第4章

"FromtheilluminedhallLonglanesofsplendourslantedo\'erapressOfsnowyshoulders，thickasherdedewes，Andrainbowrobes，andgemsandgem-likeeyes，Andgoldandgoldenheads；theytoandfroFluctuated，asflowersinstorm，somered，somepale。"

The"smallsweetIdyll"from"Avolumeofthepoetsofherland"

pureTheocritus。IthasbeenadmirablyrenderedintoGreekbyMrGilbertMurray。Theexquisitebeautiesofstylearenotlessexquisitelyblendedintheconfusionsofadream，foradreamisthethingmostakintoThePrincess。TimedoesnotexistintherealmofGama，orintheidealuniversityofIda。WehaveabooklessNorth，severedbutbyafrontierpillarfromagoldenandlearnedSouth。

Thearts，fromarchitecturetominiature-painting，areintheirhighestperfection，whileknightsstilltourneyinarmour，andthequarreloftwonationsisdecidedasinthegentleandjoyouspassageofarmsatAshbydelaZouche。Suchconfusionsarepurposefullydream-like:thevisionbeingacompositething，asdreamsare，hauntedbythemodernsceneoftheholidayinthepark，the"gallantgloriouschronicle，"theAbbey，andthat"oldcrusadingknightaustere，"SirRalph。Thesevennarratorsoftheschemearelikethe"splitpersonalities"ofdreams，andthewholeschemeisofgreattechnicalskill。Theearliereditionslackedthebeautifulsongsoftheladies，andthatadditionaltraitofdream，thestrangetrance-

likeseizuresofthePrince:"fallingsfromus，vanishings，"inWordsworthianphrase；instancesof"dissociation，"inmodernpsychologicalterminology。Tennysonhimself，likeShelleyandWordsworth，hadexperienceofthiskindofdreamingawakewhichheattributestohisPrince，tostrengthentheshadowyyetbrilliantcharacterofhisromance。Itisathingofnormalandnaturalpointsderepere；ofdaylightsuggestion，touchedaswiththemagnifyingandintensifyingelementsofhaschish-begottenphantasmagoria。InthesamewayopiumraisedintotheregionofbrilliantvisionthatpassageofPurchaswhichColeridgewasreadingbeforehedreamedKublaKhan。ButinTennysontheeffectsweredeliberatelysoughtandsecured。

Onemightconjecture，thoughLordTennysonsaysnothingonthesubject，thatamongthesuggestionsforThePrincesswastheopeningofLove\'sLabour\'sLost。HeretheKingofNavarredevisestheCollegeofRecluses，whichisbrokenupbythearrivalofthePrincessofFrance，Rosaline，andtheotherladies:-

King。OurCourtshallbealittleAcademe，Stillandcontemplativeinlivingart。

Youthree，Biron，Domain，andLongaville，Haveswornforthreeyears\'termtolivewithme，Myfellow-scholars，andtokeepthosestatutes。

***

Biron。Thatis，toliveandstudyherethreeyears。

Butthereareotherstrictobservances；

As，nottoseeawomaninthatterm。

***

[Reads]\'ThatnowomanshaltcomewithinamileofmyCourt:\'Haththisbeenproclaimed？

Long。Fourdaysago。

Biron。Let\'sseethepenalty。[Reads]\'Onpainoflosinghertongue。\'

ThePrincessthenarriveswithherladies，asthePrincedoeswithCyrilandFlorian，asCharlesdid，withBuckingham，inSpain。TheconclusionofShakespeareisTennyson\'sconclusion-

"Wecannotcrossthecausewhyweareborn。"

ThelaterpoetreversestheattitudeofthesexesinLove\'sLabour\'sLost:itisthewomenwhomakeandbreakthevow；andthewomeninThePrincessinsistonthe"grand，epic，homicidal"scenes，whilethemenaredebarred，moreorless，fromasportivetreatmentofthesubject。ThetaverncatchofCyril；thelaughablepursuitofthePrincebythefeminineProctors；thedraggledappearanceoftheadventurersinfemalegarb，areconcessionstothehumourofthesituation。ShakespearewouldcertainlyhavegivenusthesongofCyrilatthepicnic，andcomicenoughtheeffectwouldhavebeenonthestage。Itmaybeagrossemployment，butThePrincess，withtheprettychorusofgirlundergraduates，"Incoloursgayerthanthemorningmist，"

wentreasonablywellinopera。Merelyconsideredasaromanticfiction，ThePrincesspresentshigherproofsoforiginalnarrativegeniusthananyothersuchattemptbyitsauthor。

ThepoemisfarfrombeingdeficientinthathumaninterestwhichShelleysaidthatitwasasvaintoaskfromHIM，astoseektobuyalegofmuttonatagin-shop。Thecharacters，theprotagonists，withCyril，Melissa，LadyBlanche，thechildAglaia，KingGama，theotherking，Arac，andthehero\'smother——beautifullystudiedfromthemotherofthepoet——areallsufficientlyhuman。Buttheyseemtowaverinthemagicair，"asallthegoldenautumnwoodlandreelsathwartthefiresofautumnleaves。Forthesereasons，andbecauseofthedesignedfantasyofthewholecomposition，ThePrincessisessentiallyapoemforthetrueloversofpoetry，ofSpenserandofColeridge。Theseriousmotive，thequestionofWoman，herwrongs，herrights，hereducation，hercapabilities，wasnot"intheair"in1847。Tobesureithadoftenbeen"intheair。"TheAlexandrianPlatonists，theRenaissance，eventheageofAnne，hadtheiremancipatedandlearnedladies。EarlyGreecehadSappho，Corinna，andErinna，thefirstthechiefoflyricpoets，eveninherfragments，thetwoothersapplaudedbyallHellas。TheFrenchRevolutionhadbegottenMaryWollstonecraftGodwinandherVindicationoftheRightsofWomen，andinFranceGeorgeSandwasprominentandemancipatedenoughwhilethepoetwrote。But，thequestionofloveapart，GeorgeSandwas"very，verywoman，"shiningasadomesticcharacterandfondofneedlework。Englandwasnotexcitedaboutthequestionwhichhassinceproducedsomanydisputants，inevitablyshrill，andhasnotbeengreatlymeddledwithbywomenofgenius，GeorgeEliotorMrsOliphant。Thepoem，inthepublicindifferenceastofeminineeducation，cameratherprematurely。Wehavenowladies\'colleges，notinhauntsremotefromman，butbythesedgedbanksofCamandCherwell。Therehavebeennorevolutionaryresults:noboyshavespiedthesechastenests，withechoingromanticconsequences。ThebeautyandsplendourofthePrincess\'suniversityhavenotariseninlightandcolour，anditisonlyatStAndrewsthatgirlsweartheacademicandbecomingcostumeofthescarletgown。Therealisfarbelowtheideal，buttherealin1847seemedeminentlyremote，orevenimpossible。

ThelearnedPrincessherselfwasnotonourlevelastoknowledgeandthepastofwomankind。SheknewnotoftheirmasterlypositioninthelawofancientEgypt。Gynaeocracyandmatriarchy，thewomantheheadofthesavageorprehistoricgroup，werethingshiddenfromher。

She"glancedattheLyciancustom，"butnotatthePictish，acustomwhichwouldhavesuitedGeorgeSandtoamarvel。ShemalignedtheHottentots。

"Thehighestisthemeasureoftheman，AndnottheKaffir，Hottentot，Malay。"

TheHottentotshadlongagoanticipatedthePrincessandhershrillmodernsisterhood。IfwetaketheGreeks，orevenourselves，wemaysay，withDampier(1689)，"TheHodmadods，thoughanastypeople，yetaregentlementothese"asregardsthepositionofwomen。LetushearMrHartland:"IneveryHottentot\'shousethewifeissupreme。

Herhusband，poorfellow，thoughhemaywieldwidepowerandinfluenceoutofdoors，athomedarenoteventakeamouthfulofsour-milkoutofthehouseholdvatwithoutherpermission……Thehighestoathamancantakeistoswearbyhiseldestsister，andifheabusesthisnameheforfeitstoherhisfinestgoodsandsheep。"

However，in1847EnglandhadnotyetthoughtofimitatingtheHodmadods。Consequently，andbyreasonofthepurelyliteraryandelaboratelyfantasticalcharacterofThePrincess，itwasnotofanaturetoincreasethepoet\'sfameandsuccess。"Mybookisout，andIhateit，andsonodoubtwillyou，"TennysonwrotetoFitzGerald，whohateditandsaidso。"LikeCarlyle，IgaveupallhopesofhimafterThePrincess，"indeeditwasnotapttoconciliateCarlyle。

"Noneofthesongshadtheoldchampagneflavour，"saidFitz；andLordTennysonadds，"NothingeitherbyThackerayorbymyfathermetFitzGerald\'sapprobationunlesshehadfirstseenitinmanuscript。"

Thisprejudicewasveryhuman。LordTennysonremarks，astothepoet\'smeaninginthiswork，borntooearly，that"thesoonerwomanfindsout，beforethegreateducationalmovementbegins，that\'womanisnotundevelopedman，butdiverse，\'thebetteritwillbefortheprogressoftheworld。"

Butprobablythe"educationalmovement"willnotmakemuchdifferencetowomankindonthewhole。TheoldPlatonicremarkthatwoman"doesthesamethingsasman，butnotsowell，"willeternallyholdgood，atleastinthearts，andinletters，exceptinrarecasesofgenius。

AnewJeanned\'Arc，themostsignalexampleofabsolutegeniusinhistory，willnotcomeagain；andtheageshavewaitedvainlyforanewSapphooranewJaneAusten。Literature，poetry，painting，havealwaysbeenfieldsopentowoman。Buttwonamesexhausttherollofwomenofthehighestrankinletters——SapphoandJaneAusten。And"whendidwomaneveryetinvent？"In"artsofgovernment"Elizabethhadcourage，andjustsavingsenseenoughtoyieldtoCecilattheeleventhhour，andescapethefateof"hersisterandherfoe，"thebeautifulunhappyqueenwhotoldherladiesthatshedaredtolookonwhatevermendaredtodo，andherselfwoulddoitifherstrengthsoservedher。"{6}"ThefoundressoftheBabylonianwalls"isamyth；

"theRhodopethatbuiltthePyramid"isnotacreditablemyth；forexceptionstoKnox\'s"MonstrousRegimentofWomen"wemustfallbackon"ThePalmyrenethatfoughtAurelian，"andthereverednameofthegreatestofEnglishqueens，Victoria。Thushistorydoesnotencouragethehopethataman-likeeducationwillraisemanywomentothelevelofthehighestoftheirsexinthepast，oreventhattheenormousmajorityofwomenwilltakeadvantageoftheopportunityofaman-likeeducation。Aglanceatthenumerousperiodicalsdesignedforthereadingofwomendepressesoptimism，andthePrincess\'sprophecyof"TwoplummetsdroppedforonetosoundtheabyssOfscience，andthesecretsofthemind，"

isnotnearfulfilment。Fortunatelythesexdoesnot"lovetheMetaphysics，"andperhapshasnotyetproducedevenamanualofLogic。Itmustsufficemanandwomanto"WalkthisworldYokedinallexerciseofnobleend，"

ofamorepracticalcharacter，whilewomanisatliberty"ToliveandlearnandbeAllthatnotharmsdistinctivewomanhood。"

Thiswastheconclusionofthepoetwhohadthemostchivalrousreverenceforwomanhood。Thisistheeireniconofthatoldstrifebetweenthewomenandthemen——thatwarinwhichbotharmiesarecaptured。Itmaynotbeacceptabletoexcitedladycombatants，whothinkmantheirfoe，whentherealenemyis(whatPorsondamned)theNatureofThings。

AnewpoemlikeThePrincesswouldsoonreachthepublicofourday，sogreatlyincreasedaretheusesofadvertisement。ButThePrincessmovedslowlyfromeditiontorevisedandimprovededition，bringingneithermoneynormuchincreaseoffame。ThepoetwaslivingwithhisfamilyatCheltenham，whereamonghisnewacquaintanceswereSydneyDobell，thepoetofafewexquisitepieces，andF。W。

Robertson，latersopopularasapreacheratBrighton。Meetinghimforthefirsttime，andknowingRobertson\'s"wishtoplucktheheartfrommymystery，frompurenervousnessIwouldonlytalkofbeer。"

ThiskindofshynessbesetTennyson。Aladytellsmethatasagirl(andaverybeautifulgirl)sheandhersister，andathird，necdiversa，metthepoet，andexpectedhighdiscourse。Buthisspeechwasallofthatwinglessinsectwhich"getsthere，allthesame，"

accordingtoanAmericanlyrist；theinsectwhichfillsMrsCarlyle\'sletterswithbulletinsofhersuccessorfailureindomesticcampaigns。

TennysonkeptvisitingLondon，wherehesawThackerayandthedespairofCarlyle，andatBathHousehewastoomodesttobeintroducedtothegreatDukewhoserequiemhewastosingsonobly。OddlyenoughDouglasJerroldenthusiasticallyassuredTennyson，atadinnerofaSocietyofAuthors，that"youaretheonewhowilllive。"Tothatend，humanlyspeaking，heplacedhimselfunderthecelebratedDrGullyandhis"water-cure，"afoibleofthatperiod。In1848hemadeatourtoKingArthur\'sCornishbounds，andanothertoScotland，wherethePassofBranderdisappointedhim:perhapshesawitonafineday，and，likeGlencoe，itneedstempestandmistlitupbythewhitefiresofmanywaterfalls。BybonnyDoonhe"fellintoapassionoftears，"forhehadallofKeats\'ssentimentforBurns:

"Thereneverwasimmortalpoetifhebenotone。"OfallEnglishpoets，thewarmestinthepraiseofBurnshavebeenthetwomostunlikehimself——TennysonandKeats。ItwasthesongsthatTennysonpreferred；WordsworthlikedtheCottar\'sSaturdayNight。

CHAPTERV——INMEMORIAM。

InMay1850afew，copiesofInMemoriamwereprintedforfriends，andpresentlythepoemwaspublishedwithoutauthor\'sname。Thepieceshadbeencomposedatintervals，from1833onwards。Itistobeobservedthatthe"sectionaboutevolution"waswrittensomeyearsbefore1844，whentheingenioushypothesesofRobertChambers，inVestigesofCreation，weregiventotheworld，andcausedagooddealoftalk。Tenyears，again，afterInMemoriam，cameDarwin\'sOriginofSpecies。Thesedatesareworthobserving。Thetheoryofevolution，ofcourseinarudemythicalshape，isatleastasoldasthetheoryofcreation，andisfoundamongthespeculationsofthemostbackwardsavages。TheAruntaofCentralAustralia，araceremotefromthepolite，haveahypothesisofevolutionwhichpostulatesonlyafewrudimentaryformsoflife，amarineenvironment，andtheminimumofsupernormalassistanceinthewayofstimulatingtheprimalformsinthedirectionofmorehighlydifferentiateddevelopments。"Therudimentaryforms，Inapertwa，wereinrealitystagesinthetransformationofvariousplantsandanimalsintohumanbeings……Theyhadnodistinctlimbsororgansofsight，hearing，orsmell。"Theyexistedinakindoflumps，andweresetfreefromthecaulswhichenvelopedthembytwobeingscalledUngambikula，"awordwhichmeans\'outofnothing，\'or\'self-

existing。\'Mendescendfromloweranimalsthusevolved。"{7}

Thisexampleofthedoctrineofevolutioninanearlyshapeisonlymentionedtoprovethattheideahasbeenfamiliartothehumanmindfromthelowestknownstageofculture。Notlessfamiliarhasbeenthetheoryofcreationbyakindofsupremebeing。Thenotionofcreation，however，upto1860，heldtheforemostplaceinmodernEuropeanbelief。ButLamarck，theelderDarwin，Monboddo，andothershadsubmittedhypothesesofevolution。NowitwaspartoftheoriginalityofTennyson，asaphilosophicpoet，thathehadbroodedfromboyhoodontheseearlytheoriesofevolution，inanagewhentheywerepracticallyunknowntotheliterary，andwerenotpatronisedbythescientific，world。InNovember1844hewrotetoMrMoxon，"IwantyoutogetmeabookwhichIseeadvertisedintheExaminer:itseemstocontainmanyspeculationswithwhichIhavebeenfamiliarforyears，andonwhichIhavewrittenmorethanonepoem。"ThisbookwasVestigesofCreation。ThesepoemsarethestanzasinInMemoriamabout"thegreaterape，"andaboutNatureascarelessofthetype:"allshallgo。"ThepoeticandphilosophicoriginalityofTennysonthusfacedthepopularinferencesastotheeffectofthedoctrineofevolutionuponreligiousbeliefslongbeforetheworldwasmovedinallitsdeepsbyDarwin\'sOriginofSpecies。Thusthegeologicalrecordisinconsistent，welearned，withtherecordofthefirstchaptersofGenesis。Ifmanisadifferentiatedmonkey，andifamonkeyhasnosoul，orfuturelife(whichistakenforgranted)，whereareman\'stitle-deedstothesepossessions？Withotherdifficultiesofanobviouskind，thesepresentedthemselvestothepoetwithrenewedforcewhenhisonlychanceofhappinessdependedonbeingabletobelieveinafuturelife，andreunionwiththebeloveddead。Unbeliefhadalwaysexisted。WehearofatheistsintheRigVeda。Intheearlyeighteenthcentury，intheageofSwift-

"Menproved，assureasGod\'sinGloucester，ThatMoseswasagreatimpostor。"

distrustofMosesincreasedwiththeincreaseofhypothesesofevolution。ButwhatEnglishpoet，beforeTennyson，everattempted"tolaythespectresofthemind"；everfacedworld-oldproblemsintheirmostrecentaspects？Iamnotacquaintedwithanypoetwhoattemptedthistask，and，whateverwemaythinkofTennyson\'ssuccess，Idonotseehowwecandenyhisoriginality。

MrFredericHarrison，however，thinksthatneither"thetheologynorthephilosophyofInMemoriamarenew，original，withanindependentforceanddepthoftheirown。""Theyareexquisitelygracefulre-

statementsofthetheologyoftheBroadChurchmanoftheschoolofF。

D。MauriceandJowett——acombinationofMaurice\'ssomewhatillogicalpietywithJowett\'sphilosophyofmystification。"ThepietyofMauricemaybeasillogicalasthatofPositivismislogical，andthephilosophyoftheMasterofBalliolmaybewhateverMrHarrisonpleasestocallit。ButasJowett\'searliestwork(exceptanessayonEtruscanreligion)isof1855，onedoesnotseehowitcouldinfluenceTennysonbefore1844。AndwhathadtheDukeofArgyllwrittenonthesethemessomeyearsbefore1844？ThelateDuke，towhomMrHarrisonrefersinthisconnection，wasbornin1823。Hisphilosophicideas，iftheyweretoinfluenceTennyson\'sInMemoriam，musthavebeensetforthbyhimatthetenderageofseventeen，orthereabouts。MrHarrison\'ssentenceis，"ButdoesInMemoriamteachanything，ortransfigureanyideawhichwasnotaboutthattime"(thetimeofwritingwasmainly1833-1840)"commonformwithF。D。

Maurice，withJowett，C。Kingsley，F。Robertson，StopfordBrooke，MrRuskin，andtheDukeofArgyll，BishopsWestcottandBoydCarpenter？"

ThedatesanswerMrHarrison。JowettdidnotpublishanythingtillatleastfifteenyearsafterTennysonwrotehispoemsonevolutionandbelief。DrBoydCarpenter\'sworkspreviousto1840areunknowntobibliography。F。W。RobertsonwasayoungparsonatCheltenham。

RuskinhadnotpublishedthefirstvolumeofModernPainters。HisOxfordprizepoemisof1839。MrStopfordBrookewasatschool。TheDukeofArgyllwasbeingprivatelyeducated:andsowiththerest，exceptthecontemporaryMaurice。HowcanMrHarrisonsaythat，inthetimeofInMemoriam，Tennysonwas"intouchwiththeideasofHerschel，Owen，Huxley，Darwin，andTyndall"？{8}WhenTennysonwrotethepartsofInMemoriamwhichdealwithscience，nobodybeyondtheirfamiliesandfriendshadheardofHuxley，Darwin，andTyndall。

Theyhadnotdeveloped，muchlesshadtheypublished，their"generalideas。"EveninhisjournaloftheCruiseoftheBeagleDarwin\'sideaswerereligious，andhenaivelyadmiredtheworksofGod。ItisstrangethatMrHarrisonhasbasedhiscriticism，andhistheoryofTennyson\'swantoforiginality，onwhatseemstobeahistoricalerror。HecitespartsofInMemoriam，andremarks，"Noonecandenythatallthisisexquisitelybeautiful；thattheseeternalproblemshaveneverbeencladinsuchinimitablegrace……ButthetrainofthoughtisessentiallythatwithwhichordinaryEnglishreadershavebeenmadefamiliarbyF。D。Maurice，ProfessorJowett，EcceHomo，Hypatia，andnowbyArthurBalfour，MrDrummond，andmanyvaliantcompaniesofSeptem[whySeptem？]contraDiabolum。"OnemustkeeprepeatingthehistoricalveritythattheideasofInMemoriamcouldnothavebeen"madefamiliarby"authorswhohadnotyetpublishedanything，orbybooksyetundreamedofandunborn，suchasEcceHomoandJowett\'sworkonsomeofStPaul\'sEpistles。IfthesebookscontaintheideasofInMemoriam，itisbydintofrepetitionandborrowingfromInMemoriam，orbycoincidence。TheoriginalitywasTennyson\'s，forwecannotdisputetheevidenceofdates。

Whenonespeaksof"originality"onedoesnotmeanthatTennysondiscoveredtheexistenceoftheultimateproblems。ButatCambridge(1828-1830)hehadvoted"No"inanswertothequestiondiscussedby"theApostles，""Isanintelligible[intelligent？]FirstCausededuciblefromthephenomenaoftheuniverse？"{9}Hehadalsopropoundedthetheorythat"thedevelopmentofthehumanbodymightpossiblybetracedfromtheradiatedvermicularmolluscousandvertebrateorganisms，"thirtyyearsbeforeDarwinpublishedTheOriginofSpecies。Tobeconcernedsoearlywithsuchhypotheses，andtoface，inpoetry，thereligiousorirreligiousinferenceswhichmaybedrawnfromthem，decidedlyconstitutespartofthepoeticoriginalityofTennyson。Hisattitude，asapoet，towardsreligiousdoubtisonlysofarnotoriginal，asitispartofthegeneralreactionfromthefreethinkingoftheeighteenthcentury。Menhadthenbeenfreethinkersavecdelices。Itwasajoyousthingtobeanatheist，orsomethingverylikeone；atallevents，itwasglorioustobe"emancipated。"Manystillfinditglorious，aswereadinthetoneofMrHuxley，whenhetriumphsandtramplesoverpiousdukesandbishops。Shelleysaidthatacertainschoolgirl"wouldmakeadearlittleatheist。"Butby1828-1830menwerelessjoyousintheirescapefromallthathadhithertoconsoledandfortifiedhumanity。

LongbeforehedreamedofInMemoriam，inthePoemschieflyLyricalof1830Tennysonhadwritten-

"\'Yet，\'saidI，inmymornofyouth，Theunsunn\'dfreshnessofmystrength，WhenIwentforthinquestoftruth，\'Itisman\'sprivilegetodoubt。\'……

Ayme!IfearAllmaynotdoubt，buteverywhereSomemustclaspIdols。Yet，myGod，WhomcallIIdol？LetThydoveShadowmeover，andmysinsBeunremember\'d，andThyloveEnlightenme。OhteachmeyetSomewhatbeforetheheavyclodWeighsonme，andthebusyfretOfthatsharp-headedwormbeginsInthegrossblacknessunderneath。

Ohwearylife!ohwearydeath!

Ohspiritandheartmadedesolate!

Ohdamnedvacillatingstate!"

NowthephilosophyofInMemoriammaybe，indeedis，regardedbyrobust，first-rate，andfarfromsensitiveminds，asa"damnedvacillatingstate。"Thepoetisnotsoimbuedwiththespiritofpopularscienceastobesurethatheknowseverything:knowsthatthereisnothingbutatomsandether，withnoroomforGodorasoul。

Heisfarfromthathappycock-certainty，andconsequentlyisexposedtothecontemptofthecock-certain。Thepoem，saysMrHarrison，"hasmadeTennysontheidoloftheAnglicanclergyman——theworldinwhichhewasbornandtheworldinwhichhislifewasideallypassed——

theidolofallculturedyouthandofallaestheticwomen。Itisanhonourableposttofill"——thatofidol。"TheargumentofInMemoriamapparentlyis……thatweshouldfaintlytrustthelargerhope。"

That，Ithink，isnottheargument，nottheconclusionofthepoem，butisacasualexpressionofonemoodamongmanymoods。

TheargumentandconclusionofInMemoriamaretheargumentandconclusionofthelifeofTennyson，andoftheloveofTennyson，thatimmortalpassionwhichwasapartofhimself，andwhich，ifaughtofusendure，islivingyet，andmustliveeternally。FromtherecordofhisLifebyhissonweknowthathistrustin"thelargerhope"