Fabre, Poet of Science

第6章

Moreover,thefirstfewvolumeswereinnowayseductive。Theyboastednotthemostelementarydrawingstohelpthereader;nottheslightestwoodcuttogiveadirectideaoftheinsectsdescribed;oftheirshape,aspect,orphysiognomy;andasimplesketch,howeverpoor,isoftenworthmorethanlongandlaboriousdescriptions。Thefirstvolumesespecially,printedeconomically,attheleastpossibleexpense,werenotoutwardlyattractive。

Itisalsotruethathehadneverfoundedanygreathopesonthesaleofsuchworks。

Veryfewpeoplearereallyinterestedintheloweranimals,andFabrehasbeenreproachedwithwastinghistimeover“childishhistories,unworthyofseriousattentionandunlikelytomakemoney。”ofwastinginfrivolousoccupationsthetimewhichispassingsoquicklyandcanneverreturn。Andwhyshouldhehavestillfurtherwastedsomanyprecioushoursinexecutingminutedrawingswhosereproductionwouldhaveinvolvedanexpenditurewhichhispublisherwouldnotdaretoventureupon,andwhichhehimselfcouldnotafford?

Forthisuniversalinquirerwaswellfittedforsuchatask,andallthesecreatureswhichhehaddepictedheiscapableofrepresentingwithbrushandpencilasfaithfullyaswithhispen。Hehaditinhimtobenotonlyawriter,butanexcellentdraughtsman,andevenagreatpainter。Hehasreproducedinwater-colour,withlovingcare,thedecorationsofthespecimensofprehistoricpotterywhichhisexcavationshaverevealed,andwhichhehasendeavouredtoreconstruct,withallthescienceofanarchaeologist。Hehasdisplayedthesameskillinwater-colourinthatastonishingiconography,inwhichhehasdetailed,withmarvellousaccuracy,allthepeculiaritiesofthemycologicalfloraoftheolive-

growingdistricts。(16/14。)

Asforthose“paltryfigures“insufficientorflagrantlyincorrectindrawing,withwhichmanypeoplearesatisfied,heregardsthemas“intolerable“inhisownbooks,andasabsolutelycontradictingtherigorousaccuracyofhistext。(16/15。)

OflateyearsphotographyandtheskillofhissonPaulhavesuppliedthisdeficiency。Hetaughthissontofixtheinsectsonthesensitiveplateintheirtrueattitudes,intherealityoftheirmostinstantaneousgestures。

Howevervaluablesuchdocumentsmaybe,howmuchweshouldpreferfinedrawings,givingreliefnotonlytoformsandcolours,butalsotothemostcharacteristicfeaturesandthewholelivingphysiognomyofthecreature!

Thisisthefunctionofart;butthegreatartistthatwasinFabrewascapableinthisdomainofrivallingthemagicaltalentofanAudubon。

Suchworkwasrelinquished,althoughsomanyromancesofnature,somuchdishonestpatch-work,wontheapplauseduetosuccess。

Fabrefellmoreandmoreintoastateborderingonindigence,andfinallyhewasquiteforgotten。Anopponentofevolution,hewasoutofthefashion。Theencyclopaediasbarelymentionedhim。LamarckiansandDarwinians,whostillmadesomuchnoiseintheworld,ignoredhim;andnoonecamenowtoopenthegatebehindwhichwasageing,inobscurityanddeserted,“oneoftheloftiestandpurestgeniuseswhichthecivilizedworldatthatmomentpossessed;oneofthemostlearnednaturalistsandoneofthemostmarvellousofpoetsinthemodernandtrulylegitimatesenseoftheword。”(16/16。)

InthedepartmentofVaucluse,wherehelivedformorethansixtyyears,inAvignonitself,wherehehadtaughtfortwentyyears,theprefectBelleudy,whohadsucceededinapproachinghim,wasastonishedanddistressedtofind“sogreatamindsolittleknown“;foreventhoseabouthimscarcelyknewhisname。(16/17。)

Butwhatmatter!ThehermitofSérignanwasnotdiscouraged;hewasdisturbedonlybythefailureofhisstrength,andthefearthathecouldnotmuchlongerexercisethatdivinefacultywhichhadalwaysconsoledhimforallhissorrowsandhisdisappointments。HecouldscarcelydraghiswearylimbsacrossthepebblesofhisHarmas;butheborehiseighty-sevenyearswithafinedisdainforageanditsfailings,andalthoughthefireofhisglanceandthatwhole,eagercountenancestillexpressedhispassionforthetruth,hisabruptgestures,touchedwithirony,hissimplebearing,andtheextrememodestyofhiswholeperson,spokesufficientlyofhisprofoundindifferencetowardoutsidecontingencies,forthebaublesoffameandallthestupiditiesoflife。

Atafewmiles’distance,inanothervillage,thatothergreatpeasant,Mistral,thesingerofProvence,thepoetofloveandjoy,theminstrelofrusticlabourandantiquefaiths,waspursuing,amidthehomageofhisapotheosis,theincrediblecycleofhissplendidexistence。

Thisgloryhadcometohimsuddenly;thisfame“whosefirstglancesaresweeterthanthefiresofdawn。”andwhichwasnevertodeserthimforfiftylongyears。

Thewindoffavourwhichhadsweetenedhisyouthcontinuedtopropelhiminfullsail。Hehadonlytoshowhimselftobeatoncesurrounded,felicitated,worshipped;andhismerepresencewouldswayacrowdastheblackpeaksofthehighcypressesareswayedbythegreatwindthatbearshisname。LikeFabre,hehadremainedfaithfultohisnativesoil;thatsoilwhichthegreatnaturalisthadneverbeenabletoleavewithoutatoncelongingimpatientlytoreturntoitsdustyoliveswherethecigalesings,itsilextreesanditsthickets;andsohelivedfarfromthecities,inaquietvillage,withthesamehorizonofplainsandhillsthatwerebalmywiththyme,leadinginhislittlehomeanequallifefullofwisdomandsimplicity。

ThehermitofSérignanwastheLucretiusofthisProvence,whichhadalreadyfounditsVirgil。Withaverydifferentvision,eachhadthesamerustictastes,thesameloveofthefreespacesofwildnatureandthescenesofrurallife。ButMistral,whereverhelooked,sawhumanlifeashappyandsimple,throughtheprismofhiscreativeimaginationandtheoptimismofhishappylife。Fabre,onthecontrary,behindthesombrerealitieswhichhestudied,sawonlytheferociousengagementofconfusedlivingforces,andafrightfultragedy。

Thustheirtwolives,whichwerelikeparallellines,nevermeeting,wereinkeepingwiththeirwork。AndwhileMistral,stillyoungandtriumphantdespitetheyears,wasatMaillaneoverwhelmedwithhonoursandconsideration,thepoorgreatmanofSérignanlivedanobscureandingloriousexistence。

Hehadthegreatesttroubletoliveandrearhisfamily,andalmosthissoleincomeconsistedofanuncertainsumof120poundssterlingannually,whichhehadforsomeyearsreceived,intheguiseofapension,bythegenerosityoftheInstitute,astheGegnerprize。

Finallyhissituationwassoprecariousthathedecidedtoselltoamuseumthatmagnificentcollectionofwater-colourplatesinwhichhehadrepresented,life-sizeandwithanastonishingtruthofcolour,allthefungiwhichgrowinProvence。

HewrotetoMistralonthesubject,afterthevisitwhichthelatterpaidhiminthespringof1908:theonlyvisitofthekind。BeforemeetinginSaint-Estelle,theParadiseoftheFélibres,theyhadwishednottodiebeforeatleastmeetingonthisearth。

Fabrewrotetomistralthefollowingletter,whichIowetothekindnessofthegreatpoet:——

“Ihaveneverthoughtofprofitingbymyhumblefungoidwater-

colours……Fatewillperhapsdecideotherwise。

“Inthisconnection,permitmetomakeaconfession,towhichyournobilityofcharacterencouragesme。UntillatterlyIhadlivedmodestlyontheproductofmyschool-books。To-daytheweathercockhasturnedtoanotherquarter,andmybooksnolongersell。SohereIam,morethaneverinthegripofthatterribleproblemofdailybread。Ifyouthink,then,thatwithyourhelpandthatofyourfriends,mypoorpicturesmighthelpmealittle,Ihavedecidedtoletthemgo,butnotwithoutbitterness。Itisliketearingoffapieceofmyskin,andIstillholdtothisoldskin,shabbyasitmaybe;alittleformyownsake,muchmoreformyfamily’s,andmuchmoreagainforthesakeofmyentomologicalstudies,studieswhichIfeelobligedtopursue,persuadedthatforalongtimetocomenoonewillcaretoresumethem,soungratefulisthecalling。”(16/18。)

AttheinstigationofthepoettheprefectBelleudytookituponhimtointercedewiththeMinister,fromwhomhefinallywrungagrantof40

poundssterling,“inencouragementofthesciences。”FinallyheventuredtorevealthesituationtotheGeneralCouncilofVaucluse,andtorequireittocontributeatleastitsshare,inordertoensureapeacefulanddecentoldagetoamanwhowasnotonlythegreatestcelebrityofthedepartment,butalsooneofthehighestgloriesofthenation。HepleadedsowellandsonoblythattheassemblygrantedFabreanannualsumof20poundssterling,“asthepublichomagewhichhiscompatriotspaytohisloftyscienceandHISEXCESSIVEMODESTY。”(16/19。)Atthesametime,inagenerousimpulse,theCouncilplacedathisdisposalallthescientificequipmentofthedepartmentallaboratoryofagriculturalanalysis,whichwasnolongerused;therewasindeedtalkofsuppressingit。

Nowthattheburdenofhisdaysweighedsoheavilyonhim,andhistaskwasvirtuallyfinished,everything,bythecustomaryironyofthings,wascominghiswaysimultaneously:notonlywhatwasnecessaryandindispensable,butevensomethingthatwassuperfluous。

Soonedayallthesedelicateinstruments,uselesstoabiologistwhobytheverynatureofhislabourshaddonewithoutthemallhislife,andhadneverweariedofdenyingtheirutility,arrivedatSérignan。Hedidnotpossessevenonemodestthermometer;andasforthesuperbmicroscopeoverwhichhesooftenbent,theonlycostlyinstrumentinhisrusticlaboratory,itwasapreciouspresentwhich,attheinstigationofDuruy,Dumasthechemisthadgivenhimyearsbefore;butasimplelensveryoftensufficedhim。“Thesecretsoflife。”hesomewherewrites,“aretobeobtainedbysimple,makeshift,inexpensivemeans。Whatdidthebestresultsofmyinquiryintoinstinctcostme?Onlytime,andaboveall,patience。”

Itwasthenthatafewofhisdisciples,finallyaffectedbysuchabandonment,decidedtocelebratehisjubilee,hopingthustorevealbothhisnameandhiswonderfulbookstothecrowdthatknewnothingofhim。

(16/20。)

Itwastime;alittlelonger,and,accordingtohisracyphrase,“theviolinswouldhavecometoolate。”Theoldmasterisdailynearerhisdecline;hissight,oncesopiercing,isnowsoobscuredthathecanbarelyseetosignhisname,inasmall,tremuloushand,confusedandillegible。

Hismusclesaresofeeblenowthathecanwalkonlyinshortsteps,onhiswife’sarm,leaningonacane;andhewouldsoonbepiteouslyexhaustedwerenotsomeseatavailablewithinimmediatereach。VerysoonnowhewillnolongerhopetomakethetourofthisHarmas,whichhisfeethavetroddendailyforthirtyyears。Inthisfailureofthebody,allthatsurvivesarethetwosparklingcavitiesofhiseyesandhisextraordinarymemory。

Butheisfarfrombeingmournful:hefeelsonlyanimmenselassitude,andaninfiniteregretthatperhapshewillnotbeabletobringhisseriesof“Souvenirs“tothepointhehaddesired;notwishingtodieuntilhehaspushedhiscareerasfarasisinhispower;withouthavingworked,onhisfeet,untiltheveryhourwhenthelightofthisworldissuddenlywithdrawn,andhiseyesopenupontheinfinitelife,beyondtheinfiniteworldsofspace。

Thefestivaltookplaceonthe3rdofApriloftheyear1910,andwastouchinginitssimplicity。

WhatanunforgettabledayinthelifeofFabre!ThatmorningthegateoftheHarmaswasleftopentoall,andmanyofthepeopleofSérignanwhoinvadedthegardenwereabletolookforthefirsttimeonthefaceoftheirfellow-citizen,whohadsolonglivedamongthem,andwhomtheyhadnow,totheirastonishment,discovered。

Butamongthecrowdoffriendsandadmirerswho,comingfromallparts,pressedaroundthelittlepinkhouse,themostamazedofallwasMarius,theblindcabinet-maker,unabletocontainhisintensedelightatthesuddenburningofsomuchincensebeforehisidol,fortohimithadseemedthatthisdayofapotheosiswouldneverdawn!

Fornothingwascertain,althoughthedayofthejubileehadlongbeenfixed。Inthefirstplacetherehadbeenseriousdefectionsintheranksoftheofficialpersonageswhoweretotakepartintheceremony。Thentheweatherwasterribleforthetimeofyear;thespringhadcommencedgloomily,aseasonoffloodsandcatastrophes。Butonthismorningtherainofdayshadceasedtofall,andsuddenlythesunappeared。

Amongothercomplimentsandmarksofhomagetheoldmanwaspresentedwithagoldenplaque,ononesideofwhichSicard,whostoodrevealedasamasteroftheburin,hadengravedhisportraitwithrarefidelity。Thereversewasresplendentwithoneofthemostbeautifulsyntheseswhichthehistoryofarthasknown;asurprisingallegory,inwhichtheimaginationoftheartistevokedthemanofscience,thesingeroftheinsects,thelandscapewhichhadseenthebirthofsomanylittlelives,andthevillageamidtheolive-trees,infrontofthesun-steepedVentoux。

Atthisfestival,thejubileeofascientist,thescientistswereleastnumerous。

ThebanquetwasgiveninthelargeroomofacafeinthemidstofSérignan;

inorder,nodoubt,thatinthishumblelifeevengloryshouldbemodest。

AsFabrecouldnotwalk,hewashelpedintothecarriageofceremony,whichwassentexpresslyfromOrange,andthelittleprocession,whichwasswelledbythemunicipalchoralsociety,spurredonbyMarius,movedslowlyoffalongthesolecentralstreet。

Itwasagreatfamilyrepast:oneofthoselove-feastsinwhichallcommunicateinasinglethought。

EdmondPerrierbroughtthenaturalistthehomageoftheInstitute,andexpressedinunaffectedtermsthejustadmirationwhichhehimselffelt。

Thebettertopraisehim,hegaveasummaryofhisadmirablecareer,andhisimmortalwork。AttheevocationofthislongpastoflabourFabreregrettedhispoorvanishedjoys,“thesolemomentsofhappinessinhislife。”

Movedtotears,byhismemoriesandbythesimpleandpioushomageatlastrenderedtohisgenius,hewept,andmany,seeinghimweep,weptwithhim。

Othersspokeinthenameofthegreatanonymouscrowdoffriends,ofallthosewhohadfoundasourceofinfiniteenjoymentinhisworks。Atthesametimethegreatestwriters,thegreatestpoetssentonthesameday,atthesamehour,theirsalutationoreloquentmessagestothe“Virgiloftheinsects“(16/21。),tothe“goodmagicianwhoknewthelanguageofthemyriadlittlecreaturesofthefields。”(16/22。)

Doubtlesshewouldsoonerorlaterhavereceivedfulljustice;butwithoutthiscircumstanceitispermissibletoaddthattheendofhislifewouldhavepassedamidstthecompletestoblivion,andthathewouldhavetakenleaveoftheworldwithoutattractinganyparticularattention。Hisdeathwouldhaveoccurredunperceived,andwhenthelittlevaultofVaisonstone,upinthesmallsquareenclosureofpebbleswhichservesasthevillagecemetery,wherethosehehaslovedawaithim,cametobeopenedforthelasttime,theywouldhardlyhavetroubledtocloseitagain。

Yetthehonourspaidhimwerefarfrombeingsuchashemerited。

Why,atthisjubileeofthegreatestoftheentomologists,wasnotasingleappointedrepresentativeofentomologypresent?(16/22。)

Thefactisthatthemajorityofthosewho“amidthelivingseekonlyforcorpses。”accordingtotheexpressionofBacon,unwillingtoseeinFabreanythingmorethananimaginativewriter,andbeingthemselvesincapableofunderstandingthebeautifulandofdistinguishingitinthetrue,reproachedhim,perhapswithmorejealousythanconviction,withhavingintroducedliteratureintothedomainsofscience。

Otherentomologicalspecialistsaccusehimofpresentingintheguiseofsciencediscoverieswhichhavebeenmadebyothers。Butinthefirstplace,ashehasreadverylittle,hecertainlydidnotknowallthathadbeendonebyothers;andwhatmatterifhehaddiscoverednothingessentialconcerningthisorthatinsectiftheresultofhisstudyofithasbeentoimpregnateitwithsomethingnew,ortotouchitwiththebreathoflife?

Others,finally,whowishedtoseewiththeirowneyestheproofofhisstatements,havereproachedhimwithafewerrors;butheobservedsoskilfullythattheseerrors,ifanyhavereallyslippedintohisbooks,cannotbeveryserious。

HewasoneofthegloriesoftheUniversity,butitfailedtoaddtothebrillianceofthisceremony,anditistoberegrettedthattheGovernmentcouldnotamiditstemporarypreoccupationshavedonewithallthespontaneitythatmighthavebeenlookedfortheonethingwhichmightonthismemorabledatehaveatonedforitsunjustobliviousness。SinceDuruyhadcreatedFabreachevalieroftheEmpiremorethanfortyyearshadgoneby,andinthislongintervalFabrewasabsolutelyignoredbytheauthorities。WhiletheStatedailyraisessomanycommonplacementothehighesthonours,itwasafterwardsneedfultoprocuretheinterventionofinfluentialpersons,tojustifyhisworthandtoprovehisdeserts,inordertoobtainhispromotionthroughonedegreeofrankinthatLegionofHonourwhichhiseminentserviceshadsolongadorned。

Thistardyreparationatleasthadtheresultofsheddingatwilightofgloryovertheeveningofhislife,andfromthatdayhesuddenlyappearedinhistrueplaceandtookhisrankasamanofthefirstorder。Everybodybegantoreadhim,andpresentlynoonewaswillingtoseemignorantofhim,formoreofhis“Souvenirsentomologiques“weresoldinafewmonthsthanhadbeendisposedofinmorethantwentyyears。(16/24。)

AtlastFabreexperiencednotonlygloryandrenown,butalsopopularity。

Thiswasonlyjustice,forhisisessentiallyapopulargenius。Hashenotstrivenallhislifetoplacethemarvelsofsciencewithinreachofall?

Andhashenotwrittenaboveallforthechildrenofthepeople?

SoatlastpeoplehavelearnedthewaytotheHarmas;theygothithernowincrowds,tovisittheenclosureandthemodestlaboratory,astoaveritableplaceofpilgrimagewhichattractsfromafarmanyferventadmirers。

Some,itistrue,gothithertoseehimsimplyasanobjectofcuriosity;

butevenamongthesetherearethosewhoonreturningthence,fullofenthusiasmforwhattheyhaveseen,findtheflowersofthefieldsmoresweetandfragile,andthewildfragranceofthewoodsandhedgesmorevoluptuous,andthegreenofthetreesmoretender。Theyhavelearnttolookattheearthandto“kneelinthegrass。”

Scientistscometochatwiththescientist。Otherscometosalutetheprimaryschoolman,thelayinstructor,thegreatpedagoguewhosegloryisreflecteduponalltheprimaryschoolsofFrance。

Thosewhocannotvisithimwrite,tellinghimofallthepleasurewhichtheyowehim,thankinghimforlonganddelightfulhourspassedinthereadingofhisbooks,expressingthehopethathemayyetlivemanyyears,andstillfurtherincreasethenumberofhis“Souvenirs。”

Someaskhimahostofquestionsrelatingtoentomologyorphilosophy;

othersaskhimforimpossibleanswerstosomeofthefascinatingandmysteriousproblemswhichhehasexpounded;womenconfideinhimtheirlittleprivategriefsortheirintimatesorrows,anaiveformofhomage;

butathousandtimesmoretouchingthananyother,andonethatshowshowprofoundhasbeenthebeneficentinfluenceofhisbooksuponcertainisolatedminds,andwhatconsolationcanbederivedfromsciencewhenitfindsasufficientlyeloquentvoicetointerpretit。

Ashecanworknolonger,thesevisitsnowfillhislife,formallysooccupied;andinthemidstofallthesympathyextendedtohimheissensible,notofthetwilight,butofasunrise;hefeelsthathisworkhasbeengood,thataninfinityofmindsarelearningthroughhimtoregardplantsandanimalswithgreateraffection;andthattheconsiderationofmen,finallydirecteduponhiswork,willnotreadilyexhaustit,foritisoneoftheBiblesofNature。

NOTES。

NOTESTOINTRODUCTION。

Introduction/1。Letterstohisbrother,1898-1900。

Introduction/2。Ihavemadesomevaluable“finds“here;amongotherpiecescitedthefragmenton“Playthings。”thecuriousdescriptionofthe“Eclipse。”andthepoemon“Number“areherepublishedforthefirsttime。

Introduction/3。Thisnegligenceinthematterofcorrespondenceisnotleastamongthecauseswhichhavemitigatedagainsthispopularity。

NOTESTOCHAPTER1。

1/1。“Itisacountrythathasverylittlecharm。”Tohisbrother,18thAugust,1846。

1/2。“Practicien,hommed’affairesoudechicane“:roughly,“practitioner,manofbusinessorlaw“:sohisfatherisdescribedinhisbirthcertificate。

1/3。“Souvenirsentomologiques。”2ndseries,chapter4,and7thseries,chapter19。

1/4。Id。,8thseries,chapter8。

1/5。Tohisbrother,15thAugust,1896。

1/6。Id。“Asbrothers,weareoneonly;butinvirtueofourdifferenttasteswearetwo,andIamamusedandinterestedwhereyoumightwellbebored。”

1/7。FrédéricFabre,likehisbrother,anex-scholarofthenormalprimaryschoolofVaucluse,wasfirstofallteacheratLapalud(Vaucluse),thenprofessorinthecommunalcollegeofOrange。HewasdirectoroftheprimaryschoolattachedtothenormalschoolofAvignon,wherehevoluntarilyretiredfromteachingin1859。Hethenbecame,successively,secretarytotheChamberofCommerceofAvignon,directoroftheVaucluseDocks,andfinallydirectoroftheCrillonCanal,whichpositionhestilloccupies(December,1912)。

1/8。“Souvenirsentomologiques。”10thseries,chapter9。

1/9。AmonghisinnumerablemanuscriptsIhavefoundavastnumberoflittlepoems,whichdatefromthisperiod。

1/10。ItwasthenthathegaveuphispositiontohisbrotherFrédéric,whohadcontinuallyfollowedcloselyinhissteps,andwhointurnhadjustobtainedthequalificationofpupil-teacherandbursar(August,1842)。

1/11。“Souvenirsentomologiques。”10series,chapter21。

1/12。Tohisbrother,2ndand9thofJune,1851。

NOTESTOCHAPTER2。

2/1。“Souvenirsentomologiques。”1stseries,chapter20,and9thseries,chapter13。

2/2。Id。,6thseries,chapter21。

2/3。Tohisbrother,fromAjaccio,10thJune,1850。

2/4。Id。,id。

2/5。Id。,fromCarpentras,15thAugust,1846。

2/6。Id。,fromAjaccio,10thJune,1850。

2/7。Id。,fromCarpentras,15thAugust,1846。

2/8。Id。,id。

2/9。“Souvenirsentomologiques。”1stseries,chapter14。

2/10。Tohisbrother,fromCarpentras,3rdSeptember,1848。

2/11。Id。,8thSeptember,1848。

2/12。Id。,id。

2/13。Id。,3rdSeptember,1848。

2/14。Id。,id。

2/15。LettertotheRectoroftheN?mesAcademy,29thSeptember,1848。

2/16。Tohisbrother,29thSeptember,1848。

NOTESTOCHAPTER3。

3/1。Tohisfather,fromAjaccio,14thApril,1850。

3/2。Tohisbrother,fromAjaccio,1851。

3/3。Tohisbrother,fromAjaccio,9thJune,1851。

“IhavesettoworkuponaconchologyofCorsica,whichIhopesoontopublish。”

3/4。TheHelixRaspaillii。

3/5。Tohisbrother,fromAjaccio,10thJune,1850。

3/6。Id。,id。

3/7。“Souvenirsentomologiques。”9thseries,chapter14。

3/8。Number,(LeNombre——ARITHMOS),poem,Ajaccio,September,1852。

3/9。Tohisbrother,fromAjaccio,2ndJune,1851。

3/10。Id。,10thOctober,1852,and“Souvenirsentomologiques。”10thseries,chapter21。

3/11。Fr。Mistral,“Mémoires。”

Moquin-Tandon,bornatMontpellier,wasprofessorofNaturalHistoryatMarseilles,atToulouse,andinParis。

3/12。Tohisbrother,fromAjaccio,10thOctober,1852。

3/13。Id。

3/14。Tohisbrother,fromCarpentras,3rdDecember,1851。

“Ourcrossingwasatrocious。NeverhaveIseensoterribleasea,andthatthepacket-boatwasnotbrokenupbytheforceofthewavesmusthavebeenduetothefactthatourtimehadnotyetcome。OntwoorthreeoccasionsI

thoughtmylastmomentwasathand;IleaveyoutoimaginewhataterribleexperienceIhad。InordinaryweatherthepacketbywhichwetravelledmakesthevoyagefromAjacciotoMarseillesinabouteighteenhours;itissaidtobethefasteststeamerontheMediterranean。Onthisoccasionittookthreedaysandtwonights。”

3/15。January,1853。

NOTESTOCHAPTER4。

4/1。Tohisbrother,fromAvignon,1stAugust,1854。

“IhavearrivedatToulouse,whereIhavepassedthebestexaminationonecouldpossiblywish。Ihavebeenacceptedaslicentiatewiththemostflatteringcompliments,andtheexpensesoftheexaminationshouldbereturnedtome。TheexaminationwasofahigherlevelthanIhadexpected。”

4/2。ToM——(oftheInstitute),fromAvignon,1854。

(LettercommunicatedtoM。Belleudy,prefectofVaucluse,byM。Vollon,painter。)

4/3。Id。

4/4。Tohisbrother,fromAjaccio,10thOctober,1852。

4/5。ObservationsconcerningthehabitsoftheCercerisandthecauseofthelongpreservationofthecoleopterawithwhichitprovisionsitslarvae——“AnnalesdeSc。natur……”4thseries,1855。

4/6。“Souvenirsentomologiques。”10thseries,chapter22。

4/7。“Ihadonlyoneidea:tofreemyself,toleavethelycée,where,notbeingafellow,Iwastreatedasasubordinate。Aninspector-generaltoldmefranklyoneday,’Youwillneveramounttoanythingifyouarenotafellow’(agrégé)。’Thesedistinctionsdisgustme,’Ireplied。”

(Conversations。)

4/8。Tohisbrother,fromAjaccio,14thJanuary,1850。

4/9。InquiriesrespectingthetuberclesofHimantoglossumhircinum。ThesisinBotany,1855。

4/10。Inquiriesrespectingtheanatomyofthereproductiveorgans,andthedevelopmentsoftheMyriapoda。ThesisinZoology,1855。

4/11。Prizeforexperimentalphysiology,1856。

4/12。LettertoLéonDufour,1stFebruary,1857。

4/13。“TheOriginofSpecies。”1857(?),translatedbyBarbier,page15。

4/14。“Souvenirsentomologiques。”1stseries,chapter1,and5thseries,chapter1。

4/15。Id。,1stseries,chapter16。

4/16。Id。,1stseries,chapterone。

4/17。HenryDevillario,magistrateatCarpentras,whereheperformedhisdutiesasjuged’instructionuntilhisdeath。Anotablecollectoranddistinguishedpublicist。

Dr。Bordone,to-dayatFrontignan。Vayssières,professorofZoologyinthefacultyofsciencesatMarseilles。

4/18。“Souvenirsentomologiques。”1stseries,chapter13。

4/19。Hewassubjectinhisyouthtoviolentheadaches,“whichsometimesdevelopedintoacerebralfever。”aswellasstrangenervoustroubles:“A

fewdaysagoIwasattacked,atnight,withasuddennervousillness,ofaterrifyingnature,whichIhavenotasyetbeenabletoidentify。”Tohisbrother,3rdSeptember,1848。

Severedisappointmentorannoyancealwayshadagreateffectuponhim;ontheoccasionofhisfirstmarriagehefellintoasortofcatalepticconditionasaresultoftheoppositionofhisparentsandrelations,whosoughttoopposeit。(Conversationswithhisbrother。)

4/20。“Souvenirsentomologiques“9thseries,chapter23。

4/21。Id。,10thseries,chapter22。

4/22。LettertoLèonDufour,1stFebruary,1857。

“Stepshavebeentakentoobtainformethepostofdrawing-master(ma?tredestravauxgraphiques)。Iftheysucceed,thankstothelittletalentI

havefordrawing,mysalarywillreachareasonablefigure,120poundssterling,andIcanthen,bygivinguptheseabominableprivatelessons,cultivaterathermoreseriouslythestudiesintowhichyouhaveinitiatedme。”CommunicatedbyM。Achard。

4/23。“Souvenirsentomologiques“10thseries,chapter22。

4/24。OubretoProuven?alo。LaCigaleetlaFourmi。

4/25。Lavisse。Aminister。VictorDuruy。

4/26。LettertothemunicipalcouncillorsofAvignon。

4/27。J。StuartMill,“Autobiography。”chapter6。

4/28。Ihavevisitedthishouse;nothing,atalleventsoutside,haschangedintheleast。

4/29。Millcollaboratedinhis“FloreduVaucluse“:“Avirtuousmanwhoserecentlossweshallalldeplorejoinedhiseffortstomineinthisundertaking。”LettertotheMayorofAvignon,1stDecember,1833,communicatedbyM。FélixAchard。

NOTESTOCHAPTER5。

5/1。“Chimieagricole。”

5/2。“LeCiel。”LecturesetLe?onspourtous。

5/3。“LaTerre。”LecturesetLe?onspourtous。

5/4。“LaChimiedel’onclePaul。”Lecturescourantespourtouteslesécoles。

5/5。“Histoiredelab?che。”

5/6。“Lesjouets。LeToton“(manuscript)。

Theprimitivefountain,the“antiqueappliance“transmittedbyinheritance,“theinventionperhapsofsomelittleunemployedherd-boy。”consistedoriginallyofthreeaperturesandthreestraws;twosimilaraperturesononeside,withtwoshortstraws,whichdippedintothewater,andasingleorificeontheothersideforthelongerstrawwhichdeliveredthewater。

Happeningonedaytouseonlytwostraws,oneoneachside,thelittleFabreperceivedthatthedeviceworkedjustaswell,and“so,quiteunconsciously,withoutthinkingofit,Idiscoveredthesyphon,thetruesyphonofthephysicist。”Lococit。

5/7。“Thechemistrycourseisagreatsuccessathome。”Tohisbrother,fromOrange,1875。

5/8。Tohissonémile,4thNovember,1879。

“Thehousehold;discussionsastodomesticeconomyforuseingirls’

schools。”

5/9。“Souvenirsentomologiques。”2ndseries,chapter1。

5/10。TotheMayorofAvignon,1stDecember,1873。CommunicatedbyM。FélixAchard。

5/11。Lettertohisbrother,1875。

5/12。Id。

NOTESTOCHAPTER6。

6/1。“Souvenirsentomologiques。”2ndseries,chapter1。“L’Harmas。”

6/2。Id。,6thseries,chapter5。

6/3。TheLumbricusphosporeusofDugés。Fabrehadalreadyclearlyperceivedthatthiscuriousphenomenonofphosphorescenceappearsatbirth,andhesawinitaprocessofoxidation,aspeciesofrespiration,especiallyactiveincertaintissues。

LettertoLéonDufour,1stFebruary,1857。CommunicatedbyM。FélixAchard。

6/4。Tohisbrother,fromCarpentras,15thAugust,1846。

6/5。Hediedattheageof96。

6/6。“Souvenirsentomologiques。”1stseries,chapter21。

6/7。Tohissonémile,4thNovember,1879。

6/8。ToHenryDevillario,30thMarch,1883。

6/9。Id。,17thDecember,1888。

NOTESTOCHAPTER7。

7/1。“Souvenirsentomologiques。”8thseries,chapter12。

7/2。Id。,7thseries,chapter16。

7/3。Id。,1stseries,chapter4。

7/4。Id。,2ndseries,chapter3。

7/5。Id。,6thseries,chapter21。

7/6。Id。,1stseries,chapter19,and2ndseries,chapter7。

7/7。Id。,7thseries,chapter23。

7/8。Maeterlinck,“TheBee。”

7/9。“Souvenirsentomologiques。”7thseries,chapter2。

7/10。Id。,8thseries,chapter22。

7/11。Id。,6thseries,chapter6。

7/12。Id。,9thseries,chapter10。

7/13。Bergson,“l’Evolutioncréatrice。”

7/14。“Souvenirsentomologiques。”10thseries,chapter6。

7/15。“LesServiteurs“and“LesAuxiliaires。”

7/16。Fran?oisRaspail,bornatCarpentrasin1794,wasalsoaprofessoratthecollegeofCarpentras。

7/17。Tohisbrother,3rdSeptember,1848。

Theimprovementdidnotlastlong;thechilddiedfinallyashorttimeafterwards。

7/18。“Souvenirsentomologiques。”10thseries,chapter21。

7/19。Ed。Perrier。Privateletter,27thOctober,1909。

“Heisthefinestofallourobservers,andallscientistsshouldbowtothefactswhichheexcelsindiscovering。”

7/20。“Souvenirsentomologiques。”6thseries,chapter25。

7/21。Id。,10thseries,chapter16。

7/22。Id。,10thseries,chapter20。

7/23。Manuscripts,unpublishedobservations。

7/24。AcommonspectacleinProvence,butonewhichFabreneverweariedofseeing。

7/25。“Souvenirsentomologiques。”6thseries,chapter17。

7/26。Weknowthatthegreatnaturalistwasfarfrombeingcharmedbythesongofthenightingale。

7/27。Manuscripts,unpublishedobservation。Theseremarksdealwiththesolareclipseof28thMay,1900。

7/28。Amongtheinsectswhichhehasobservedtherearemanywhicharenotalwayssufficientlycharacterized。“Insectescoléoptèresobservesauxenvironsd’Avignon。”Avignon,pub。Seguin,1870。

7/29。ColeopteraobservedintheneighbourhoodofAvignon。Acataloguenowveryscarce,acopyofwhichIowetothekindnessofDr。Chobaut,ofAvignon。

7/30。Nominasinescis,peritetcognitiorerum。

7/31。“Souvenirsentomologiques。”4thseries,chapter11。

7/32。Id。,9thseries,chapter19。

7/33。Id。,1stseries,chapter9。

7/34。“Jenner’sLegendoftheisolationoftheyoungCuckoointhenest。”

byXavierRaspail,“Bull。delaSoc。Zool。deFrance。”1903。

7/35。“Souvenirsentomologiques“1stseries,passim。

7/36。Id。,4thseries,chapter14。

7/37。Id。,1stseries,chapter7。

7/38。Id。,2ndseries,chapter2。

NOTESTOCHAPTER8。

8/1。“Souvenirsentomologiques“1stseries,chapter2。

8/2。Bergson,“l’Evolutioncréatrice。”

8/3。“Souvenirsentomologiques。”2ndseries,chapter4。

8/4。Id。,5thseries,chapter8。

8/5。Id。,9thseries,chapter3。

8/6。Id。,1stseries,chapter22。

8/7。Id。,4thseries,chapter3。

8/8。Id。,4thseries,chapter3。

8/9。Id。,4thand1stseries,chapter19。

8/10。Id。,9thseries,chapter24。

8/11。Id。,10thseries,chapter5。

8/12。Id。,4thseries,chapter6。

8/13。Id。,9thseries,chapter16。

8/14。Id。,2ndseries,chapter5。

8/15。Id。,5thseries,chapter7。

8/16。Id。,6thseries,chapter8。

8/17。Id。,3rdseries,chapters17,18,19and20。

8/18。Id。,2ndseries,chapter15。

8/19。Id。,3rdseries,chapter11。

8/20。Emerson。

8/21。“Souvenirsentomologiques。”4thseries,chapter9。

8/22。Unpublishedobservations。

8/23。“Mireille。”3rdcanto。

NOTESTOCHAPTER9。

9/1。“Souvenirsentomologiques。”8thseries,chapter21。

9/2。“LesRavageurs。”chapter34,agriculture。

9/3。“Souvenirsentomologiques。”10thseries,chapter12。

9/4。Id。,1stseries,chapter2,and10thseries,chapter13。

9/5。Id。,2ndseries,chapter17。

9/6。Id。,7thseries,chapter20。

9/7。Id。,2ndseries,chapter4。

9/8。Atnovitasmundinecfrigoraduraciebat,Necnimiosaestus。

Lucretius,“DeNaturarerum。”

9/9。InthisconnectionseetheexcellentintroductionwrittenbyM。EdmondPerriertoserveasprefacetotheworkofM。deRomanes:“l’Intelligencedesanimaux。”

9/10。“Souvenirsentomologiques。”8thseries,chapter20。

9/11。ToHenryDevillario,30thMarch,1883。

9/12。ToHenryDevillario,12thMay,1883。

9/13。Tohisbrother,1900。

9/14。Letterstohisbrother。

“Iamnotsulking;farfromit……Ihavenolackofinkandpaper;Iamtoocarefulofthemtolackthem;butIdolacktime……SoyoustillthinkIamsulkingbecauseIdonotreply!Butimagine,mydearandpetulantbrother,thatforseveralweeksIhavebeenpursuing,withunequalledpersistence,someabominableconicproblemsproposedatthefellowshipexamination,andonceIhavemountedmyhobby-horse,good-byetoletters,good-byetoreplies,goodbyetoeverything。”(Carpentras,27thNovember,1848。)

“Youareright,seventimesrighttostormatme,togrumbleatmysilence,andIadmit,inallcontrition,thatIamtheworstcorrespondentyoucouldfind。Toforcemyselftowritealetteristoplacemyselfontherack,aswellyouknow……Butwhydoyougetitintoyourhead,whydoyoutellme,thatIdisdainyou,thatIforgetyou,thatIignoreyou,you,mybestfriend?……Formysilenceblameonlythemultiplicityoftasks,whichoftensurpasses,notmycourage,butmystrengthandmytime。”(Ajaccio,1stJune,1851。)

9/15。“Souvenirsentomologiques。”10thseries,chapter8。

9/16。Id。,9thseries,chapter2。

NOTESTOCHAPTER10。

10/1。“Souvenirsentomologiques。”1stseries,chapter21。

10/2。Id。,9thseries,chapter2。

10/3。Id。,10thseries,chapter4。

10/4。Montaigne’sEssays。

10/5。“Souvenirsentomologiques。”8thseries,chapter17。

10/6。“LesRavageurs。”

10/7。“Souvenirsentomologiques。”10thseries,chapter18,and“Merveillesdel’instinct:laChenilleduchou。”

10/8。Id。,8thseries,chapter17。

NOTESTOCHAPTER11。

11/1。“Souvenirsentomologiques。”3rdseries,chapter8。

11/2。Id。,2ndseries,chapter14etseq。

11/3。Id。,6thseries,chapter9。

11/4。Id。,5thseries,chapter19。

11/5。Tolstoy:“Allthatthehumanheartcontainsofevilshoulddisappearatthecontactofnature,thatmostimmediateexpressionofthebeautifulandthegood。”(“TheInvaders。”)

11/6。The“Livred’histoires“and“Chimieagricole。”

11/7。“OubretoProven?alo。LaBise。”

11/8。Id。,“LeSemeur。”

11/9。Id。,“LeCrapaud。”

NOTESTOCHAPTER12。

12/1。“OubretoProven?alo。LeMaréchal。”

12/2。“OubretoProven?alo。”

12/3。InthisconnectionseetheadmirablepassageinSainte-Beuve’s“Port-

Royal。”Book2,chapter14。

12/4。“Souvenirsentomologiques。”4thseries,chapter1。

12/5。Id。,1stseries,chapter17。

12/6。Id。,7thseries,chapter8。

12/7。Id。,7thseries,chapter10。

12/8。Id。,8thseries,chapter8。

12/9。Id。,8thseries,chapter20。

12/10。Id。,6thseries,chapter14。

12/11。Id。,8thseries,chapter18。

12/12。Id。,10thseries,chapter8。

12/13。Id。,10thseries,chapter6。

12/14。Id。,5thseries,chapter22。

NOTESTOCHAPTER13。

13/1。“Souvenirsentomologiques。”10thseries,chapter17。

13/2。Id。,9thseries,chapter4,“l’Exodedesarignées“(theExodusoftheSpiders),andchapter5,“l’Araignéecrabe“(theCrabSpider)。

13/3。Id。,5thseries,chapter17。

13/4。Id。,3rdseries,chapter8。

13/5。Id。,6thseries,chapter14。

“Oubreto。LeGrillon。”andunpublishedverses。

13/6。“Souvenirsentomologiques。”2ndseries,chapter16。

13/7。Id。,9thseries,chapter21。

13/8。“LesMerveillesdel’instinct:leVerluisant“(MarvelsofInstinct:

theGlow-worm)。

13/9。“Souvenirsentomologiques。”2ndseries,chapter12。

13/10。Id。,8thseries,chapter22,and9thseries,chapter11。

13/11。Id。,5thseries,chapter18。

NOTESTOCHAPTER14。

14/1。GrandjeandeFouchy:eulogyofRéaumur,in“Recueilsdel’Acad。dessciences。”volume157H,page201,andPrefacetothe“LettresinéditesdeRéaumur。”byG。Musset。

14/2。“Mémoires。”passim,andvolume2,1stmémoire。

14/3。Id。,volume3,3rdmémoire。

14/4。Id。,volume2,1stmémoire。

Ch。Tellier,“LeFrigorifique“(Refrigeration),storyofamoderninvention,chapter23;coldappliedtotheanimalkingdom。

14/5。LéonDufour:“Journaldesavie。”

SouvenirsandimpressionsoftravelinthePyreneestoGavarnie,Héas,the“Montagnesmaudites。”etc。EntomologicalexcursionsonthedunesofBiscarosseandArcachon。

14/6。Id。,directionofentomologicalstudies。

14/7。“Souvenirsentomologiques“2ndseries,chapter1:“L’Harmas。”

14/8。Id。,5thseries,chapter11。

NOTESTOCHAPTER15。

15/1。LouisCharrasse,privateletter,20thFebruary,1912,and“LeBassinduRh?ne。”March,1911。

15/2。“Oubreto。LeCrapaud。”

15/3。Itwasonlyintheafternoonthathedevotedhimself,whenneedful,tomicroscopicresearches,onaccountofthebetterinclinationofthelight。

15/4。Helostitattheendoflastspring。

15/5。“LesServiteurs。LeCanard。”

15/6。“Souvenirsentomologiques。”1stseries,chapter13:anascentofMontVentoux。

15/7。ThenamegiventoChristmasinProvence。

15/8。LouisCharrasse,privateletters。

15/9。Id。

15/10。1888-1892。

15/11。“Souvenirsentomologiques。”2ndseries,chapter2。

15/12。LouisCharrasse,privateletter。

15/13。Lettertohisnephew,AntoninFabre,4thJanuary,1885。

15/14。“Souvenirsentomologiques。”6thseries,chapter19。

15/15。Id。,6thseries,chapter2。

15/16。Id。,6thseries,chapter11。

15/17。Conversations。

NOTESTOCHAPTER16。

16/1。Lettertohisbrother,4thFebruary,1900。

16/2。Tohisbrother,18thJuly,1908。Atthistimetheeighthvolumeofhis“Souvenirs“hadjustappeared,andtheninthwasinhand。

16/3。Id。

16/4。“Chimieagricole。”

16/5。Tohisbrother,10thOctober,1898。

16/6。Privateletter,30thMarch,1908。

16/7。Id。

16/8。Id。

16/9。Unpublishedexperiments。

16/10。ToCharlesDelagrave,27thJanuary,1899。

16/11。Tohisbrother,4thFebruary,1900。

16/12。ThisprizewasawardedtoFabrein1899。Theamountoftheprizeis400poundssterling。ItisoneofthechiefprizesoftheInstitute。

16/13。EdmondRostand。Privateletter,7thApril,1910:“Hisbookshavebeenmydelightduringaverylongconvalescence。”

16/14。Thismagnificentatlas,thegemofFabre’scollections,comprisesnearly700plates,andalargebodyofexplanatoryanddescriptivematter。

16/15。ToCharlesDelagrave,undated。

16/16。Maeterlinck。Privateletter,17thNovember,1909。

“Les4Chemins,“Grasse(Alpes-Maritimes)。

“YouoverwhelmmewithpleasureanddomethegreatesthonourinallowingmynametobeinscribedamongthoseofthecommitteewhichproposestocelebratethejubileeofHenriFabre……HenriFabreis,indeed,oneofthechiefestandpurestgloriesthatthecivilizedworldatpresentpossesses;

oneofthemostlearnednaturalistsandthemostwonderfulofpoetsinthemodernandtrulylegitimatesenseoftheword。IcannottellyouhowdelightedIambythechanceyouoffermeofexpressinginthiswayoneoftheprofoundestadmirationsofmylife。”

16/17。J。Belleudy,prefectofVaucluse。Privateletter,29thSeptember,1909。

“Itpainsmetoseesogreatamind,soeminentascientist,suchamasterofFrenchliterature,solittleknown。Twoyearsago,whentheGegnerprizewasawardedtohim,IfeltthatImustspeakofhimtocertainofthoseaboutme;andtheyhadhardlyheardhisname!“

16/18。LettertoFrédéricMistral,4thJuly,1908。

16/19。CouncilGeneralofVaucluse,sessionofAugust,1908。Thewordsoftherecorder,M。Lacour,mayorofOrange,to-daydeputyforVaucluse,apersonalfriendandardentadmireroftheoldmaster。

16/20。EdmondRostand。Privateletter,20thNovember,1909。

“Iam,sir,notonlygreatlytouched,butalsoandabovealldelightedthatyouhavethoughtofincludingmeamongthefriendswhowishtofeteHenriFabre。Thanksforhavingconsideredthatmynamewouldassistyourundertaking。The“Souvenirsentomologiques“havelongagomademeintimatewithhischarming,profound,andmovinggenius。Iowethemaninfinityofdelightfulhours。PerhapsalsoIoughttothankthemforhavingencouragedoneofmysonstopursuethevocationwhichheentered。If,inordertohonourHenriFabre,yourunthepiousriskofdisturbing,foramoment,thestudiousretreatinwhich,forsomanyyears,hehaspursuedhislifeandhiswork,itisanactofjusticetowardthisgreatscientist,whothinksasaphilosopher,seesasanartist,andfeelsandexpresseshimselfasapoet。”

RomainRolland。Privateletter,7thJanuary,1910。

“YoucannotimaginewhatpleasureyouhavegivenmebyrequestingmetoassociatemyselfintheglorificationofJ。H。Fabre。HeisoneoftheFrenchmenwhomImostadmire。Theimpassionedpatienceofhisingeniousobservationsdelightsmeasmuchasthemasterpiecesofart。ForyearsI

havereadandlovedhisbooks。Duringmylastholidays,ofthreevolumesthatItravelledwithtwowerevolumesofhis“Souvenirsentomologiques。”

Youwillhonourmeanddelightmebycountingmeasoneofyou。”

16/21。EdmondRostand。Telegram。

16/22。RomainRolland。

INDEX。

Achard,M。

Agaricus,luminosityof。

“AgriculturalChemistry。”

Ajaccio,Fabreat。

Ammophila。

Anthidium。

Anthophora。

Anthrax。

Arachneclotho。

Arachnoids,cannibalismof。

Audubon。

Avignon,Fabreat。

suggestedagronomicstationat。

Balaninus。

Balzac。

Bees。

Belleudy,M。

Bembex。

Bergson。

Bernard,Claude。

Blanchard。

Bluefly。

Bombyx。

Bordone。

Bossuet。

Bourdon。

Buffon。

Buprestis。

Calendal。

Calendar-beetle。

Calosomasycophanta。

Candolle,de。

Cannibalism。

Cantharides。

Cantharis,courtshipof。

Capricornis。

Carabidae。

Carpentras。

faunaof。

Caterpillars,poisonous。

Centipedes。

Cerceris。

Chalcidia。

Chalicodoma。

Charrasse,Louis。

Chermes。

Cicada(Cigale)。

Cicadelina。

Cicindela。

Cione。

Clathrix。

Clythris。

Clytus。

Cleonaopthalmica。

Coincidenceinlifeofparasites。

ColeopteraofAvignon。

Conchology,Fabrestudies。

Copris。

Corsica。

Courrier。

Crickets,courtshipof。

Crioceris。

Cuckoo。

Curves,propertiesof。

Darwin,Charles,Fabreanopponentof。

praisesFabre。

correspondswithFabre。

Darwin,Erasmus。

Decticus。

Delagrave,Charles。

Dermestes。

Devillario,Henry。

Dorthesia。

Dufour,Léon。

Dumas。

Dung-beetles。

Duruy,Victor。

sendsforFabretoattendCourt。

fallof。

Dyticus。

“Earth,The。”

Eclipseofsun。

EducationinFrance。

Ephippigera。

Epe?ra。

Emerson。

Empusa。

Ergatus。

Eucera。

Eumenes。

Evil。

Evolution。

Fabre,Agla?。

Fabre,Antoine。

Fabre,Antonia。

Fabre,Antonin。

Fabre,émile。

Fabre,Frédéric。

Fabre,Henri。

birthplace。

childhood。

boyhood。

schooldays。

aprimaryteacher。

marriageandlossoffirstchild。

professorofphysicsatAjaccio。

professoratAvignon。

takesupentomology。

salary。

poverty。

asteacher。

character。

hispupils。

goestoCourtandisdecorated。

writestextbooksforschools。

portraitsof。

meetsJ。S。Mill。

denouncedforsubversiveteaching。

evicted。

settlesatOrange,moneydifficultiessolvedbyMill。

breakswiththeUniversity。

continueshisseriesoftextbooks。

repaysMillmoneylent。

dismissedfromRequienMuseum。

researchesconcerningmadder。

leavesOrange。

workatSérignan。

secondmarriage。

hisworkshop。

methodsofwork。

attitudetowardevolution。

correspondswithDarwin。

ideasastooriginofspecies。

methodsofwork。

comparedwithRéaumur。

lifeatSérignan。

loveofmusic。

oldage。

poverty。

jubileecelebrated。

Fabre,Henri,ofAvignon。

Fabre,Jules。

Fabre,Paul。

Fabre,Mme(motherofHenri)。

Fabre,Mme(1stwife)。

Fabre,Mme(2ndwife)。

Fabre,MmeAntoine。

Favier。

Femaleeducation。

Frog,bellringer。

Gadfly。

Gegnerprize。

Geometry,Fabre’sloveof。

Geotrupes。

Glow-worm。

Goatcaterpillar。

Goethe。

Grasshopper。

Halictus。

Harmas,the。

Heat,takesplaceoffood。

Helixraspaillii。

Hemerobius,curiousgarmentof。

Horace。

Horn-beetle。

HorusApollo。

Huber。

Hugo,Victor。

Hyper-metamorphism。

Instinct。

Intelligence,functionof。

Janin,Jules。

Jullian。

Jussieu,de。

LaFontaine。

Lamarck。

Lapalud。

Latreille。

Larra。

Leibnitz。

Leucopsis。

Libellula。

Linnaeus。

Locust。

“Log,Storyofthe。”

Lycosa。

Madder,Fabre’sresearchesconcerning。

Magendie。

Malaval。

Mantis。

Maquis,theCorsican。

Marius。

Mason-bee。

Medicine,Fabre’sinclinationtoward。

Megachile。

Melo?。

Michelet。

Mill,J。S。

helpsFabreindifficulties。

deathof。

Mill,Mrs。

Millipedes。

Mimicry。

Mind,ofanimals。

Minotaurus。

Mistral。

correspondswithFabre。

Mitscherlich。

Montyonprize。

Moquin-Tandon。

Mushrooms,recipeforcooking。

NapoleonIII。

Necrophorus。

Number,propertiesof。

poem。

Odynerus。

Oniticella。

Onthophagus。

Orange,Fabreat。

Orchids,Fabreon。

“OriginofSpecies。”

Orthoptera,primitive。

Osmia,controlofsex。

courtshipof。

Pasteur。

Peacockmoth。

Pelopaeus。

Perrier,Ed。

Philanthus。

Phryganea。

Pieris。

“Plant,The。”

Pliny。

Poems,Fabre’s。

Polygons,propertiesof。

Pompilus。

Potato。

Processionalcaterpillar。

Psyche。

Rabelais。

Raspail。

Racine。

Réaumur。

comparedwithFabre。

RequienofAvignon。

RequienMuseum。

Rhynchites。

Ricard,Pierre,schoolmaster。

Rose-beetle。

Roumanille。

Saint-Léons。

Saprinidae。

Sarcophagus。

Scarabaeussacer。

Scolia。

Scolopendra。

Scorpion。

Sérignan。

Fabresettlesat。

eveningsat。

Sicard’sportraitsofFabre。

Silkwormmoth。

Sisyphus。

Sitaris。

“Sky,The。”

“Souvenirsentomologiques。”

Spaeriaceae。

Sphex。

Spiders,aeronautic。

Sport,Fabre’sloveof。

Staphylinus。

Tachina。

Tachinarius。

Tachytes。

Tarantula。

Taylor,Harriett(Mrs。J。S。Mill)。

Taylor,Miss。

Terebinthlouse。

Theophrastus。

Thomisus。

Tolstoy。

Toussenel。

Trox。

Vanessa。

“Vaucluse,Floraofthe。”

Vaucluse,GeneralCouncilof,grantsFabreapension。

Vayssières,M。

VentouxAlp。

banquetonthe。

Vezins。

Villard,Marie(MmeHenriFabre)。

Virgil。

Volucella。

Wasps’nestinwinter。

Weevils,sloe。

poplar。

acornandpoplar。

Woodlandbug。

Xylocopa。

End

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