下载辰思小说免费APP
我们希望得到一点休息和摆脱战斗的喘息机会的期望很快就被打破了,因为一架侦察飞机带来了消息,说俄国人又以压倒性的力量开始进攻。我们的指挥官得出结论,认为他手下兵力减少且士气低落,无法对新的进攻做出有效的抵抗,因此决定在敌人的压力下缓慢撤退。结果是我们进行了一系列撤退战斗,持续了大约十天,这就是现在所谓的利马诺夫战役。WewerethenterriblyoutnumberedbytheRussians,andinordertoextricateourarmyandpreventitfrombeingsurroundedandcutoff,weconstantlyhadtoretreat,onedetachmenttakinguppositionstoresisttheadvancingRussians,tryingtoholdthematallcostsinordertogivetherestofthearmysufficienttimetoretiretosafety.Thismaneuveringcouldnot,ofcourse,becarriedoutwithouttheforcesguardingtherearandcoveringtheretreatsufferingsometimesterriblelosses.我们当时被俄国人远远地outnumbered,为了使我们的军队撤出并防止其被包围和切断,我们必须不断后退,一个分队占据阵地抵抗推进的俄国人,不惜一切代价阻止他们,以便其余部队有足够的时间撤退到安全的地方。当然,这种机动行动无法进行,而不会让后卫部队和掩护撤退的部队有时遭受可怕的损失。Theseweredepressingdays,withrainandstormaddingtothegloom.Thementrampedwearily,hangingtheirheads,ashamedandhumiliatedbytheretreat,thenecessityofwhichtheycouldnotgrasp,having,astheythought,successfullyrepulsedtheenemy.ItwasdifficulttomakethemunderstandthatourregimentwasonlyacoginthehugewheeloftheAustrianfightingmachineandthat,withabattlelineextendingovermanymiles,itwasquitenaturalthatpartialsuccessescouldtakeplaceandyettheconsiderationofgeneralstrategynecessitatearetreat.Ourarguingmadelittleimpressiononthemen;fortheyonlyshooktheirheadsandsaid,"Wewerevictorious,weshouldhavegoneon."这些日子令人沮丧,雨水和风暴加剧了阴郁的气氛。士兵们疲惫地走着,低着头,因为撤退而感到羞愧和屈辱,他们无法理解撤退的必要性,因为他们认为自己成功击退了敌人。很难让他们明白,我们团只是奥地利战斗机器中的一个齿轮,而且在一条延伸数英里的战线上,局部胜利是再自然不过的事,但整体战略的考虑却要求撤退。我们的争论对士兵们影响不大;因为他们只是摇头说:“我们已经胜利了,我们应该继续前进。”Thespiritofretreatingtroopsisvastlydifferentfromthatshownbyanadvancingarmy,anditwasprobablyinrecognitionofthiswell–knownpsychologicalstatethatourgeneralstaffhadinthebeginningattackedtheRussianswherevertheycould,inspiteoftheoverwhelmingsuperiorityofthefoe,butthereinforcementstheRussianswereabletodrawuponhadswelledtheirrankssoenormouslythatanyattackwouldhavebeenlittleshortofmadness.撤退部队的精神状态与进攻军队的表现大不相同,很可能正是因为认识到这种众所周知的心理状态,我方参谋部最初在能够攻击俄国人的任何地方发动了进攻,尽管敌人拥有压倒性的优势,但俄国人力所能及的增援使他们的兵力大大增加,因此任何进攻都几乎可以说是疯狂的。Therealhardshipsandprivationsforusbeganonlynow.ThefewroadsofGalicia,whichatbestareinbadcondition,throughtheconstantpassingofheavyartilleryandwagonsofallkindsfollowingeachotherinendlessprocessionthroughconstantrains,hadbecomewell–nighimpassable,theheavymudconstitutinganadditionalimpedimenttothemarchingoftroops.InordertogetallofthetraincarryingprovisionsoutofthepossiblereachofasuddenraidbytheRussiancavalry,ithadtobesentmilesbackofus,soasnottointerferewiththemovementofthetroops.Thiscausedsomewhatofaninterruptionintheorganizationofthecommissarydepartmentandverylittlefoodreachedthetroops,andthatonlyatverylongintervals.我们真正的艰难困苦和匮乏只有现在才开始。加利西亚的几条道路,本来状况就很差,由于重型火炮和各种马车不断接连不断地通过,再加上连绵不断的雨水,使得这些道路几乎无法通行,厚重的泥浆给部队行军又增添了额外的障碍。为了把所有运输补给的列车撤出俄军骑兵可能突然袭击的范围,不得不将它们向后转移数英里,以免影响部队的行动。这导致后勤部门的组织出现了一些混乱,而且很少有食物能送到部队,即使有,也是间隔很长的时间。Thedistributionoffoodtoanarmy,eveninpeaceandunderthebestconditions,isaverycomplicatedanddifficultundertaking.Provisionsareshippedfromtheinteriortotheimportantrailwaycenters,whichserveashugearmydepotsandformthebasisfromwhichthedifferentarmycorpsdrawtheirprovisionsandfromwhichtheyareconstantlyreplenished.Theyinturnsupplythedivisionsandbrigadeswherefromtheregimentsandbattalionsdrawtheirprovisions.Soitisseenthatthegreataortawhichleadsfromtheinteriortothebigdepotsslowlysubdividesitselfintosmallerarteriesandfeedersuntiltheyreachtheultimatedestination,theextremefront.在和平时期,即使在最好的条件下,向军队分发食物也是一项非常复杂和困难的任务。物资从内地运送到重要的铁路中心,这些中心作为大型军队仓库,构成了不同军团获取物资的基础,并且不断得到补充。它们再向各师和旅提供物资,这些师和旅又向团和营提供物资。由此可见,从内地通往大型仓库的主干道逐渐分成较小的动脉和支流,直到到达最终目的地——最前线。Thisdistributionoffoodhadnowbecomeaformidabletask,inconsequenceoftheunforeseenmovementsanddiversionswhichwereforceduponusbytheunexpecteddevelopmentsofthebattle;anditoftenhappenedthatfoodsuppliesintendedforacertaindetachmentwouldreachtheirdestinationonlyafterthedepartureofthatdetachment.由于战斗中出现的意外发展迫使我们不断转移和改变行动,现在分配食物已成为一项艰巨的任务;而且经常发生这样的情况,即原本打算供给某个分队的食物,往往在该分队离开后才到达目的地。Myplatoonhadbythistimeshrunkfromfifty–fivementoaboutthirty–four,butthoseremaininghadbecomeveryhardened,efficient,andfit.Itisastonishinghowquicklythehumanorganismadjustsitself,ifneedbe,tothemostdifficultcircumstances.SofarasIwasconcerned,forinstance,Iadaptedmyselftothenewlifewithoutanytroubleatall,respondingtotheunusualdemandsuponmeautomatically,asitwere.Myratherimpairedeyesightimprovedintheopen,withonlywidedistancestolookat.Ifoundthatmymusclesservedmebetterthaneverbefore.Ileapedandranandsupportedfatiguethatwouldhaveappalledmeunderothercircumstances.Inthefieldallneuroticsymptomsseemtodisappearasbymagic,andone'swholesystemischargedwithenergyandvitality.Perhapsthisisduetotheopen–airlifewithitssimplifiedstandards,freedfromallthecomplexexigenciesofsociety'slaws,andunhamperedbyconventionalities,aswellastotheconstantthrobofexcitement,causedbytheactivity,theadventure,andtheuncertaintyoffate.到这个时候,我的排已经从五十五人减少到了大约三十四人,但剩下的人都变得非常坚韧、高效和健康。如果有必要的话,人类机体适应最艰难环境的速度令人惊讶。就我而言,例如,我毫无困难地适应了新生活,仿佛自动地对对我提出的不同寻常的要求作出反应。在户外,我的视力有所改善,只需看很远的距离。我发现我的肌肉比以往任何时候都更听使唤。我跳跃、奔跑,并能承受在其他情况下会让我惊骇的疲劳。在野外,所有的神经质症状似乎都神奇地消失了,整个身体都充满了能量和活力。也许这是因为户外生活简化了标准,摆脱了社会法律的所有复杂要求,不受传统习俗的束缚,同时由于活动、冒险和命运的不确定性而持续兴奋。Theverymassingtogetherofsomanyindividuals,witheverywillmergedintoonethatstriveswithgiganticefforttowardacommonend,andtheconsequentsimplicityanddirectnessofallpurpose,seemtoreleaseandunhingealltheprimitive,aboriginalforcesstoredinthehumansoul,andtendtocreatetheindescribableatmosphereofexultationwhichenvelopeseverythingandeverybodyaswithamagiccloak.如此多个人的聚集,每个人的意志都融合成一个为了共同目标而努力的巨大意志,以及随之而来的所有目的的简单和直接性,似乎释放并解除了人类灵魂中储存的原始、原始的力量,倾向于创造出一种难以形容的欢欣氛围,仿佛用一件魔法斗篷包裹了所有事物和每个人。Itisextraordinaryhowquicklysuggestionsofluxury,culture,refinement,infactallthegentleraspectsoflife,whichonehadconsideredtobeanintegralpartofone'slifearequicklyforgotten,and,morethanthat,notevenmissed.Centuriesdropfromone,andonebecomesaprimevalman,nearingthecave–dwellerinanincrediblyshorttime.Fortwenty–onedaysIwentwithouttakingoffmyclothes,sleepingonwetgrassorinmud,orintheswamps,whereverneedbe,andwithnothingbutmycapetocoverme.Nothingdisturbsone.Onenight,whilesleeping,weweredrenchedtotheskinbytorrentialrains.Weneverstirred,butwaitedforthesuntodryusoutagain.Manythingsconsiderednecessitiesofcivilizationsimplydropoutofexistence.Atoothbrushwasnotimaginable.Weateinstinctively,whenwehadfood,withourhands.Ifwehadstoppedtothinkofitatall,weshouldhavethoughtitludicroustouseknifeandfork.令人难以置信的是,对奢华、文化、精致的种种建议,事实上所有生活中较为温和的方面,原本被认为是自己生活不可或缺的一部分,却很快被遗忘,而且更甚者,甚至不会被想念。几个世纪仿佛从身上脱落,一个人在极短的时间内就变成了原始人,几乎接近洞穴居住者。我连续21天没有脱下衣服,睡在湿草地上、泥地里或沼泽中,不管需要在哪里就睡在哪里,只用我的斗篷来遮盖自己。没有任何东西会打扰到我们。有一天夜里,我们在睡觉时被倾盆大雨淋得浑身湿透。我们从未动弹,只是等待太阳把我们晒干。许多被视为文明必需品的东西,实际上从生活中消失了。牙刷是无法想象的。当我们有食物的时候,我们会本能地用手抓着吃。如果我们曾经认真考虑过的话,我们会觉得使用刀叉是荒谬可笑的。Wewerealllookinglikeshaggy,leanwolves,fromthenecessityofsubsistingonnexttonothing.Irememberhavinggoneformorethanthreedaysatatimewithoutanyfoodwhatsoever,andmanyatimewehadtolickthedewfromthegrassforwantofwater.Acertainfiercenessarisesinyou,anabsoluteindifferencetoanythingtheworldholdsexceptyourdutyoffighting.Youareeatingacrustofbread,andamanisshotdeadinthetrenchnexttoyou.Youlookcalmlyathimforamoment,andthengooneatingyourbread.Whynot?Thereisnothingtobedone.Intheendyoutalkofyourowndeathwithaslittleexcitementasyouwouldofaluncheonengagement.Thereisnothingleftinyourmindbutthefactthathordesofmentowhomyoubelongarefightingagainstotherhordes,andyoursidemustwin.我们所有人都看起来像毛发蓬乱、瘦骨嶙峋的狼,这是由于几乎没有什么食物可吃。我记得曾经有好几天什么食物都没有,很多时候我们不得不舔食草叶上的露水来解渴。你会产生一种凶狠的情绪,对世界上其他一切事物都漠不关心,除了你战斗的职责。你正在吃一块面包皮,而你旁边的战壕里有人被枪杀了。你冷静地看了他一会儿,然后继续吃你的面包。为什么不可以呢?没什么可做的。最后,你谈论自己的死亡时,就像谈论一次午餐约会一样平淡无奇。你的脑海中只剩下这样一个事实:成群的属于你的战士们正在与另一群人作战,而你们这一方必须获胜。Mymemoryofthesedaysisverymuchblurred,everydaybeingprettynearlythesameastheprecedingone,—fatiguingmarches,littlerestandcomparativelylittlefighting.我对这些日子的记忆非常模糊,每一天几乎都和前一天差不多——疲劳的行军,很少的休息,相对较少的战斗。我们的指挥官很可能试图以公正的方式分配部队的工作,由于我们团在两次可怕的进攻中承担了主要的战斗,并遭受了相当大的损失,我们现在暂时撤出了前线,而且在这几天里,我们没有一次被指派担任后卫部队的任务。因此,这几天我们只有几次小而无关紧要的遭遇战,两次是在掩护侧翼时不得不击退哥萨克人的攻击,还有一次是遭到一辆装甲汽车的骚扰。但由于汽车的行动仅限于公路,我们很容易就能避开它的火力,至于那些不断假装进攻的哥萨克人,我们已经到了几乎不予理睬的地步。WewereinthefirstdaysofSeptember,anduponreachingtheswampsnearGrodeck,southofLemberg,adeterminedstandwasdecideduponbyourcommandinggeneral.Itseemedthemostpropitiousplaceforaformidabledefense,therebeingonlyfewroadsthroughotherwiseimpassableswamps.OnSeptembersixthmybattalionwasorderedtotakeupapositioncommandingadefilewhichformedoneofthepossibleapproachesfortheenemy.HereweawaitedtheRussians,andtheywerenotlongincoming.Firsttheyviolentlyshelledourpositionandsilencedoneofourbatteries.Findingtheirartilleryfiredidnotdrawanyanswerfromourside,theyattemptedtostormourpositionbymeansoffrontalinfantryattacks,combinedwithoccasionalraidsofCossacks,whichwerealwaysrepulsed.FinallytheRussianinfantrysucceededinestablishinganumberoftrenches,theoneoppositeusnotmorethanfivehundredyardsaway.ItwasthefirsttimewehadcomeinclosetouchwiththeRussians,almostwithinhailingdistance,andwiththeaidofourfieldglasseswecouldoccasionallyevengetaglimpseoftheirfacesandrecognizetheirfeatures.Westayedfourdaysoppositeeachother,neithersidegainingafootofground.我们是在九月的最初几天,当我们到达利沃夫以南格罗德克附近的沼泽地时,我们的指挥官决定在此进行坚决的抵抗。这似乎是进行强大防御最有利的地点,因为除了少数几条道路外,其他地方都是无法通行的沼泽地。9月6日,我的连队被命令占据一个可以控制一条可能成为敌人进攻路线的峡谷的位置。在这里我们等待着俄国人的到来,而他们很快就来了。首先,他们猛烈地炮击我们的阵地,并使我们的一门火炮沉默下来。发现他们的炮火没有引起我们的任何回应,他们便尝试通过正面步兵攻击并结合偶尔的哥萨克骑兵袭击来强攻我们的阵地,但这些袭击总是被击退了。最后,俄国步兵成功建立了若干战壕,其中正对着我们的那个距离我们不到五百码。这是我们第一次与俄国人近距离接触,几乎到了可以呼喊相闻的程度,借助我们的望远镜,我们有时甚至能瞥见他们的脸庞并辨认出他们的特征。我们对峙了四天,双方都没有取得任何进展。ItwasthereandthenthatImadeacuriousobservation.Aftertheseconddaywehadalmostgrowntoknoweachother.TheRussianswouldlaughinglycallovertous,andtheAustrianswouldanswer.Thesalientfeatureofthesethreedays'fightingwastheextraordinarylackofhatred.Infact,itisastonishinghowlittleactualhatredexistsbetweenfightingmen.Onefightsfiercelyandpassionately,massagainstmass,butassoonasthemasscrystallizesitselfintohumanindividualswhosefeaturesoneactuallycanrecognize,hatredalmostceases.Ofcourse,fightingcontinues,butsomehowitlosesitsfiercenessandtakesmoretheformofasport,eachsidebeingeagertogetthebestoftheother.Onestillshootsathisopponent,butalmostregretswhenheseeshimdrop.就是在那时,我做了一个奇怪的观察。在第二天之后,我们几乎已经互相熟悉了。俄国人会开玩笑地朝我们喊话,奥地利人也会回应。这三天战斗中最显著的特点是异常缺乏仇恨。事实上,战斗人员之间实际存在的仇恨是多么少,这是令人惊讶的。一个人激烈而热情地战斗,一方对另一方,但一旦群体凝聚成可以真正辨认出特征的人类个体,仇恨几乎就停止了。当然,战斗仍在继续,但不知怎么的,它失去了激烈的程度,更像是一种运动,双方都渴望战胜对方。一个人仍然向他的对手开枪,但当他看到对方倒下时,几乎会感到后悔。Bythemorningofthethirddayweknewnearlyeverymemberoftheopposingtrench,thefavoriteofmymenbeingagiantred–beardedRussianwhoseconstantpastimeconsistedinjumpinglikeaJack–in–the–boxfromthetrench,cryingovertousashedidso.Hewasfrequentlyshotat,butneverhit.Thenhegrewbolder,showinghimselflongerandlonger,untilfinallyhejumpedoutofthetrenchaltogether,shoutingtouswildlyandwavinghiscap.Hisgood–humoredjollityandbravadoappealedtoourboysandnoneofthemattemptedtoshootathimwhilehepresentedsuchasplendidtarget.Finallyoneofourmen,whodidnotwanttobesecondinbravery,jumpedoutofthetrenchandpresentedhimselfinthefullsunlight.Notoneattemptwasmadetoshootathimeither,andthesetwomenbegantogesticulateateachother,invitingeachothertocomenearer.Allfightinghadsuddenlyceased,andbothopposingpartieswerelookingon,laughinglikeboysatplay.FinallytheRussianwoulddrawastepnearer,andourmanboldlyadvancedtoo.ThentheRussiansurgedontheirmanwithshoutsandlaughter,andhemadeabigleapforward,standingstill,whereupontheAustrianalsojumpedforward,andso,stepbystep,theyapproacheduntiltheynearlytouchedeachother.Theyhadlefttheirriflesbehind,andwethoughtthattheyweregoingtoindulgeinafistfight,allofusbeingsorryforourchampion,forhewasasmallandinsignificant–lookingmanwholookedasifhecouldbecrushedwithoneblowbyhisgiganticopponent.Butlo,andbehold!ThebigRussianheldouthishandwhichheldapackageoftobaccoandourAustrian,seizingthetobacco,graspedthehandoftheRussian,andthenreachinginhispocketproducedalongAustriancigar,whichheceremoniouslypresentedtotheRussian.Itwasindeedafunnysighttoseethesmall,wiry,leanAustriantalkinginexaggeratedtermsofpolitenesstotheblondRussiangiant,wholistenedgravelyandattentively,asifheunderstoodeveryword.到第三天早上,我们几乎知道了对方战壕里的每一个成员,我手下的人最喜欢的是一个留着红胡子的俄国巨人,他经常像弹簧玩具一样从战壕里跳出来,一边跳一边朝我们喊话。他经常被射击,但从未被击中。后来他变得越来越大胆,露出自己越来越久,直到最后他干脆完全跳出了战壕,疯狂地向我们喊叫并挥舞着他的帽子。他那种幽默的欢乐和勇敢感染了我们的士兵,他们没有人试图射击他,因为他成了一个绝佳的目标。最后,我们的一位士兵不想在勇敢方面落后,也跳出了战壕,出现在阳光下。同样没有人试图射击他,这两个人开始互相做出手势,邀请对方走近。突然之间,所有战斗都停止了,双方都看着他们,像孩子们玩耍一样大笑。最后,那个俄国士兵向前迈了一步,我们的士兵也大胆地向前迈进。然后俄国人用喊叫和笑声鼓励他们的士兵,他便大大地向前跃进,站住了,接着奥地利士兵也跳了出去,就这样一步一步地,他们接近直到几乎碰在一起。他们把步枪留在了后面,我们认为他们要进行拳击比赛,我们都为我们的勇士感到惋惜,因为他是个身材矮小、不起眼的人,看起来很容易被他那个高大的对手一拳打倒。但看啊!那个高大的俄国士兵伸出一只手,手里拿着一包烟草,我们的奥地利士兵接过烟草,握了握俄国人的手,然后从口袋里掏出一支长长的奥地利雪茄,郑重地递给俄国士兵。看到这个瘦小、结实的奥地利人用夸张的礼貌语气对那个金发的俄国巨人说话,而那个巨人认真且专注地听着,仿佛明白每句话的意思,这确实是一个有趣的情景。Bythistimeallprecautionsandevenideasoffightinghadbeenforgotten,andweweresurprisedtofindourselvesoutoftheshelterofourtrenchesandfullyexposedtotheRussians,who,inturn,leanedoutoftheirowntrenchesandshowedtheirheadsinfull.Thisunofficialtrucehadlastedabouttwentyminutes,andsucceededmoreinrestoringgoodhumorandjoyoflifeamongoursoldiersthanatrainloadofprovisionswouldhavedone.Itwasoneoftheincidentsthathelpedtorelievethemonotonyoftrenchlifeandwasheartilywelcomedbyallofus.Thefighting,however,soonwasresumedwithallitsearnestnessandfierceness,butfromthismomentonacertaincamaraderiewasestablishedbetweenthetwoopposingtrenches.Betweenskirmishesanunofficialtrucewouldfrequentlybecalledforthepurposeofremovingthewounded.Duringthesetimeswhenthestretcher–bearerswerebusy,noshotwouldbefiredoneitherside.到这个时候,所有的预防措施甚至战斗的想法都被忘却了,我们惊讶地发现自己已经离开了战壕的掩护,完全暴露在俄国人的面前,而他们也从自己的战壕里探出头来,露出了整个脑袋。这种非正式的停火持续了大约二十分钟,它在恢复我们士兵的愉快心情和对生活的乐趣方面,比一车补给品所能起到的作用还要大。这是帮助缓解战壕生活单调性的一件事情,受到了我们的热烈欢迎。然而,战斗很快又以全部的严肃性和激烈程度重新开始,但从这一刻起,双方战壕之间建立了一定的友谊。在小规模冲突之间,经常会非正式地停火,以便运送伤员。在这些担架兵忙碌的时候,双方都不会开枪。Norwasthisanisolatedcase,forsimilarintermittenttruces,sometimesaccompaniedbyactualintercoursebetweentheopposingforces,werequitecommonallalongthebattleline.ThatverynightIwashurriedlysummonedtothetrenchesofthe13thCompany,abouthalfamileeastofus,inordertoactasaninterpreterbetweenthemajorcommandingthatbattalionandtwosingularguestshehadjustreceived,aRussianofficerandhisorderly.Thepair,carryingawhiteflag,hadhailedoneofthenumerousAustrianoutpostsplacedduringthenight,infrontofthetrenches,andhadbeensentblindfoldedbacktothemajor.TheRussianofficerspokeonlybrokenFrench.Hecommandedoneoftheopposingtrenches,andfromhisnarrativeitappearedthathismenhadnotreceivedanyfoodsuppliesforsomedaysandwereactuallyonthepointofstarvation.Notbeingabletostandtheirmiseryanylonger,hehadtakenthebullbythehornsand,withtheutterconfidenceandstraightforwardnessofafearlessnature,hadsimplycomeovertous,theenemy,forhelp,offeringalittlebarrelofwaterwhichhiscompanioncarriedonhisheadandalittletobacco,inexchangeforsomeprovisions.Themajorseemedatfirst,perhaps,alittleperplexedandundecidedaboutthissingularrequest,buthisgenerousnatureandchivalrysoonasserteditself.Onesinglelookattheemaciatedandwornfacesofourguestssufficientlysubstantiatedthetruthoftheirstory,forbothmenwereutterlyexhaustedandonthevergeofcollapse.Thenextminutemessengerswereflyingtothedifferenttrenchesofthebattaliontosolicitandcollectcontributions,andtheofficersscrambledovereachotherintheirnoblecontesttodepletetheirownlastandcherishedreservesforthesupperoftheguests.Soonthelatterwereseatedascomfortablyascircumstancespermittedbeforeafeastofcannedbeef,cheese,biscuits,andasliceofsalami,myownproudcontributionconsistingoftwotabletsofchocolate,partofapreciousreserveforextremecases.ItwasastrangesighttoseethesetwoRussiansinanAustriantrench,surroundedbycordialityandtendersolicitude.Thebigbrotherhoodofhumanityhadforthetimeenvelopedfriendandfoe,stampingoutallhatredandracialdifferences.Itiswonderfulhowthemosttenderflowersofcivilizationcangohandinhandwiththemostbrutalatrocitiesofgrimmodernwarfare.这并不是一个孤立的案例,因为在整个战线上,类似的间歇性休战时有发生,有时甚至伴随着双方部队的实际接触。就在当天晚上,我被紧急召往第13连的战壕,大约在我们东面半英里处,以便在指挥该团的上校和他刚刚接收到的两位特殊客人之间担任翻译,这两位客人是一位俄国军官和他的勤务兵。这两人举着一面白旗,向夜间设立的众多奥地利前哨之一打招呼,然后被蒙着眼睛送回了上校那里。这位俄国军官只会说几句法语。他指挥的是对面的战壕,从他的叙述中可以看出,他的士兵已经好几天没有得到任何食物供应,实际上正濒临饥饿。由于无法再忍受这种苦难,他鼓起勇气,以一种无畏的自信和坦率,直接来到我们这边——敌方——寻求帮助,并提出用同伴头顶着的一小桶水和一点烟草作为交换,换取一些补给品。起初,上校也许有些困惑和犹豫,但他的慷慨本性和骑士精神很快显现出来。仅仅看一眼我们客人们的瘦削疲惫的脸庞,就足以证实他们故事的真实性,因为这两个人都极度疲惫,几乎要崩溃了。下一刻,信使们飞奔到该团各个战壕去征集和收集捐赠物品,军官们则争相把自己的最后一点珍贵储备拿出来,为客人的晚餐提供食物。很快,这些客人就尽可能舒适地坐在一桌罐装牛肉、奶酪、饼干和一片香肠前,我为自己自豪的贡献是两块巧克力,那是我珍藏的应急储备的一部分。看到这两个俄罗斯人坐在奥地利的战壕里,周围充满热情和关怀,真是一幅奇特的景象。此时此刻,人类的兄弟情谊将友人与敌人包裹起来,消除了所有的仇恨和种族差异。令人惊叹的是,最温柔的文明之花竟能与现代残酷战争中最野蛮的暴行并存。Inthemeanwhilethemessengershadreturnedalmoststaggeringundertheweightofasackfilledwiththegiftsofoursoldierstotheenemy,—piecesofbreadandbiscuitswithhereandthereasliceofbaconoralumpofcheese,allthrownpele–meletogether.Manyamanmusthavepartedwithhislastpieceofbreadinordernottobeoutdonebytheothersingenerosity,forourownprovisionswererunningverylow.Itistruethatthebreadandbiscuitsweremildewed,thecheesestale,andthebaconashardasstone,buttheboysgavethebesttheycould,theverypovertyandhumblenessofthegiftsattestingtheirowndesperateplight,andbearingproudwitnesstotheextentoftheirsacrifice.Withtearsintheireyesandreiteratedprotestationsofthanks,ourguestsstaggeredbackthroughthenighttotheirlines,undoubtedlycarryingwiththemtendermemoriesofAustriangenerosityandhospitality.与此同时,信使们回来了,几乎被装满我们士兵送给敌人的礼物的麻袋压得喘不过气来——有面包片和饼干,偶尔夹杂着一片火腿或一块奶酪,所有东西都乱七八糟地扔在一起。许多人都不得不拿出最后一块面包,以免在慷慨方面被别人比下去,因为我们的补给已经非常匮乏了。的确,面包和饼干发霉了,奶酪变质了,火腿硬得像石头一样,但小伙子们尽了他们最大的努力,他们礼物的贫穷和卑微正是他们自身绝望处境的证明,也骄傲地见证着他们牺牲的程度。带着眼中的泪水和反复的感谢声明,我们的客人踉跄着穿过黑夜回到他们的阵地,无疑带着对奥地利人慷慨和好客的温馨回忆。OnthemorningofthenextdayaRussiandetachmentsucceededinstormingahillonourflank,commandingthestripofspacebetweenourselvesandourreservesintherear,thuscuttingusofffromourmainbody.Theyestablishedthereamachine–gunbattery,and,althoughwewereundercoverinourtrench,wewerenowinaveryprecariousposition,fornomoreprovisionsorammunitioncouldreachus,allattemptstodosobreakingdownunderaterrificmachine–gunfire,butwehadorderstoholdourpositionatallcostandtothelastman.Unfortunatelyourammunitionwasgivingout,inspiteofourhusbandingitasmuchaspossibleandshootingonlywhenwehadasuretarget.TheRussianssoonfoundthateachshotmeantavictimandtooknochancesonshowingeventhetipsoftheircaps.Neithercouldwemovetheleastbitwithoutbeingthetargetforavolleyfromtheirside.UptothisdayIcannotunderstandwhytheydidnottrytorushus,butapparentlytheywereunawareofourcomparativeweakness.第二天早上,一支俄国分遣队成功地攻占了我们侧翼的一座山丘,控制了我们与后方预备队之间的空间地带,从而切断了我们与主力部队的联系。他们在那儿建立了一个机枪阵地,尽管我们躲在战壕里,但现在我们的处境非常危险,因为再也没有补给和弹药能送到我们这里,所有尝试都因猛烈的机枪火力而失败。但我们接到命令,无论如何都要坚守岗位,直到最后一人。不幸的是,尽管我们尽可能节省弹药,只在有把握的目标时才射击,但我们的弹药还是逐渐耗尽了。俄国人很快发现每开一枪就会造成一个伤亡,因此他们连帽子的尖角都不敢露出来。我们也无法移动哪怕一点点而不成为他们齐射的目标。直到今天,我仍不明白他们为什么没有试图冲过来,但显然他们并不了解我们的相对虚弱。Alsoforanotherreasonourpositionhadbecomemoreandmoreuntenable.Wewereonswampygroundandthewaterwasconstantlyoozinginfromthebottomofthetrench,sothatwesometimeshadtostandnearlyknee–deepandwereforcedtobailthewateroutwithourcaps.Itisdifficulttoimagineamoredeplorablesituationthantohavetostayforfourdaysinafoultrench,halffilledwithswampwater,constantlyexposedtothedestructivefireoftheenemy,utterlyisolatedandhopeless.还有另一个原因,使我们的处境变得越来越难以维持。我们所处的位置是沼泽地,水不断从战壕底部渗进来,以至于我们有时不得不站在几乎齐膝深的水中,被迫用帽子把水舀出去。很难想象比在充满恶臭的战壕里待上四天更悲惨的情况了,战壕一半被沼泽水填满,不断地受到敌人的破坏性火力攻击,完全孤立无援,毫无希望。Soonwewerecompletelywithoutanyfoodorwaterandourammunitionwasalmostexhausted.Duringthenight,hereandtheredaringmenwouldrushthroughthespacesweptbytheRussiangunfire,whichwaskeptupconstantly,tryingtobringuswhatscantysuppliestheycouldprocurefromneighboringtrenchesbetterprovidedthanwewere,butthelittletheybroughtwasnothingcomparedtoourneeds.很快,我们完全没有任何食物和水,弹药也几乎耗尽。在夜晚,一些勇敢的人会冲过被俄军炮火覆盖的区域,这些炮火持续不断,他们试图从比我们装备更好的邻近战壕中为我们带来少量的补给,但他们带来的东西与我们的需求相比微不足道。Ontheeveningofthatthirdday,knowingthatourammunitionwasgivingout,wefeltthatthenextdaywouldbringtheend,andallourthoughtsturnedhomewardsandtothedearones.Weallwrotewhatweconsideredourpartingandlastfarewell,eachonepledginghimselftodeliverandtakecareofthelettersoftheothersifhesurvived.Itwasagrave,sad,deeplytouchingmoment,whenweresignedourselvestotheinevitable,andyetsomehowweallfeltrelievedandsatisfiedthattheendmightcomeandgrimlyresolvedtosellourlivesdearly.在第三天的晚上,我们知道我们的弹药即将耗尽,我们觉得第二天就会迎来结束,所有的思绪都转向了家乡和亲人。我们都写下了我们认为是临别和最后的告别信,每个人都承诺如果自己幸存下来,会代为转交并照顾好其他人的信件。这是一个严肃、悲伤、令人深感感动的时刻,当我们接受不可避免的命运时,但不知怎么的,我们都感到一种解脱和满足,认为死亡可能会来临,但我们坚决决心以高昂的代价出售我们的生命。NeverbeforehadIasmuchreasontoadmirethewonderfulpowerofenduranceandstoicismofoursoldiersasonthatnight.Onceresignedtotheworst,alltheold–timespiritreturned,asifbymagic.Theysattogetherplayingcardsinasmuchmoonlightaswouldfallintothedeeptrench,relatingjokesandbolsteringuponeanother'scourage.在那晚,我从未如此充分地认识到我们的士兵忍耐力和坚毅精神的非凡力量。一旦接受了最坏的可能,所有过去的斗志都仿佛被魔法般恢复了。他们坐在一起,在战壕里能照到的月光下打牌,讲着笑话,互相鼓励着勇气。Thefourthdaybrokegloomy,withadrizzlingrain.Atteno'clockoneofourmenbecamesuddenlyinsane,jumpedoutofthetrench,dancedwildlyanddivestedhimselfofeverystitchofclothingwhiledoingso.Strangetosay,theRussiansmusthaverealizedthatthemanwasinsane,fortheyneverfiredathim,neitherdidtheyatthetwomenwhojumpedouttodrawhimback.Wesucceededincomfortingandsubduinghim,andhesoonfellintoastuporandremainedmotionlessforsometime.AssoonasdarknessfellwesucceededinconveyinghimbacktothereservesandIunderstandthathegotquitewellagaininafewdays.第四天天气阴沉,下着细雨。上午十点,我们的一名士兵突然发疯,跳出了战壕,疯狂地跳舞,并且一边跳一边脱光了衣服。奇怪的是,俄国人似乎意识到这个人疯了,所以他们没有向他开枪,也没有向那两个跳出去把他拉回来的人开枪。我们成功地让他平静下来并恢复了镇定,不久他就陷入昏迷,一动不动地待了一段时间。天一黑,我们就成功地把他送回了预备队,我听说几天后他就完全康复了。Atfiveo'clockthatafternoonwesuddenlyreceivedordersthrougharunningmessenger,whowasbravingtheincessantmachine–gunfire,thatourpositionswereabouttobeabandonedandthatweweretoevacuateourtrenchunderthecoverofdarkness,ateleveno'clock.Icannotbutconfessthatweallbreathedmorefreelyonthereceiptofthatinformation,butunfortunatelythepurposecouldnotbecarriedout.TheRussiansbythistimeevidentlyhadrealizedourcomparativelydefenselessconditionandutterlackofammunition,forthatsamenightweheardtwoshotsringout,beingasignalfromoursentinelsthattheyweresurprisedandthatdangerwasnear.Ihardlyhadtimetodrawmysword,tograspmyrevolverwithmylefthandandissueacommandtomymentoholdtheirbayonetsinreadiness,whenweheardatrampingofhorsesandsawdarkfiguresswoopingdownuponus.ForoncetheCossacksactuallycarriedouttheirattack,undoubtedlyowingtotheirintimateknowledgeofourlackofammunition.Mynextsensationwasacrushingpaininmyshoulder,struckbythehoofofahorse,andasharpknifepaininmyrightthigh.Ifiredwithmyrevolveratthehazyfigureaboveme,sawittoppleoverandthenlostconsciousness.当天下午五点,我们突然通过一名跑步传递命令的士兵收到了命令,这名士兵冒着持续不断的机枪火力,告诉我们我们的阵地即将被放弃,我们将在深夜十一点撤离战壕。我不得不承认,收到这个消息后,我们大家都感到轻松了许多,但不幸的是,这个目的无法实现。到这个时候,俄国人显然已经意识到我们相对脆弱的状况和弹药的极度缺乏,因为就在那个夜晚,我们听到了两声枪响,这是我们的哨兵发出的信号,表示他们遭到了突袭,危险临近。我几乎没有时间拔出剑,用左手抓住左轮手枪,并向我的士兵们下达命令,让他们准备好刺刀,这时我们就听到了马蹄声,看到黑影朝我们扑来。这一次,哥萨克人确实发动了进攻,毫无疑问是因为他们了解我们弹药不足的情况。我接下来的感觉是肩膀上一阵剧烈的疼痛,被马蹄打中了,右大腿也感到一阵尖锐的刀痛。我用左轮手枪向我上方模糊的身影开枪,看到它倒下了,然后我就失去了知觉。据我回忆,这发生在晚上十点过半左右。恢复知觉后,我发现忠实的勤务兵正跪在我旁边的战壕里。当我睁开眼睛时,他高兴地大喊起来。根据他的说法,奥地利人受到骑兵冲锋的打击而撤退,他们在黑暗中没有注意到我失踪了。但很快发现我不见了后,他便返回战壕寻找我。对他来说,这是一项危险的行动,因为哥萨克人还在四处游荡,他骄傲地给我看他在搜寻过程中一颗流弹击穿他背包的地方。他让我恢复知觉,给我做了初步的急救,并费了很大劲才把我从战壕里救出来。在夜间我们摸索着走了三个多小时,试图重新找到我们的防线。我们两次遇到一小队哥萨克人,但一听到脚步声,我们就安静地躺在路边,一动不动直到他们过去。幸运的是他们没有注意到我们,从那以后,我们继续摸索前行,再也没有发生任何其他事,直到被奥地利的一个前哨兵发现并安全地救起。BythistimeIwasutterlyexhaustedandagainlostconsciousness.WhenIopenedmyeyes,Iwasinalittlehutwhereourambulancegavefirstaid.TherefromIwastransportedtothenearestfieldhospital.This,however,hadtobebrokenupandthewoundedremovedbecauseoftheRussianadvance.Wewerehastilyputonbigambulancewagonswithoutsprings,thejoltingofwhichoverthebadroadcausedussuchsufferingthatweshouldhavealmostpreferredtowalkorcrawl.WetriedtoreachtherailwaystationatKomarnobutfoundaRussiandetachmenthadinterceptedus.Inthestreetsofthevillageashellburstalmostinfrontofourwagons,makingthehorsesshyandcausingagreatdealofconfusion.Wehadtoturnbackandafteralongandwearisomedetourreachedourdestination,thetroophospitalinSambor,inastateofgreatexhaustion.ThereIremainedbutaday.Thelessseriouslywoundedhadtomakeplaceforthegravercases,andbeingamongtheformer,IwastransferredbyhospitaltraintoMiscolcyinHungary.ThesamecrowdedconditionsprevailedhereasinSambor,andafteranight'srestIagainwasputonboardaRedCrosstrainenroutetoVienna.WeweremetatthestationbyanumberofRedCrossnursesandassistantdoctors.到这个时候,我彻底精疲力尽,再次失去了知觉。当我睁开眼睛时,发现自己在一个小棚屋里,那是我们的救护车提供初步救治的地方。从那里,我被送往最近的野战医院。然而,由于俄军的推进,这家医院不得不撤走,伤员也被转移。我们被匆忙地放在没有弹簧的大救护马车上,车子在糟糕的路上颠簸,使我们遭受了极大的痛苦,以至于我们几乎宁愿步行或爬行。我们试图到达科马诺的火车站,但发现一支俄军分遣队已经拦截了我们。在村庄的街道上,一枚炮弹几乎就在我们的马车前面爆炸,使得马匹惊慌,造成了很大的混乱。我们必须返回,并经过漫长而疲惫的绕道,最终到达了目的地——萨姆博尔的部队医院,此时我们已筋疲力尽。在那里我只待了一天。较轻伤的伤员必须为更严重的病例让出位置,而我属于前者,因此我被转移到匈牙利的米斯科尔茨的医院列车上。这里的拥挤状况与萨姆博尔一样,经过一夜的休息后,我又被送上开往维也纳的红十字列车。我们在车站受到了多名红十字护士和助理医生的迎接。Tomygreatjoymywifewasamongtheformer,havingbeenassignedtothatparticularduty.AshortofficialtelegramtotheeffectthatIwasbeingsenthomewoundedonhospitaltrainNumber16wasthefirstnewsshehadreceivedaboutmeforfullyfourweeks.Noneofmyfieldpostcardshadarrivedandshewassufferingextremenervousstrainfromthelonganxietyandsuspense,whichshehadtriedinvaintonumbbyfeverishworkinherhospital.IremainedtwoweeksinViennaandthenwastransferredtothesulphurbathofBadennear–by,wherelargehospitalshadbeenestablishedtorelievetheovercrowdingofVienna.ThereIremaineduntilthefirstofNovemberwhenIwasorderedtoappearbeforeamixedcommissionofarmysurgeonsandseniorofficers,foramedicalexamination.TwoweekslaterIreceivedformalintimationthatIhadbeenpronouncedinvalidandphysicallyunfitforarmydutyatthefrontorathome,andconsequentlywasexemptedfromfurtherservice.Mymilitaryexperienceendedthere,andwithdeepregretIbadegood–byetomyloyalbrotherofficers,comrades,andfaithfulorderly,anddiscardedmywell–beloveduniformforthenondescriptgarbofthecivilian,gratefulthatIhadbeenpermittedtobeofany,ifeversolittle,servicetomyFatherland.令我非常高兴的是,我的妻子属于前者,她被指派了这项特殊任务。一封简短的官方电报说,我因伤被送往第16号医院列车回家,这是她四个星期以来第一次收到关于我的消息。我没有收到任何前线明信片,她由于长期的焦虑和悬念而承受着极大的神经紧张,她曾试图通过在医院里忙碌的工作来麻木这种情绪,但徒劳无功。我在维也纳待了两周,然后被转送到附近的巴登硫磺浴场,在那里建立了大型医院以缓解维也纳医院的拥挤状况。在那里我一直待到11月1日,那时我被命令出席由陆军外科医生和高级军官组成的混合委员会进行体检。两周后,我收到了正式通知,说我已被宣布为残疾人员,身体状况不适合在前线或国内继续服役,因此被免除进一步服役。我的军事经历就此结束,我深感遗憾地与忠诚的兄弟军官、战友和忠实的勤务兵告别,并脱下我十分喜爱的军装,换上普通百姓的服装,感激自己能够为祖国尽一点微薄之力,哪怕只是极其微小的贡献。TheEnd结束