieldbecausenoonestoodwithher。Iwasconvinced，atthetime，thatitwasthetruepolicy。Iamnowequallysurethatitwasablunder，and，eversince，IhavetakenmybelovedSusan\'sjudgmentagainsttheworld。Ihavealwaysfoundthat，whenweseeeyetoeye，wearesuretoberight，andwhenwepulltogetherwearestrong。Afterwediscussanypointtogetherandfullyagree，ourfaithinourunitedjudgmentisimmovableandnoamountofridiculeandoppositionhastheslightestinfluence，comefromwhatquarteritmay。

TogetherwewithstoodtheRepublicansandabolitionists，when，asecondtime，theymadeusthemostsolemnpromiseofearnestlaborforourenfranchisement，whentheslavesweresafebeyondaperadventure。TheyneverredeemedtheirpromisemadeduringtheWar，hence，whentheyurgedustosilenceintheKansascampaign，wewouldnotforamomententertaintheproposition。Thewomengenerallyawoketotheirdutytothemselves。Theyhadbeendeceivedonceandcouldnotbeagain。IftheleadersoftheRepublicanandabolitioncampscoulddeceiveus，whomcouldwetrust？

Againwewereurgedtobesilentonourrights，whenthepropositiontotaketheword“white“outoftheNewYorkConstitutionwassubmittedtoavoteofthepeopleoftheState，or，rather，toone-halfthepeople，aswomenhadnovoiceinthematter。Againwesaid“No，no，gentlemen！

ifthe\'white\'comesoutoftheConstitution，letthe\'male\'comeoutalso。

Womenhavestoodwiththenegro，thusfar，onequalgroundasostracizedclasses，outsidethepoliticalparadise；andnow，whenthedoorisopen，itisbutfairthatwebothshouldenterandenjoyallthefruitsofcitizenship。

Heretoforerankedwithidiots，lunatics，andcriminalsintheConstitution，thenegrohasbeentheonlyrespectablecompeerwehad；sopraydonotseparateusnowforanothertwentyyears，eretheconstitutionaldoorwillagainbeopened。“

Wewerepersistentlyurgedtogivealloureffortstogettheword“white“

out，andthussecuretheenfranchisementofthecoloredman，asthat，theysaid，wouldpreparethewayforustofollow。Severaleditorsthreatenedthat，unlesswedidso，theirpapersshouldhenceforthdotheirbesttodefeateverymeasureweproposed。Butweweredeafaliketopersuasionandthreats，thinkingitwisertolaborforwomen，constituting，astheydid，halfthepeopleoftheState，ratherthanforasmallnumberofcoloredmen；who，viewingallthingsfromthesamestandpointaswhitemen，wouldbeanaddedpoweragainstus。

ThequestionsettledinKansas，wereturned，withGeorgeFrancisTrain，toNewYork。Heofferedtopayalltheexpensesofthejourneyandmeetingsinallthechiefcitiesontheway，andseethatwewerefullyandwellreportedintheirrespectivejournals。AfterprolongedconsultationMissAnthonyandIthoughtbesttoaccepttheofferandwedidso。Mostofourfriendsthoughitagraveblunder，buttheresultprovedotherwise。Mr。

Trainwastheninhisprime朼large，fine-lookingman，agentlemanindressandmanner，neithersmoking，chewing，drinking，norgormandizing。Hewasaneffectivespeakerandactor，asoneofhisspeeches，whichheillustrated，imitatingthepoorwifeatthewashtubandthedrunkenhusbandreelingin，fullyshowed。Hegavehisaudiencecharcoalsketchesofeverydayliferatherthanargument。Healwayspleasedpopularaudiences，andeventhemostfastidiouswereamusedwithhiscaricatures。AsthenewspapersgaveseveralcolumnstoourmeetingsateverypointthroughalltheStates，theagitationwaswide-spreadandofgreatvalue。Tobesureourfriends，onallsides，felloff，andthoseespeciallywhowishedustobesilentonthequestionofwoman\'srights，declared“thecausetoosacredtobeadvocatedbysuchacharlatanasGeorgeFrancisTrain。“Wethoughtotherwise，astheaccessionofMr。Trainincreasedtheagitationtwofold。IfthesefastidiousladiesandgentlemenhadcomeouttoKansasandoccupiedthegroundandprovided“thesinewsofwar，“therewouldhavebeennofieldforMr。Train\'slabors，andweshouldhaveacceptedtheirservices。But，asthegroundwasunoccupied，hehad，atleast，therightofareform“squatter“tocultivatethecardinalvirtuesandreapamoralharvestwhereverhecould。

ReachingNewYork，Mr。Trainmadeitpossibleforustoestablishanewspaper，whichgaveanotherimpetustoourmovement。TheRevolution，publishedbySusanB。AnthonyandeditedbyParkerPillsburyandmyself，livedtwoyearsandahalfandwasthenconsolidatedwiththeNewYorkChristianEnquirer，editedbytheRev。HenryBellows，D。D。IregardthebriefperiodinwhichIeditedtheRevolutionasoneofthehappiestofmylife，andImayaddthemostuseful。InlookingovertheeditorialsIfindbutonethatIsincerelyregret，andthatwasaretortonMr。Garrison，writtenundergreatprovocation，butnotbyme，whichcircumstances，atthetime，forbademetodisown。ConsideringthepressurebroughttobearonMissAnthonyandmyself，Ifeelnowthatourpatienceandforbearancewithourenemiesintheirmalignantattacksonourgoodname，whichweneveranswered，wereindeedmarvelous。

Wesaidatalltimesandonallothersubjectsjustwhatwethought，andadvertisednothingthatwedidnotbelievein。Noadvertisementsofquackremediesappearedinourcolumns。Oneofourclerksoncepublishedabreadpowderadvertisement，whichIdidnotseeuntilthepaperappeared；

so，inthenextnumber，Isaid，editorially，whatIthoughtofit。Iwasaloneintheoffice，oneday，whenamanblusteredin。“Who，“saidhe，“runsthisconcern？”“Youwillfindthenamesoftheeditorsandpublishers，“

Ireplied，“ontheeditorialpage。““Areyouoneofthem？”“Iam，“Ireplied。

“Well，doyouknowthatIagreedtopaytwentydollarstohavethatbreadpowderadvertisedforonemonth，andthenyoucondemniteditorially？”

“Ihavenothingtodowiththeadvertising；MissAnthonypaysmetosaywhatIthink。““Haveyouanymorethoughtstopublishonthatbreadpowder？”

“Oh，yes，“Ireplied，“Ihavenotexhaustedthesubjectyet。““Then，“saidhe，“Iwillhavetheadvertisementtakenout。Whatistheretopayfortheoneinsertion？”“Oh，nothing，“Ireplied，“astheeditorialprobablydidyoumoreinjurythantheadvertisementdidyougood。“Onleaving，withpropheticvision，hesaid，“Iprophesyashortlifeforthispaper；thebusinessworldisbasedonquackery，andyoucannotlivewithoutit。“Withmelancholycertainty，Ireplied，“Ifearyouareright。“ChapterXVII。ChapterXVII。CHAPTERXVII。LYCEUMSANDLECTURERS。THELyceumBureauwas，atonetime，agreatfeatureinAmericanlife。ThethreeleadingbureauswereinBoston，NewYork，andChicago。Themanagers，mapinhand，wouldlayouttrips，moreorlessextensiveaccordingtothecapacityorwillofthespeakers，andthen，withadozenormorevictimsinhand，makearrangementswiththecommitteesinvarioustownsandcitiestosetthemallinmotion。Asthemanagersofthebureaushadtenpercent。

ofwhatthespeakersmade，itwastotheirinteresttokeepthetimewellfilled。Hencetheengagementsweremadewithouttheslightestreferencetothecomfortofthetravelers。Withourimmensedistances，itwasoftennecessarytotravelnightandday，sometimeschangingcarsatmidnight，andperhapsarrivingatthedestinationhalfanhourorlessbeforegoingontheplatform，andstartingagainonthejourneyimmediatelyuponleavingit。Theroutewasalwayscarefullywrittenout，givingthetimethetrainsstartedfromandarrivedatvariouspoints；butascrosstrainsoftenfailedtoconnect，onetraveled，guidebookinhand，inaconstantfeverofanxiety。

As，intheearlydays，thefeeswerefromonetotwohundreddollarsanight，thespeakersthemselvesweredesirousofaccomplishingasmuchaspossible。

In1869Igavemyname，forthefirsttime，totheNewYorkBureau，andonNovember14beganthelong，wearypilgrimages，fromMainetoTexas，thatlastedtwelveyears；speakingsteadilyforeightmonths杅romOctobertoJune杄veryseason。Thatwastheheydayofthelecturingperiod，whenalonglistofbrightmenandwomenwereconstantlyonthewing。AnnaDickinson，OliveLogan，KateField，杔ater，Mrs。LivermoreandMrs。Howe，Alcott，Phillips，Douglass，Tilton，Curtis，Beecher，and，severalyearslater，GeneralKilpatrick，withHenryVincent，Bradlaugh，andMatthewArnoldfromEngland；theseandmanyotherswerestarsofthelectureplatform。

SomeofusoccasionallymanagedtospendSundaytogether，atagoodhotelinsomecity，torestandfeastandtalkoverourjoysandsorrows，thelongjourneys，thehardfareinthecountryhotels，therainynightswhencommitteesfeltblueandtriedtocutdownourfees；thebeingcompelledbyinconsideratepeopletotalkonthetrain；theoverheated，badlyventilatedcars；thehalls，sometimestoowarm，sometimestoocold；babiescryinginouraudiences；therainpatteringontheroofoverheadorleakingontheplatform杢hesewerecommonexperiences。IntheWest，womenwithbabiesuniformlyoccupiedthefrontseatssothatthelittleones，notunderstandingwhatyousaid，mightbeamusedwithyourgesturesandchangingfacialexpression。

Allthesethings，sotrying，atthetime，toconcentratedandenthusiasticspeaking，afterwardservedassubjectsofamusingconversation。Weunanimouslycomplainedoftheteaandcoffee。Mrs。Livermorehadthewisdomtocarryaspiritlampwithherownteaandcoffee，andthussuppliedherselfwiththeneededstimulantsforheroratoricalefforts。Thehardshipsoftheselyceumtripscanneverbeappreciatedexceptbythosewhohaveenduredthem。Withaccidentstocarsandbridges，withfloodsandsnowblockades，thepitfallsinoneofthesecampaignswerewithoutnumber。ELIZABETHSMITHMILLER。

Ononeoccasion，whenengagedtospeakatMaquoketa，Iowa，IarrivedatLyonsaboutnoon，tofindtheroadwasblockedwithsnow，andnochanceofthecarsrunningfordays。“Well，“saidItothelandlord，“ImustbeatMaquoketaateighto\'clockto-night；haveyouasleigh，aspanoffleethorses，andaskillfuldriver？Ifso，Iwillgoacrossthecountry。““Oh，yes，madam！”hereplied，“Ihaveallyouask；butyoucouldnotstandasix-hours\'driveinthispiercingwind。“Havinglivedinaregionofsnow，withthethermometerdowntotwentydegreesbelowzero，Ihadnofearsofwindsanddrifts，soIsaid，“GetthesleighreadyandIwilltryit。“

AccordinglyItelegraphedthecommitteethatIwouldbethere，andstarted。

Iwaswellbundledupinafurcloakandhood，ahotoakplankatmyfeet，andathickveilovermyheadandface。Asthelandlordgavethefinishingtouch，bythrowingalargebuffalorobeoverallandtyingthetwotailstogetheratthebackofmyheadandthuseffectivelypreventingmeputtingmyhandtomynose，hesaid，“There，ifyoucanonlysitperfectlystill，youwillcomeoutallrightatMaquoketa；thatis，ifyougetthere，whichIverymuchdoubt。“Itwasalong，harddriveagainstthewindandthroughdrifts，butIscarcelymovedafinger，and，astheclockstruckeight，wedroveintothetown。Thehallwaswarm，andthechurchbellhavingannouncedmyarrival，alargeaudiencewasassembled。AsIlearnedthatalltheroadsinNorthernIowawereblocked，Imadetheentirecircuit，frompointtopoint，inasleigh，travelingfortyandfiftymilesaday。

AttheShermanHouse，inChicago，threeweekslater，ImetMr。BradlaughandGeneralKilpatrick，whowereadvertisedonthesamerouteaheadofme。“Well，“saidI，“wherehaveyougentlemenbeen？”“Waitingherefortheroadstobeopened。Wehavelostthreeweeks\'engagements，“theyreplied。

AstheGeneralwaslecturingonhisexperiencesinSherman\'smarchtothesea，Ichaffedhimonnotbeingable，inanemergency，tomarchacrosstheStateofIowa。Theyweremuchastonishedandsomewhatashamed，whenItoldthemofmylong，solitarydrivesovertheprairiesfromdaytoday。

Itwasthetestimonyofallthebureausthatthewomencouldenduremorefatigueandweremoreconscientiousthanthemeninfillingtheirappointments。

Thepleasantfeatureofthesetripswasthegreateducationalworkaccomplishedforthepeoplethroughtheirlisteningtolecturesonallthevitalquestionsofthehour。WhereveranyofuschancedtobeonSunday，wepreachedinsomechurch；andwhereverIhadaspareafternoon，Italkedtowomenalone，onmarriage，maternity，andthelawsoflifeandhealth。Wemademanymostcharmingacquaintances，too，scatteredalloverourWesternWorld，andsawhowcomfortableandhappysensiblepeoplecouldbe，livinginmoststraitenedcircumstances，withnoneoftheluxuriesoflife。Ifmosthousekeeperscouldgetridofone-halftheirclothesandfurnitureandputtheirbric-a-bracinthetownmuseum，lifewouldbesimplifiedandtheywouldbegintoknowwhatleisuremeans。WhenIseesomanyofourAmericanwomenstrugglingtobeartists，whocannotmakeagoodloafofbreadnorapalatablecupofcoffee，IthinkofwhatTheodoreParkersaidwhenartwasacrazeinBoston。“Thefineartsdonotinterestmesomuchasthecoarseartswhichfeed，clothe，house，andcomfortapeople。IwouldratherbeagreatmanlikeFranklinthanaMichaelAngelo杗ay，ifIhadason，Ishouldratherseehimamechanic，likethelateGeorgeStephenson，inEngland，thanagreatpainterlikeRubens，whoonlycopiedbeauty。“

OnedayIfoundattheofficeoftheRevolutionaninvitationtomeetMrs。MoultonintheAcademyofMusic，whereshewastotryhervoiceforthecomingconcertforthebenefitoftheWoman\'sMedicalCollege。

Andwhatavoiceforpower，pathos，pliability！Ineverheardthelike。

Seatedbesidehermother，Mrs。W。H。Greenough，Ienjoyedalikethemother\'sanxiousprideandthedaughter\'striumph。Ifelt，asIlistened，thetruthofwhatVieuxtempssaidthefirsttimeheheardher，“Thatisthetraditionalvoiceforwhichtheageshavewaitedandlonged。“When，ononeoccasion，Mrs。MoultonsangasongofMozart\'stoAuber\'saccompaniment，someonepresentasked，“Whatcouldbeaddedtomakethismorecomplete？”Auberlookeduptoheaven，and，withasweetsmile，said，“NothingbutthatMozartshouldhavebeenheretolisten。“Lookingandlistening，“Here，“thoughtI，“isanotherjewelinthecrownofwomanhood，toradiateandglorifythelivesofall。“Ihavesuchanintenseprideofsexthatthetriumphsofwomaninart，literature，oratory，scienceorsongrousemyenthusiasmasnothingelsecan。

Hungering，thatday，forgiftedwomen，IcalledonAliceandPhebeCaryandMaryClemmerAmes，andtogetherwegavetheproudwhitemalesuchaservingupasdidoursoulsgoodandcouldnothurthim，intrenched，asheis，behindcreeds，codes，customs，andconstitutions，withvizorandbreastplateofself-complacencyandconceit。IncriticisingJessieBoucherett\'sessayon“SuperfluousWomen，“inwhichsheadvisesmeninEnglandtoemigrateinordertoleaveroomandoccupationforwomen，theTribunesaid：

“Theideaofahomewithoutamaninit！”InvisitingtheCarysonealwaysfeltthattherewasahome朼verycharmingone，too杦ithoutamaninit。

OncewhenHarrietBeecherStowewasatDr。Taylor\'s，Ihadtheopportunitytomakeheracquaintance。Inhersanctum，surroundedbybooksandpapers，shewasjustfinishinghersecondpaperontheByronfamily，andhersisterCatherinewaspreparingpapersonhereducationalwork，preparatorytoacomingmeetingoftheladiesoftheschoolboard。ThewomenoftheBeecherfamily，thoughmostofthemwivesandmothers，allhadadefinitelife-workoutsidethefamilycircle，andotherobjectsofintenseinterestbesideshusbands，babies，cookstoves，andsocialconversations。Catherinesaidshewasopposedtowomansuffrage，andifshethoughttherewastheleastdangerofourgettingit，shewouldwriteandtalkagainstitvehemently。

But，asthenationwassafeagainstsuchacalamity，shewaswillingtoletthetalkgoon，becausetheagitationhelpedherwork。“Itisratherparadoxical，“Isaidtoher，“thatthepressingofafalseprinciplecanhelpatrueone；butwhenyougetthewomenallthoroughlyeducated，theywillstepofftothepollsandvoteinspiteofyou。“

OnenightonthetrainfromNewYorktoWilliamsport，Pennsylvania，Ifoundabundanttimetothinkoverthepersonalpeculiaritiesofthemanynoblewomenwhoadornthisnineteenthcentury，and，asIrecalledthem，onebyone，inAmerica，England，France，andGermany，andallthattheyaredoingandsaying，Iwonderedthatanymancouldbesoblindasnottoseethatwomanhasalreadytakenherplaceasthepeerofman。Whilethelordsofcreationhavebeendebatinghersphereanddrawingtheirchalkmarkshereandthere，womanhasquietlysteppedoutsidethebarrenfieldswhereshehasbeencompelledtograzeforcenturies，andisnowingreenpasturesandbesidestillwaters，apowerintheworldofthought。

ThesepleasantcogitationswerecutshortbymylearningthatIhadtakenthewrongtrain，andmustchangeatHarrisburgattwoo\'clockinthemorning。HowsoonthereflectionthatImustleavemycomfortableberthatsuchanunchristianhourchangedthewholehueofgloriouswomanhoodandeveryotherearthlyblessing！However，IlivedthroughthetrialandarrivedatWilliamsportasthedaydawned。Ihadagoodaudienceattheoperahousethatevening，andwasintroducedtomanyagreeablepeople，whodeclaredthemselvesconvertedtowomansuffragebymyministrations。

Amongthemanynewjewelsinmycrown，Iadded，thatnight，JudgeBently。

InNovember，1869，IpassedonenightinPhiladelphia，withMissAnthony，atAnnaDickinson\'shome朼neat，three-storybrickhouseinLocustStreet。

Thishavenofrest，wheretheworld-famouslittlewomancame，everandanon，torecruitherovertaxedenergies，wasverytastefullyfurnished，adornedwithengravings，books，andstatuary。Hermother，sister，andbrothermadeupthehousehold朼pleasing，cultivatedtrio。Thebrotherwasahandsomeyouthofgoodjudgment，andgiventosageremarks；thesister，witty，intuitive，andincisiveinspeech；themother，dressedinrichQuakercostume，andthoughnearlyseventy，stillpossessedofgreatpersonalbeauty。Shewasintelligent，refined，andinmannerandappearance，remindedoneofAngelinaGrimké；asshelookedinheryoungerdays。Everythingaboutthehouseanditsappointmentsindicatedthatitwastheabodeofgeniusandcultivation，and，althoughAnnawasabsent，thehospitalitiesweregracefullydispensedbyherfamily。NapoleonandShakespeareseemedtobeAnna\'spatronsaints，lookingdown，onallsides，fromthewall。Themotheramuseduswiththesoretrialsherlittleoratorhadinflictedonthemembersofthehouseholdbyhervagariesintheworldoffame。

OnthewaytoKennettSquare，ayounggentlemanpointedouttousthehomeofBenjaminWest，whodistinguishedhimself，tothedisgustofbroadbrimsgenerally，asalandscapepainter。Incommencinghiscareer，itissaidhemadeuseofthetailofacatinlieuofabrush。OfcourseBenjamin\'sfirstattemptswereonthesly，andhecouldnotaskpaterfamiliasformoneytobuyabrushwithoutencounteringthegoodman\'sscorn。Whetherinthehourofhisneedandfreshenthusiasm，poorpusswasledtothesacrificialaltar，orwhetherhefoundherreposingbytheroadside，havingpaidthedebtofNature，ourinformantcouldnotsay；enoughthat，intime，heownedabrushandimmortalizedhimselfbyhisskillinitsuse。SucherraticonesasWhittier，West，andAnnaDickinsongotoprovethateventheprim，proper，perfectQuakersaresubjecttolikeinfirmitieswiththerestofthehumanfamily。

Ihadlongheardofthe“ProgressiveFriends“intheregionaroundLongwood；

hadreadthemanybullstheyissuedfromtheir“yearlymeetings“oneveryquestion，onwar，capitalpunishment，temperance，slavery，woman\'srights；

hadlearnedthattheywereturningthecoldshoulderonthedress，habits，andopinionsoftheirFathers；listeningtotheministrationsofsuchworldlingsasWilliamLloydGarrison，TheodoreTilton，andOliverJohnson，inanewmeetinghouse，allpaintedandvarnished，withcushions，easyseats，carpets，stoves，amusicalinstrument杝hadeofGeorgeFox，forgive朼ndthreebracketswithvasesonthe“highseat，“and，morethanallthat，menandwomenwereindiscriminatelyseatedthroughoutthehouse。

AllthisMissAnthonyandIbeheldwithourowneyes，and，incompanywithSarahPughandChandlerDarlington，didsittogetherinthehighseatandtalkinthecongregationofthepeople。There，too，wemetHannahDarlingtonandDinahMendenhall，杗ameslongknownineverygoodwork，朼nd，forthespaceofoneday，didenjoytheblissfulserenityofthatearthlyparadise。

ThewomenofKennettSquarewerecelebratednotonlyfortheirmodelhousekeepingbutalsofortheirrarecultivationonallsubjectsofgeneralinterest。

InNovemberIagainstartedononeofmyWesterntrips，but，alas！ontheverydaythetrainswerechanged，andsoIcouldnotmakeconnectionstomeetmyengagementsatSaginawandMarshall，andjustsavedmyselfatToledobygoingdirectlyfromthecarsbeforetheaudience，withthedustoftwenty-fourhours\'travelonmygarments。NotbeingabletoreachSaginaw，IwentstraighttoAnnArbor，andspentthreedaysmostpleasantlyinvisitingoldfriends，makingnewones，andsurveyingthetown，withitsgrandUniversity。

IwasinvitedtoThanksgivingdinneratthehomeofMr。Seaman，ahighlycultivatedDemocraticeditor，authorof“ProgressofNations。“Achoicenumberofguestsgatheredroundhishospitableboardonthatoccasion，overwhichhiswifepresidedwithdignityandgrace。Womansuffragewasthetargetforthecombinedwitandsatireofthecompany，and，afterfourhoursofuninterruptedsharpshooting，pyrotechnics，andlaughter，wedispersedtoourseveralabodes，fairlyexhaustedwiththeexcessofentertainment。

Onegentlemanhadthemoralhardihoodtoassertthatmenhadmoreendurancethanwomen，whereuponaladyremarkedthatshewouldliketoseethethirteenhundredyoungmenintheUniversitylacedupinsteel-ribbedcorsets，withhoops，heavyskirts，trains，highheels，panniers，chignons，anddozensofhairpinsstickingintheirscalps，coopedupinthehouseyearafteryear，withnoexhilaratingexercise，nohopes，aims，norambitionsinlife，andknowiftheycouldstanditaswellasthegirls。“Nothing，“saidshe，“butthefactthatwomen，likecats，haveninelives，enablesthemtosurvivethepresentré；gimetowhichcustomdoomsthesex。“

WhileinAnnArborIgavemylectureon“OurGirls“inthenewMethodistchurch朼largebuilding，welllighted，andfilledwithabrilliantaudience。

Thestudents，inlargenumbers，werethere，andstrengthenedthethreadsofmydiscoursewithfrequentandgenerousapplause；especiallywhenI

urgedontheRegentsoftheUniversitythedutyofopeningitsdoorstothedaughtersoftheState。TherewereseveralsplendidgirlsinMichigan，atthattime，preparingthemselvesforadmissiontothelawdepartment。

AsJudgeCooley，oneoftheprofessors，wasaveryliberalman，aswellasasoundlawyer，andstronglyinfavorofopeningthecollegetogirls，IhadnodoubtthewomenofMichiganwouldsoondistinguishthemselvesatthebar。SomesaidthechiefdifficultyinthewayofthegirlsofthatdaybeingadmittedtotheUniversitywasthewantofroom。ThatcouldhavebeeneasilyobviatedbytellingtheyoungmenfromabroadtobetakethemselvestothecollegesintheirrespectiveStates，thatMichiganmighteducateherdaughters。AsthewomenownedagoodshareofthepropertyoftheState，andhadbeenheavilytaxedtobuildandendowthatinstitution，itwasbutfairthattheyshouldshareinitsadvantages。

TheMichiganUniversity，withitsextensivegrounds，commodiousbuildings，medicalandlawschools，professors\'residences，andthefinestlaboratoryinthecountry，wasaninstitutionofwhichtheStatewasjustlyproud，and，aslongasthetuitionwasfree，itwasworththetroubleofalong，hard，siegebythegirlsofMichigantogainadmittancethere。Iadvisedthemtoorganizetheirforcesatonce，gettheirminuteguns，batteringrams，monitors，projectiles，bombshells，cannon，torpedoes，andcrackersready，andkeepupabriskcannonadinguntilthegraveandreverendseigniorsopenedthedoor，andshouted，“Hold，enough！”

TheladiesofAnnArborhadafinelibraryoftheirown，wheretheirclubsmetonceaweek。Theyhadjustformedasuffrageassociation。Myvisitendedwithapleasantreception，atwhichIwasintroducedtothechaplain，severalprofessors，andmanyladiesandgentlemenreadytoacceptthesituation。JudgeCooleygavemeaglowingaccountofthelawsofMichigan杊oweasyitwasforwivestogetpossessionofalltheproperty，andthensunderthemarriagetieandleavethepoorhusbandtothecharityofthecoldworld，withtheirhelplesschildrenabouthim。Iheardofarichlady，there，whomadeawill，givingherhusbandahandsomeannuityaslongasheremainedherwidower。Itwasevidentthatthepoor“whitemale，“soonerorlater，wasdoomedtotryforhimselfthevirtueofthelawshehadmadeforwomen。Ihope，forthesakeoftherace，hewillnotbearoppressionwiththestupidfortitudewehaveforsixthousandyears。